Name: Mazen Mostafa Ibrahim

WE Alex

Assignment 3

Unit 33
Working Procedures for
Communication
Scope and objectives of the project are
considered.
Communication services required: for
example, voice, data, or video.
Network type to be installed such as copper,
fiber, and wireless installation, also
equipment requirement.
Consider local standards and regulations.
Understand Customer Requirements:
Customer requirements may include
performance metrics or other constraints for
any given project, whether budget-driven or
otherwise. Consult Relevant Installation
Manuals:
Gather all technical documents necessary for
the job, including installation manuals and
manufacturer recommendations.
The design schematics of the communication
system and equipment specifications are
studied.
Check relevant codes of practice and
standards for say IEEE and ITU. Highlight
safety protocols that are to be followed
during installation. Site Survey: Do a physical
survey of the site where the installation will
be done. Check such environmental
parameters such as humidity, temperature,
sources of interference, etc. Make an
assessment of the space that would be
required for installing equipment and cables.
Do some route planning for cables or
conduits or antennas. Materials and
Equipment Preparation: Enumerate all the
materials to be needed such as cables,
connectors, distribution frames, etc.
Installation tools shall be prepared
and made ready: crimpers, punch-down
tools, fiber fusion splicers, among others.
Required communication equipment shall be
present and operational, which may include
switches, routers, and line cards.
Pre-Installation Tests:
This will entail checking the communications
equipment pre-installation to ensure the
device is ready for operation.
Cable tests, including continuity tests on
copper and loss measurements on fiber, shall
be made.

Installation
The installation of the primary
communication infrastructure shall be done,
including but not limited to street cabinets,
MDFs, and RLUs.
Cables are to be run and terminated
according to the design plan.
Mount the drop points, PCPs, DPs, and label
them appropriately.
Terminate cables on the communication
equipment, for instance, from MDF to line
cards.
System Configuration
Configure the installed equipment, for
instance, routers, switches, line units, based
on the design of the network.
Ensure that IP addresses, VLANs, routing
protocols, etc., are appropriately configured.
Ensure the communication paths are rightly
configured and optimized.

Testing and Quality Assurance

Conduct post-installation tests, for instance,
testing of lines and signals for quality and
throughput.
Verify that the installed system meets all
specified requirements and performance.
Troubleshoot identified problems.
Documentation
Document the installation in its entirety,
including installed equipment, cable runs,
and test results.
Provide updated network diagrams with as-
built documentation.
Handover and Maintenance Planning:
Conduct system operation training for
customers or end-users.
Hand over all documentation, including
manuals, warranties, and test records.
Plan for periodic maintenance and instruct on
troubleshooting and repairs
interpret given diagrams and plans:
Fascia Layouts:
Definition: Fascia layouts represent the front
design of any control panel or equipment
enclosure. It represents how controls, indicators,
ports, and interfaces are laid out and labeled.

How to Interpret:
Control and Indicator Positions: Check the
positions of buttons, switches, LEDs, LCDs, and
meters.
Labeling: See that the proper labels have been
given to each type of component, such as "Power,"
"LAN," "Ethernet ports.".
Physical Connections: Identify the location of
physical interfaces, like Ethernet ports, fiber-optic
interfaces, and power input.
Design Standard: Confirm that the fascia design
meets the requirements around user access based
on industry ergonomics standards and regulations.
Schematics:
Schematic: It is the diagrammatic representation
of the system or circuit using symbols instead of
the actual pictures. A schematic diagram provides
logical relations between the parts while ignoring
the actual physical arrangement of components.

Interpretation:
Symbols-standardized symbols for resistors,
capacitors, transistors, switches, and connectors.
Signal Flow: The trace of flow that is usually taken
by signals in the system may be from source to a
load, such as from a signal generator to an output
device or antenna. Connection: Knowing how
several components are interconnected, trace
paths that go from input to output. Power Sources
and Grounding: Identify where power enters the
circuit and how grounding is implemented in order
to protect the system against electrical issues.
Subsystems: Break down the schematic into
functional subsystems such as transmission,
reception, and filtering to make sense of the whole
system.

Wiring Diagrams:
Definition: A wiring diagram is one that depicts the
interconnections between different devices in the
system. It portrays information regarding routing
of wires, type, and termination.
How to Read:
Color Coding: Notice the color codes used for
wires. The color will often indicate the function of
the wire.
Wiring Path: Each wire would have to be traceable
on its path from its source to its destination. For
example, from the power source to the equipment
or even from one module to another.
Connectors and Termination Points: Locate
connectors, terminal blocks, or punch-down points
where wires are terminated. Make sure that wires
are correctly connected to the proper
corresponding pins or terminals.
Type of Wires: Specify the type being used, such as
twisted-pair copper cables, coaxial cables, or fiber
optics, and make sure that they are for the
appropriate system being utilized. Labels and
Identifiers: Wires may be labeled with further
specifics, such as their signal type (voice or data),
the voltage level on the line, or which device they
connect to.
Cross-Referencing with Schematics: Once the
wiring diagram is combined, utilize the schematic
to understand the various physical and logical
connections that are in place within the system.
select appropriate hand-tools
Screwdrivers
Types:
Flat head and Phillips head are the most utilised
types.
Torx or Hex headed screwdrivers also find their
application for some specific equipment
Size: The size to be selected shall be suitable for
the screws in use in communications cabinets,
racks, and equipment mounting to prevent
stripping of screws and consequential damage to
components.
Insulated screwdrivers shall be utilised when the
operation has to be performed near live circuits or
electrical components for preventing electric
shock.
Spanners
Open-end spanners: Useful in the tight spaces such
as communication racks or cabinets to apply bolts.
Combination spanners: One side open-end and the
other side is a ring spanner. The ring side gives
better torque for tightening bolts. Adjustable
spanners: Flexible enough to handle various bolt
sizes that are used in either rack installations or
grounding connections. 3. Wrenches Adjustable
wrenches (Crescent wrenches): Useful in a number
of nut and bolt sizes. That reduces the need for
carrying different fixed wrenches.
Torque wrenches: These are utilized for bolting on
sensitive communication equipment at a certain
torque to avoid over-tightening, which could result
in component damage.

Socket Sets
Variety of deep and standard socket sets: These
are for the bolts out of reach that are buried deep
inside some cabinet or panel.
Metric and Imperial: Make sure the set includes
both, as it is never known what sort of standard
different pieces of communication equipment may
require.
Ratchet handles: These are going to be utilized to
work efficiently in tight spots where only partial
rotations are possible.
position and mount equipment
Use of Plans
Objective:
The plans shall give them a complete
plan on which equipment goes where
and how it needs to be attached, based
on space set aside for such racks,
cabinets, and wall mounts.
Procedure
Read the layout drawings: Know
equipment to be installed and their
positioning in racks or enclosures, such
as switches, routers, patch panels
among others.
Positioning: Check the exact positions
(e.g., rack unit numbers in 19" racks) so
as not to overcrowd the equipment to be
installed for proper airflow and cable
management. A spacing and dimensions
check needs to be done to make sure the
space provided for the equipment agrees
with the actual dimensions of the
equipment, considering cable routing
and ventilation. 2. Parts List Utilization
Objective: The parts list will include all
components that are to be used at
installation, including brackets, screws,
bolts, and all other accessories applied
for mounting. Steps:
Cross-check parts: Before mounting
equipment, it is important to ensure that
all parts on the parts list are available to
you. This includes all brackets, screws,
rack ears, cable ties, grounding kits, and
so on.
Compatibility: Allow for appropriate
sizing and types of screws or brackets
that are to be used with the equipment
being mounted. From the parts list,
identify appropriate tool sizes
(screwdrivers, wrenches) that will
actually be used with each component.
Organize components: Sort the
components according to the purpose
they serve. For instance, keep the
screws that go to mounting rack
equipment separate from those that are
for cable management.

Tool Utilization
Objective:
High-quality proper tools guarantee
safe, fast installation without any
damage to either device and/or
mounting structure.
Procedure:
Screwdrivers and drills:
Utilize the correct type of screwdriver
that will correspond with the screws
listed in the parts list.
For bigger cabinets or racks, there might
be the need to use a drill with driver
bits; however, avoid screwing too tight,
especially on sensitive networking
equipment.
Wrenches and spanners:
Use adjustable or combination wrenches
when performing bolting and nutting of
big pieces of equipment like racks,
frames, or brackets. Where the
requirement for torque is specified,
ensure that torque wrenches are applied

Socket sets:
Apply the use of socket sets for bolts
that can only be reached in very tight
areas, especially when heavy equipment
needs to be mounted in wall enclosures
or confined rack spaces.
Equipment for cable management:
Cable ties, cable cutters, and velcro
strips come in handy in keeping cables
tidy after mounting the equipment.
Proper cable management equipment
ensures that all wires are untangled and
assists in smooth functioning.
Install cable runs
Cable Run Plan
Layout: Determine from the plan where cables
should run, whether between rooms, racks, or
outlets.
Cable Type: Identify and choose the type of cable
to be used, such as Ethernet or fiber optic.
Path and Length: Lay out the line and ensure the
length of cable is adequate, plus extra for bends
and adjustments.

Tools and Materials Setup

Cables: Obtain the required length and type of
cable.
Accessories: Cable ties to keep cables tidy, trays,
or conduits.
Tools: Cable strippers, crimpers, fish tape for
pulling through conduits, drills, cable testers.

Run the Cables

Labeling: Label both cable ends for easy
identification.
Path Setup: Prepare the path of cables and pull
them with the help of fish tape in areas that are
hard to reach.
Secure the Cables: Ties or trays should be used to
fasten cables. But, the ties over-tightening needs
to be avoided. Also, data cables need to be set well
away from power cables to prevent interference.

Terminate the Cables

Ethernet Cables: Strip the cable, arrange the wires
per standard T568A or T568B, attach the
connectors, or punch into jacks.
Fiber Optic Cables: Carefully strip, cleave, and
splice the fiber by using a splicer or a mechanical
connector.

Test the Cable

Use a cable tester appropriate for the installed
cable (Ethernet or light meter/OTDR for fiber) to
confirm the cable operates within specification.
Record the results so that they can be used in the
future in case of problems

Dress and Label

Cables should be dressed neatly using Velcro
straps
All termination points (patch panels, outlets, etc.)
need to be labeled
quality control
Installation to Specification
Cable Type and Length: Verify that the
installed cables are in conformity with
the project plan specifications: cable
types, such as Ethernet, fiber optic, etc.,
and good lengths without
superfluousness or shortage.
Good Cable Routing: Ensure that the
cables are properly routed via conduits,
trays, or cable racks according to design.
Also, avoid excessive bends or kinks in
cables since these would result in poor
performance of the signal.
Correct Terminations: All terminations
must be to the right standard, such as
Ethernet over T568A or T568B, and
connectors properly crimped or spliced.
Labeling: Ensure that all cables are
correctly labeled according to the plan
with clear identifiers for easy future
reference.
Testing: Functional testing of the
installation to ensure that it delivers
within agreed standards, on such
variables as signal strength and
continuity; cable testers for Ethernet or
OTDR can be used. Equipment is Stable
and Safe Physical Stability: This ensures
that all equipment switches, routers,
and patch panels among others is
properly installed with not much
possibility of movement or vibration.
Cable Management: The cables should
not be strained by tangles or stress on
the connectors but instead securely
fastened with cable ties or Velcro straps.
They are also meant to be well-placed to
allow easy access during maintenance.
Grounding: This includes the proper
grounding of all equipment that requires
it, such as racks and metal enclosures,
to prevent any kind of electrical hazard.
Safety Standards: Install such that all
possible safety regulations are met, such
as not working on live wires, ensuring
proper clearance for ventilation, or
tucking cables away to avoid tripping.
Check for Possible Overheating Issues:
Make sure there is good airflow/ proper
ventilation around equipment or
whether cables block a fan/ vent.
Final Steps:
Checklist for Inspection: Go through a
final checklist, checking all components
and all steps of the installation against
specifications. Documentation: Record
all test results, labeling information, and
any deviations from the original plan if
necessary-for future maintenance and
troubleshooting.
safe-working practices
Electrical Hazards: Be aware of the
presence of electrical current when
working around power sources. Always
assume wires are live unless you have
tested them. Insulation should be
appropriate, and you should never work
with wet hands.

Tripping, Falling, Slipping: Work area

must be cleaned up. Tie cables and tools
that are loose; doing so may prevent
tripping. Properly use ladders, assuring
proper footing, especially when working
above height.

Sharp-edged appliances and gadgets:

utilize cable cutters, strippers, or
splicing tools with utmost care. Always
wear gloves when working with such
sharp-edged equipment or cables; this
would prevent lacerations.

Heavy lifting: employ proper lifting

techniques or seek assistance in lifting
heavy equipment such as racks or heavy
batches of cables; this would prevent
strains or injury.

Working in Confined Spaces: The areas

where work has to be executed could
involve small areas such as server
rooms, cable ducts, or ceiling voids;
thus, adequate ventilation and
knowledge of escape routes from the
area must be taken into account.
Permit to Work Procedures (Where
Applicable)

Work Permit: It may be required to work

in hazardous environments, and the
permit to work is for work carried out
within hazardous areas such as electrical
rooms, under raised floors, and confined
spaces. This would ensure that safety
measures are displayed before
embarking on work.

Authorization: The permit to work can

only be issued and received by
personnel duly authorized. Such work
may include electrical isolation or entry
to confined spaces.

Checking and Documenting: Checks pre-

work conditions that include de-
energizing of circuits, ventilation checks
and/or PPE usage. Document the permit
and sign off by relevant authorities.
Personal Protective Equipment Usage

Gloves: Always wear gloves when

directly working with cables, using sharp
tools, or in high-heat areas.

Glasses/ Goggles: When cables need to

be cut, any type of drill is in use, or
there is any use of power tools.

Hard Hats: For use when working in

areas where falling objects are possible,
such as areas under construction or even
large server rooms that contain high
racks.

Personal Protective Equipment-Hearing

Protection: Wear earplugs or earmuffs if
the working area is too noisy, like
working near machinery or construction
zones.

Electrical Safety
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO): Utilize
lockout/tagout in order to ensure power
sources are disconnected and cannot be
turned on during maintenance or
installation activities.
Test Before Touch: Always test circuits to
ensure they are de-energized before
working on them with an appropriate
voltage tester.
Insulated Tools: Use insulated tool such
as screwdrivers and pliers when working
near live electrical parts.

Use of Tools and Equipment Properly

Tool Care: Tools are subject to regular
inspection for any damage, such as
frayed cables on power tools, blunt
blades or broken handle. Only those
tools that are in proper operating
condition can be used.

Proper Use of Tool: Use the right tool to

perform the work so that accident may
not happen; cable stripper is used
instead of knife.
Organization of Work-site and
Communication

Sign Posting: Post warning signs or

create barricades, especially in the case
of an area that people may enter where
work is being performed, such as
electrical work or heavy lifts.
Team Communication: Inform fellow
colleagues about a job underway,
hazards involved, and when it is safe to
proceed. This would be particularly
important in multi-person installations
or high-hazard environments.