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This document is a module on research designs for Practical Research 2, outlining learning objectives and the nature of qualitative and quantitative research designs. It details various types of qualitative designs such as case studies and grounded theory, as well as quantitative designs including experimental and non-experimental methods. The document also describes the stages of experimental research design and the characteristics of different research methodologies.

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6 views20 pages

Mod 1 L1 2 1

This document is a module on research designs for Practical Research 2, outlining learning objectives and the nature of qualitative and quantitative research designs. It details various types of qualitative designs such as case studies and grounded theory, as well as quantitative designs including experimental and non-experimental methods. The document also describes the stages of experimental research design and the characteristics of different research methodologies.

Uploaded by

Chelsea marie Javellana
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STO.

NIÑO FORMATION AND SCIENCE SCHOOL

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
RESEARCH DESIGNS
MODULE 1- LESSON 1

Home of Christian leaders


Shining forward to fullness.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. widen your vocabulary in English;
2. explain the meaning of a research design;
3. familiarize oneself with the nature of each qualitative research designs
and quantitative research designs;
4. compare and contrast various qualitative research designs and
quantitative research designs;
5. outline the experimental research design stages;
6. present a graphical look of the experimental research design stages;
7. conduct a doable or practicable research study based on one qualitative
research design or quantitative research design; and
8. judge the quality of finished qualitative research.
Research Designs
Design is a word which means a plan or something that is
conceptualized by the mind. It is a result of a mental activity
characterized by unfixed formation of something but an
extensive interconnection of things.

Design serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of


your research study.
Qualitative research is usually aimed at studying a
phenomenon in its natural setting. Hence, the
complexity of the phenomenon should be properly
studied. It focuses on capturing data from the source
by observation or interview. Data collection and
analysis is usually time-consuming.

Note that qualitative researchers frequently employ


several methods in a single study.
Types of Qualitative Research Designs
1. Case Study
2. Ethnography
3. Historical Study
4. Phenomenology
5. Grounded Theory
A clue about the scope is usually reflected by the title of the study
such as the following examples:
A Five-Year Study of the Impact of the K-12
Curriculum on the Philippine
Employment System
The Rise and Fall of the Twenty-Year Reign of
Former Philippine President,
Ferdinand E. Marcos
Filipino-Student Activism from the Spanish Era to
the Contemporary Period
Telephones from the Nuclear Era to the Digital Age
In a grounded theory study, interpretations are
continually derived from raw data. A keyword to
remember is emergent. The story emerges from
the data. Often, researchers will begin with a
broad topic, then use qualitative methods to
gather information that defines (or further
refines) a research question.
A grounded theory study is dynamic, in that it can be
continually revised throughout nearly all phases of the
study. You can imagine that this would frustrate a
quantitative researcher. However, remember that
perspective is centrally important to the qualitative
researcher. While the end result of a grounded theory
study is to generate some broad themes, the
researcher is not making an attempt to generalize the
study in the same, objective way characteristic of
quantitative research.
Types of Quantitative Research
Designs
1. Experimental Research Design

2. Non-Experimental Research Design


1. Experimental Research Design
-Involves two groups of subjects: The experimental group on
which the condition, treatment, or intervention is applied and
the control group that is not given any treatment or condition
Following this experimental design, you conduct two kinds
of tests: pre-test for both groups and post-test for the
experimental or treatment group to see the difference
between them based on the effects of the treatment or
condition given to the experimental group. (Picardie 2014; Yin
2012)
Types of Experimental Research Designs
There are two types of experimental designs: the true
experimental design and the quasi-experimental design.
(De Mey 2013; Creswell 2013)

a. True Experimental Design


What proves this as a true experimental design is its
random selection of participants. It is a bias-free selection
that ensures objectivity of result. This design is the best way
to examine causal relationships.
b. Quasi-experimental Design
- Quasi (pronounced as kwahz-eye) means partly,
partially, pseudo, or almost.

- Prone to bias caused by your purposive, rather than


random selection of participants , quasi-experimental
design is incapable of establishing cause-effect
relationships.
Experimental Research Design Stages
The true experimental and quasi-experimental designs
follow the same stages in research designing. Their difference
lies only in the participant-selection process, in that the first
is randomized; the second, purposive. (Lapan 2012; Walliman
2014)
1. Clear knowledge of the research objectives
2. Formulation of hypotheses
3. Method of testing your hypotheses or of examining
their validity
4. Choice of which instrument to use in collecting data
5. Process of selecting the subjects
6. Performance of experimentation
7. Collection and analysis of data.
2. Non-Experimental Research Design

-Is a quantitative research design that is capable of


giving qualitative and quantitative data, but more on
qualitative data; hence, this is often used in the field
of social sciences.
Types of Non-Experimental Research Design
1. Descriptive- depicts an image or a picture of an individual
or a group

2.Comparative- states the differences or similarities between


or among people, things, objects, etc.

3.Correlative- shows the extent and direction of variable


relationships, that is, whether a negative or positive
relationship exists between or among them
4.Survey- describes the attitudes, preferences, views, feelings,
and other behavioral patterns of a big number of people for
arriving at a certain conclusion about societal concerns and
issues

5. Ex Post Facto- translates itself into these English words,”


that which is done afterwards” and has the purpose of
deriving data from things that are by nature taking place, so
as to obtain explanations about past events (Litchman 2013,
p.42)

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