Emd 2

 List four applications of knuckle joint

i. Tie rod of roof truss
ii. Link of bicycle chain.
iii. Link of roller chain.
iv. Tie rod of jib crane.
 List any four applications of power screw

Machine Vice 2. power press 3. ) C clamps etc. 4. To raise the load 5. to load specimen

 Define Machine Design

the process of creating new machines or improving existing ones
by applying engineering principles, creativity, and practical
considerations
 Classify bearing
1. depending upon the nature of contact between the working surface ;
1. sliding contact bearings
2. rolling contact bearings
sliding bearings ;
bearings with boundary lubrictation
bearings with extreme boundary lubrication
bearings with hydrostatic lubrication
rolling element rearings ;
ball bearing
roller bearing
needle roller bearing

 Spring stiffness ; its ratio of mean coil diameter to wire diameter c=D/d
 State materials used for helical spring
Common materials for helical springs include various types of steel, stainless steel, copper alloys, and
titanium
 State the significance of Wahl’s correction factor in Design of spring
 A stress factor that is caused by the changes and direct shear in coil curvature is
called Wahl's Factor.

 Give composition of 45Cr20Si2

Alloy Steel Containing 0.45% of carbon , 20% of chromium and 2% of silicon

Q2
 Explain steps involved in general design procedure
1. Recognition of need ; first of all make a complete statement of the problem, indicating
The need,aim or purpose for which the machine is to be designed
2. Synthesis ; select the possible mechanism or group of mechanism which will give the desired
motion
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3. Analysis of forces ; find the forces acting on each number of the machine and the energy
transmitted by each member
4. Material selection ; select the material best suited for each number of the machine
5. Detailed drawing; draw the detailed drawing of each component and the assembly of the
machine with complete specification for the manufacturing processes suggested
 Explain self locking and overhauling property of screw w22
Self Locking Screw; The effort required at the circumference of the screw to lower the load is given
by equation
P = W.tan (ø - α)
T = W.tan (ø - α). (dm/2)
in the above equation, if ø > α (i.e friction angle is greater than helix angle), the torque required to
lower the screw is positive i.e. some effort is required to lower the load, such a screw is known as
self locking.
Over-hauling Screw; The effort required at the circumference of the screw to lower the load is given
by equation
P = W.tan (ø - α)
T = W.tan (ø - α). (dm/2)
In the above equation, if ø < α (i.e friction angle is less than helix angle), the torque required to
lower the screw is negative i.e. load will start moving downward without the application of any
torque. Such condition is known as overhauling of screw.
 Explain construction of leaf spring and state its applications.

Semi-elliptical leaf springs are widely used for suspension in light and heavy commercial vehicle. In
car these are used for rear suspension.
The leaf springs are made of flat semi-elliptical plate.
Thus, leaf spring carry lateral load, brake torque, driving thrust and shocks
It consists of number of semi-elliptical plates called blade or leaves.
The spring is clamped to the axle housing by means of ‘U’ bolts.
Application ;Bus/truck/Car suspension springs, diving board.
 Write strength equations for designing symmetrically loaded parallel and transverse weld with neat
sketch

Strength equation for designing symmetricalloaded parallel and

transverse weld
P= 1.414 x Sw x l1 xϬt + 0.707 x Sw x l2 xϬt

 Define Endurance limit and draw typical S.-N. curve for steel
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The S–N curve is the graphical representation of stress amplitude (Sf ) versus the number of stress
cycles (N) before the fatigue failure on a log-log graph paper.
 State four examples of ergonomics consideration in design of a lathe machine
1 .the design of hand wheel of saddle in lathe machine
2. the design of foot operated lever controls the spindles rotation and direction
3. design of knob for speed control
4. design of chuck key
5. material handing of the job
Ergonomics is necessary ; 1. To increase comfort 2. To increase productivity 3. To
decrease cost 4.to reduce cost 5. To improve the quality of work 6.to increase the
accuracy

Ergonomics consideration in the designing of machine elements ;

A]Ergonomics consideration in control design ;
1. The controlled should be accessible & logically positioned
2. The controlled operation should involved minimum motion
B] Ergonomics consideration in display design ;
1.The height of letters or numbers on display should be greater or equal to reading
distance /200
2. the pointer should have knife edge with mirror to minimize parallax error
C] noise ; vibration isolating material, plug ears and providing sound insulating
D]HUMIDITY AND AIR CIRCULATION ; low humidity may cause through drying of the nose and
throat
Write the meaning of following material designation.
 40C8; : Plain carbon steel carbon 0.4% of average, manganese 0.8%
 (ii) SG 700/2 : spheroidal Graphite cast iron with Min UTS 700N/mm2 and elongation 0.2 %
 (iii) Fe E200 : Steel with yield strength of 200N/mm2
 (iv) X10Cr18Ni9 : high alloy steel carbon 0.10% of average, chromium 18%, Nickel 9%
 ) FeF230; Steel with min.Yield strength of 230N/mm2
 (ii) FG200; a grade of grey cast iron with a minimum tensile strength of 200 MPa (200 N/mm²
 (iii) 35C8 ; steel with 0.35% carbon & 0.8% Manganese.
 (iv) 10C8510

Q 456
 Define stress concentration. Explain any four methods to reduce it with neat sketch.
Such type of discontinuity alters the stress distribution in the vicinity of the discontinuity and
elementary stress equations no longer describe the state of stress in the component.
The stresses induced in the neighbourhood of the discontinuity are much higher than the stresses in
the other part of the component
This concentration of high stresses due to the discontinuities or abrupt change of cross-section is
called stress concentration.
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remedies to reduce stress concentration are as follows:

Fillet radius,undercutting and notch for member in bending.
Reduction of stress concentration in Threaded members
Change in cross-section should be gradual.
By improving surface finish
 Explain selection of ball bearing using manufacturer’s Catalogue

NUMIRICLES
A plate 75 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is to be joined with another plate by single transverse and
parallel fillet weld, Maximum tensile and shear stresses are 70 N/mm2 and 56 N/mm2 respectively.
Find the length of each parallel fillet weld if joint is subjected to 90 kN
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 Compare the weight, strength and stiffness of a hollow shaft of same external diameter as that of
solid shaft. The inside diameter of the hollow shaft is half the external diameter. Both the shafts
have the same material and length.W 22
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 Design helical compression spring for - maximum load of 1000N for deflection of 25 mm using value
of spring index as 5. The maximum permissible shear stress for spring wire is 420 MPa and modulus
of rigidity is 84 kN/mm2 Take Wahl’s factor, K 4c 4 4c 1 c 0.615 = - - + Where c = spring index. W19
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 A hollow transmission shaft having inside diameter 0.6 times outside diameter, is made up of plain
carbon steel 40C8 & having permissible shear stress equal to 65 MPa. A belt pulley, 1000 mm in
diameter is mounted on a shaft, which overhangs the left hand bearing by 250 mm. The belt are
vertical power transmit to the machine shaft below the pulley. The tension on tight & slack side of
belt are 3 kN& 1 kN respectively, while weight of pulley is 500 N. The angle of rap of the belt on
pulley is 180°. Calculate outside & inside diameter of shaft. W19 W24

or improving existing ones by applying

of creating new machines
engineering principles, creativity, and practical considerations
the process of creating new machines or improving existing ones
by applying engineering principles, creativity, and practical
considerations