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Discrete time signal processing 3rd ed Edition Buck
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Buck, John R.;Oppenheim, Alan V.;Schafer, Ronald W
ISBN(s): 9780131988422, 0131988425
Edition: 3rd ed
File Details: PDF, 11.88 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english
THIRD EDITION
Discrete-Time
Signal
Processing
Alan V. Oppenheim
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ronald W. Schafer
Hewlett-Packard Laboratories
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the
appropriate page within the text.
LabVIEW is a registered trademark of National Instruments, 11500 N Mopac Expwy, Austin, TX 78759-3504.
Mathematica is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc., 100 Trade Center Drive, Champaign, IL 61820-7237.
MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098.
© 2010, 1999, 1989 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the
United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permissions should be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use materials from this work, please submit a written request to
Pearson Higher Education, Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those
designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial
caps or all caps.
The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development,
research, and testing of theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any
kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher
shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of
these programs.
Pearson Education Ltd., London
Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd.
Pearson Education Canada, Inc., Toronto
Pearson Education–Japan, Tokyo
Pearson Education Australia Pty. Ltd., Sydney
Pearson Education North Asia Ltd., Hong Kong
Pearson Education de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd.
Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-198842-2
ISBN-10: 0-13-198842-5
To Phyllis, Justine, and Jason
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xxvi
1 Introduction 1
3 The z-Transform 99
3.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.1 z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.2 Properties of the ROC for the z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
3.3 The Inverse z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.3.1 Inspection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.3.2 Partial Fraction Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.3.3 Power Series Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.4 z-Transform Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3.4.1 Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3.4.2 Time Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
3.4.3 Multiplication by an Exponential Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . 126
3.4.4 Differentiation of X(z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.4.5 Conjugation of a Complex Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.4.6 Time Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.4.7 Convolution of Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.4.8 Summary of Some z-Transform Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.5 z-Transforms and LTI Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.6 The Unilateral z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Bibliography 1082
Index 1091
This page intentionally left blank
Preface
While the field continued to advance in both theory and applications, the under-
lying fundamentals remained largely the same, albeit with a refinement of emphasis,
understanding and pedagogy. Consequently, the Second Edition of Discrete-Time Sig-
nal Processing was published in 1999. That new edition was a major revision, with the
intent of making the subject of discrete-time signal processing even more accessible to
students and practicing engineers, without compromising on the coverage of what we
considered to be the essential concepts that define the field.
This third edition of Discrete-Time Signal Processing is a major revision of our
Second Edition. The new edition is in response to changes in the way the subject is
taught and to changes in scope of typical courses at the undergraduate and first-year
graduate level. It continues the tradition of emphasizing the accessibility of the topics
to students and practicing engineers and focusing on the fundamental principles with
broad applicability. A major feature of the new edition is the incorporation and expan-
sion of some of the more advanced topics, the understanding of which are now essential
in order to work effectively in the field. Every chapter of the second edition has under-
gone significant review and changes, one entirely new chapter has been added, and one
chapter has been restored and significantly up-dated from the first edition. With this
third edition, a closely integrated and highly interactive companion web site has been
developed by Professors Mark Yoder and Wayne Padgett of Rose-Hulman Institute of
Technology. A more complete discussion of the website is given in the website overview
section following this Preface.
As we have continued to teach the subject over the ten years since the second
edition, we have routinely created new problems for homework assignments and ex-
ams. Consistent with the importance that we have always placed on well constructed
examples and homework problems, we have selected over 130 of the best of these to be
included in the third edition, which now contains a total of more than 700 homework
problems overall. The homework problems from the second edition that do not appear
in this new edition are available on the companion web site.
As in the earlier generations of this text, it is assumed that the reader has a
background of advanced calculus, along with a good understanding of the elements
of complex numbers and complex variables. A background in linear system theory for
continuous-time signals, including Laplace and Fourier transforms, as taught in most
undergraduate electrical and mechanical engineering curricula, remains a basic pre-
requisite. It is also now common in most undergraduate curricula to include an early
exposure to discrete-time signals and systems, discrete-time Fourier transforms and
discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals.
Our experience in teaching discrete-time signal processing at the advanced under-
graduate level and the graduate level confirms that it is essential to begin with a careful
review of these topics so that students move on to the more advanced topics from a solid
base of understanding and a familiarity with a consistent notational framework that is
used throughout the course and the accompanying textbook. Most typically in a first
exposure to discrete-time signal processing in early undergraduate courses, students
learn to carry out many of the mathematical manipulations, but it is in revisiting the
topics that they learn to reason more deeply with the underlying concepts. Therefore in
this edition we retain the coverage of these fundamentals in the first five chapters, en-
hanced with new examples and expanded discussion. In later sections of some chapters,
Preface xvii
some topics such as quantization noise are included that assume a basic background in
random signals. A brief review of the essential background for these sections is included
in Chapter 2 and in Appendix A.
An important major change in DSP education that has occurred in the past decade
or so is the widespread use of sophisticated software packages such as MATLAB, Lab-
VIEW, and Mathematica to provide an interactive, “hands-on” experience for students.
The accessibility and ease of use of these software packages provide the opportunity
to connect the concepts and mathematics that are the basis for discrete-time signal
processing, to applications involving real signals and real-time systems. These software
packages are well documented, have excellent technical support, and have excellent
user interfaces. These make them easily accessible to students without becoming a dis-
traction from the goal of developing insight into and intuition about the fundamentals.
It is now common in many signal processing courses to include projects and exercises to
be done using one or several of the available software packages. Of course, this needs to
be done carefully in order to maximize the benefit to student learning by emphasizing
experimentation with the concepts, parameters, and so on, rather than simple cookbook
exercises. It is particularly exciting that with one of these powerful software packages
installed, every student’s laptop computer becomes a state-of-the-art laboratory for
experimenting with discrete-time signal processing concepts and systems.
As teachers, we have consistently looked for the best way to use computer re-
sources to improve the learning environment for our students. We continue to believe
in textbooks as the best way to encapsulate knowledge in the most convenient and stable
form. Textbooks necessarily evolve on a relatively slow time scale. This ensures a certain
stability and provides the time to sort through developments in the field and to test ways
of presenting new ideas to students. On the other hand, changes in computer software
and hardware technology are on a much faster time scale. Software revisions often occur
semi-annually, and hardware speeds continue to increase yearly. This, together with the
availability of the world-wide-web, provides the opportunity to more frequently update
the interactive and experimental components of the learning environment. For these
reasons, providing separate environments for the basic mathematics and basic concepts
in the form of the textbook and the hands-on interactive experience primarily through
the world-wide-web seems to be a natural path.
With these thoughts in mind, we have created this third edition of Discrete-Time
Signal Processing, incorporating what we believe to be the fundamental mathematics
and concepts of discrete-time signal processing and with tight coupling to a companion
website created by our colleagues Mark Yoder and Wayne Padgett of Rose-Hulman
Institute of Technology. The website contains a variety of interactive and software re-
sources for learning that both reinforce and expand the impact of the text. This website
is described in more detail in the introductory section following this Preface. It is de-
signed to be dynamic and continually changing to rapidly incorporate new resources
developed by the authors of the text and by the website authors. The website will be
sensitive to the continually changing hardware and software environments that serve
as the platform for visualization of abstract concepts and experimentation with real
signal processing problems. We are excited by the virtually limitless potential for this
companion website environment to significantly improve our ability to teach and our
students’ ability to learn the subject of discrete-time signal processing.
xviii Preface
The material in this book is organized in a way that provides considerable flexi-
bility in its use at both the undergraduate and graduate level. A typical one-semester
undergraduate elective might cover in depth Chapter 2, Sections 2.0–2.9; Chapter 3;
Chapter 4, Sections 4.0–4.6; Chapter 5, Sections 5.0–5.3; Chapter 6, Sections 6.0–6.5;
and Chapter 7, Sections 7.0–7.3 and a brief overview of Sections 7.4–7.6. If students
have studied discrete-time signals and systems in a previous signals and systems course,
it would be possible to move more quickly through the material of Chapters 2, 3, and 4,
thus freeing time for covering Chapter 8. A first-year graduate course or senior elective
could augment the above topics with the remaining topics in Chapter 5, a discussion of
multirate signal processing (Section 4.7), an exposure to some of the quantization issues
introduced in Section 4.8, and perhaps an introduction to noise shaping in A/D and D/A
converters as discussed in Section 4.9. A first-year graduate course should also include
exposure to some of the quantization issues addressed in Sections 6.6–6.9, a discussion
of optimal FIR filters as incorporated in Sections 7.7–7.9, and a thorough treatment of
the discrete Fourier transform (Chapter 8) and its computation using the FFT (Chapter
9). The discussion of the DFT can be effectively augmented with many of the examples
in Chapter 10. In a two-semester graduate course, the entire text including the new chap-
ters on parametric signal modeling (Chapter 11) and the cepstrum (Chapter 13) can be
covered along with a number of additional advanced topics. In all cases, the homework
problems at the end of each chapter can be worked with or without the aid of a com-
puter, and problems and projects from the website can be assigned to strengthen the
connection between theory and computer implementation of signal processing systems.
We conclude this Preface with a summary of chapter contents highlighting the
significant changes in the third edition.
In Chapter 2, we introduce the basic class of discrete-time signals and systems and
define basic system properties such as linearity, time invariance, stability, and causality.
The primary focus of the book is on linear time-invariant systems because of the rich
set of tools available for designing and analyzing this class of systems. In particular, in
Chapter 2 we develop the time-domain representation of linear time-invariant systems
through the convolution sum and discuss the class of linear time-invariant systems repre-
sented by linear constant-coefficient difference equations. In Chapter 6, we develop this
class of systems in considerably more detail. Also in Chapter 2 we discuss the frequency-
domain representation of discrete-time signals and systems through the discrete-time
Fourier transform. The primary focus in Chapter 2 is on the representation of sequences
in terms of the discrete-time Fourier transform, i.e., as a linear combination of complex
exponentials, and the development of the basic properties of the discrete-time Fourier
transform.
In Chapter 3, we develop the z-transform as a generalization of the Fourier trans-
form. This chapter focuses on developing the basic theorems and properties of the
z-transform and the development of the partial fraction expansion method for the in-
verse transform operation. A new section on the unilateral z-transform has been added
in this edition. In Chapter 5, the results developed in Chapters 2 and 3 are used exten-
sively in a detailed discussion of the representation and analysis of linear time-invariant
systems. While the material in Chapters 2 and 3 might be review for many students, most
introductory signals and systems courses will not contain either the depth or breadth
of coverage of these chapters. Furthermore, these chapters establish notation that will
Preface xix
be used throughout the text. Thus, we recommend that Chapters 2 and 3 be studied as
carefully as is necessary for students to feel confident of their grasp of the fundamentals
of discrete-time signals and systems.
Chapter 4 is a detailed discussion of the relationship between continuous-time and
discrete-time signals when the discrete-time signals are obtained through periodic sam-
pling of continuous-time signals. This includes a development of the Nyquist sampling
theorem. In addition, we discuss upsampling and downsampling of discrete-time sig-
nals, as used, for example, in multirate signal processing systems and for sampling rate
conversion. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some of the practical issues en-
countered in conversion from continuous time to discrete time including prefiltering to
avoid aliasing, modeling the effects of amplitude quantization when the discrete-time
signals are represented digitally, and the use of oversampling in simplifying the A/D
and D/A conversion processes. This third edition includes new examples of quantiza-
tion noise simulations, a new discussion of interpolation filters derived from splines, and
new discussions of multi-stage interpolation and two-channel multi-rate filter banks.
In Chapter 5 we apply the concepts developed in the previous chapters to a de-
tailed study of the properties of linear time-invariant systems. We define the class of
ideal, frequency-selective filters and develop the system function and pole-zero rep-
resentation for systems described by linear constant-coefficient difference equations,
a class of systems whose implementation is considered in detail in Chapter 6. Also in
Chapter 5, we define and discuss group delay, phase response and phase distortion,
and the relationships between the magnitude response and the phase response of sys-
tems, including a discussion of minimum-phase, allpass, and generalized linear phase
systems. Third edition changes include a new example of the effects of group delay and
attenuation, which is also available on the website for interactive experimentation.
In Chapter 6, we focus specifically on systems described by linear constant-
coefficient difference equations and develop their representation in terms of block dia-
grams and linear signal flow graphs. Much of this chapter is concerned with developing
a variety of the important system structures and comparing some of their properties.
The importance of this discussion and the variety of filter structures relate to the fact
that in a practical implementation of a discrete-time system, the effects of coefficient
inaccuracies and arithmetic error can be very dependent on the specific structure used.
While these basic issues are similar for digital and discrete-time analog implementations,
we illustrate them in this chapter in the context of a digital implementation through a
discussion of the effects of coefficient quantization and arithmetic roundoff noise for
digital filters. A new section provides a detailed discussion of FIR and IIR lattice fil-
ters for implementing linear constant-coefficient difference equations. As discussed in
Chapter 6 and later in Chapter 11, this class of filter structures has become extremely
important in many applications because of their desirable properties. It is common in
discussions of lattice filters in many texts and papers to tie their importance intimately to
linear prediction analysis and signal modeling. However the importance of using lattice
implementations of FIR and IIR filters is independent of how the difference equation to
be implemented is obtained. For example the difference equation might have resulted
from the use of filter design techniques as discussed in Chapter 7, the use of parametric
signal modeling as discussed in Chapter 11 or any of a variety of other ways in which a
difference equation to be implemented arises.
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
91 (pag. 195).
Ha no Brasil um sapo de grande tamanho, a que se deo o nome
de «sapo boi.»
Claudio d’Abbeville diz—«n’aquelle paiz encontram-se uns sapos
muito grandes a que chamam cururu. Alguns ha que tem mais de
um pé ou pé e meio de diametro: quando são esfolados, é
impossivel dizer-se quam branca é a sua carne, e como são bons
para comer-se. Vi alguns fidalgos francezes comel-a com apetite.
92 (pag. 203).
Mui visivelmente falla-se aqui da lenda brasileira relativa a Sumé,
o legislador dos Tupys.
No curioso opusculo, que a respeito d’este personagem publicou o
Sr. Adolpho de Varnhagem, conta a sua chegada á Ilha do
Maranhão, e como desappareceo na occasião, em que se
preparavam todos para sacrifical-o.
A palavra—Maratá—nos põe em embaraços, pois debalde a
procuramos em Ruiz de Montoya: é alteração da palavra Mair ou
Maïr, tantas vezes empregada por Lery e Thevèt, para mostrar ou
indicar um estrangeiro, ou uma pessoa extraordinaria. Não podemos
dar uma resposta satisfatoria. O Sumé, que propaga a cultura da
mandióca, é barbado.
Diz-se com razão ser personagem analoga a Manco Capac dos
peruanos, e ao Quetzalcoalt dos Azetecas, e ao Zamma da America
Central. (Vide Adolpho de Varnhagem, Historia geral do Brasil. T. 1º
pag. 136, e Sumé. Lenda mytho-religiosa americana etc. agora
traduzida por um Paulista de Sorocaba. Madrid, 1855, broch. in 8 de
39 pag.)
93 (pag. 205).
O verbo cantar na linguagem tupy é Nheengar. Um Nheengaçara
é um cantor propriamente dito.
94 (pag. 220).
Parecerá estranho ao leitor serem os francezes comparados n’este
lugar aos Caraibas.
Os que lerem com attenção as obras de Humboldt acharão a
chave d’este enigma. Os Caraibas do continente americano, nação
immensa, eram notaveis em toda a America pelo seo valor e
penetração. Seos piayas, ou antes seos feiticeiros os elevavam acima
de todas as outras nações: eram no Novo Mundo o mesmo que os
Chaldeos no velho. Simão de Vasconcellos nos dá a prova d’esta
supremacia intellectual: no sul do Brasil os Caraibe-bébé, eram
feiticeiros ou advinhadores notaveis: assim se chamavam os homens
intelligentes, os espiritos, e os anjos, e depois tambem os
estrangeiros. O Sr. Adolpho de Varnhagem fez notar, que o nome de
Carayba foi em seo principio dado aos Europeos, sendo todos os
Christãos assim chamados. (Historia geral, pag. 312.)
95 (pag. 220).
Um Caramémo é que se chama em Guyana um Pagará, isto é, um
paneiro leve, feito com folhas de certa palmeira e ás vezes com
bonita forma.
Claudio d’Abbeville assim tambem o chama, quando descreveo os
utensilios de uma casa indigena. Barrère fez desenhar este lindo
Specimen.
96 (pag. 226).
Ivo d’Evreux, familiarisado com todos os symbolos em voga no
seo tempo, não se esqueceo de uma graciosa alegoria na qual figura
o Unicornio. Vide Le Monde enchantée, e especialmente a
dissertação intitulada Revue de l’histoire de la Licorne par un
naturaliste de Montpellier. (P. J. Amoreu.) Montpellier Durville, 1818,
em 8.º 47 pags.
97 (pag. 239).
É sabido ser esse o nome, que aos portuguezes davam os
Tupinambás.
Pero quer dizer cão na lingua de Camões, mas suppõe-se que o
nome—Pedro—muito usado no Brazil, provinha de tão estranha
designação.
Ayres Casal conta até á este respeito uma historiasinha,
recorrendo á tradicção, de como um serralheiro, chamado Pedro,
fôra arremeçado pelas ondas, após um naufragio, ás praias do
Maranhão. Graças a sua habilidade no trabalho do ferro fez-se este
homem agradavel aos indios, e seo nome com pequena modificação
servio d’ahi em diante para fazer conhecidos os individuos, que se
julgavam ser da sua raça.
Em sua Corographia o Dr. Mello Moraes escreveo esta legenda
muito mais completa.
98 (pag. 242).
Não se tem procurado esclarecer por meio de uma discussão
grammatical—esta parte do livro.
Differenças mui sensiveis, produzidas pelo tempo e sobre tudo
pela pronuncia, fizeram este lugar para assim dizer indicifravel. Nada
é mais dificil do que traduzir pelos caracteres da nossa escripta os
sons das linguas indigenas. Essas inflexões tão delicadas, e as vezes
tão fugitivas, em sua apparente rudeza são dificultosamente ffixadas
no papel. Notou Humboldt pertencerem ellas algumas vezes á certos
caracteres physicos das raças.
As nações européas, as mais habituadas á estes estudos, não
percebiam da mesma fórma os sons, e nem os escreviam da mesma
maneira: quando os portuguezes ouvem Oca, por exemplo, ou então
Toba, o francez percebe Oc e Tob, e quando aquelle ouve
Murubixaba este percebe Muruvichave. Deixa a differença de ser
grande quando são as palavras pronunciadas conforme o genio de
cada lingua.
A palavra Tupinambás, como se acha escripta no principio d’esta
nota, (Tobinambos) equivale absolutamente pelo som na lingua
portuguesa á palavra Tupinambus, como a pronunciavam os
contemporaneos de Malherbe.
Para a historia da linguistica não é sem interesse esta curta
doutrina christã, podendo ser comparada com certas obras do
mesmo genero, escriptas por penna portuguesa, estando n’este
caso, entre outras, os canticos religiosos em lingua tupy por
Christovão Valente, os quaes incluí no opusculo—Une fête
brésilienne. Pariz. Techener, 1850.
Não se póde achar o livro que os contem, e talvez só exista na
Bibliotheca Imperial.
Reproduzimos aqui seo nome—Cathecismo brasilico da doutrina
christã, com o ceremonial dos sacramentos e mais actos parochiaes.
Composto por padres doutos da Companhia de Jesus, aperfeiçoado
e dado á luz pelo padre Antonio de Araujo da mesma Companhia,
emendado nesta segunda impressão pelo padre Bertholomeu de
Lean da mesma Companhia, Lisboa, na officina de Miguel Deslandes
1861, em 8.º pequeno. A primeira edicção foi em 1618.
Si se quizesse, poder-se-ía completar este estudo comparativo
procurando os seguintes manuscriptos, citados por Barbosa
Machado, e que seria coisa curiosa si fossem publicados.
Ludewig os ommittio em seo importante trabalho, completado por
Mr. Trubener. O Padre João de Jesus explicação dos mysterios da fé.
O Padre Manoel da Veiga Cathecismo. F. Pedro de Santa Rosa
Confessionario. André Thevèt nos seos manuscriptos conservados na
Bibliotheca Imperial de Pariz, dá o Pater e o Credo em lingua tupy,
depois reproduzidos em sua grande Cosmographia. São preciosos
estes dois documentos especialmente por sua antiguidade, pois
datam de 1556.
Entre os livros d’este genero um dos mais modernos e dos mais
curiosos é o do Padre Marcos Antonio, intitulado: Doutrina e
perguntas dos mysterios principaes de nossa santa fé na lingua
Brasila. Foi composto em 1750 e Ludewig menciona-o como fazendo
parte das collecções do British Museum.
99 (pag. 250).
Lery ja tinha asseverado o effeito, que faz nos indios o canto
melancolico do Macauhan. A crença nos mensageiros das almas, nos
passaros propheticos ainda não se extinguio de todo, pois ainda
existe na poderosa nação dos Guayacurus, depois de haver exercido
antigamente sua poderosa influencia em todas as tribus dos Tupys,
porem o padre Ivo deo-lhe extensão que nunca teve, visivel
alteração nas antigas ideias mythologicas.
O nome d’este passaro respeitado é escripto em portuguez
Acaúan, e tambem Macauan: nutre-se de reptis, e não tem esse
aspecto sinistro, que lhe dá o nosso bom Missionario.
Tem a cabeça muito grossa em relação ao corpo, é côr de cinza, o
peito e o ventre vermelhos, azas e cauda negras com pintas
brancas. Pensa hoje em dia a maior parte dos indios, que a missão
deste passaro é annunciar-lhe a chegada de algum hospede.
Consulte-se sobre o Acaúan, Accioli, Corographia Paraense, e
Gonçalves Dias, Diccionario da lingua Tupy. Martius na palavra
Oacaoam diz ser o Macagua de Felix de Azara. Falco
(herpethocheres).
FIM.
NOTAS
[BG] Consulte-se a respeito de todos estes assumptos o meo
Diccionario historico e geographico do Maranhão. Iria longe se eu
quizesse acompanhar parí passu esta publicação, onde não
poucas vezes foi illudida a bôa fé de Mr. Ferdinand Diniz.—Do
traductor.
[BH] Outro engano. Aqui não se conhece esta dóca.—Do
traductor.
[BI] 40 leguas? Não, e sim 4 leguas. Vide art. Alcantara no meo
Diccionario.—Do traductor.
[BJ] É engano. O major Fidié não foi vencido, e sim capitulou
honrosamente em 1.º de Agosto de 1823. (Vide Historia da
Independencia do Maranhão (1822 a 1823) pelo Dr. Luiz Antonio
Vieira da Silva, hoje Senador do Imperio, pag. 109 a 127.)—Do
traductor.
[BK] Mr. Ferdinand Diniz foi illudido por escriptos politicos,
embora habilmente manejados porem sempre com paixão.
Não foi o Conselheiro Furtado a quem se deve esse estado de
paz, e sim a outro cidadão como ja disse no meo Diccionario
neste trecho que para aqui transcrevo.
—Durou este triste e lamentavel estado de ferocidade ou
dezespero até o tempo, em que o fallescido Dr. Eduardo Olympio
Machado perante os escolhidos da Provincia em 1851 recitou
estas palavras:
«A febre homicida, que ía lavrando pelo municipio de Caxias,
tem feito, vae para tres mezes, prolongada remissão. E qual o
reagente que conseguio acalmar seos lugubres accessos? A
energia e actividade do actual delegado de policia o Dr. João de
Carvalho Fernandes Vieira, o qual, formando culpa aos
delinquentes, perseguindo-os com incansavel zelo, devassando as
casas de certos individuos, que até então contavam, senão com
acquiescencia, com o silencio da auctoridade publica, tem
conseguido restituir á tranquilidade o districto de sua
jurisdicção.»
Foram estes valiosos e importantes serviços apreciados pelo
Governo Central, pois mandou por mais de um Aviso louvar o Dr.
João de Carvalho.
D’ahi a poucos annos houve quem intentasse arrancar esses
louros da fronte do energico e activo ex-juiz municipal e delegado
de policia de Caxias para offerecer a outro, que nada fez, não
cuidando da historia que tudo registra e a todos faz justiça!
Esta acção, por demais injusta, nos faz lembrar estes versos do
poeta de Mantua:
Do traductor.
[BL] É injustiça confundir-se nesta censura o Convento do
Carmo, graças ao zelo do seo benemerito Provincial o Revd. Frei
Caetano de Santa Rita Serejo.—Do traductor.
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