BAHR DAR UNIVERSITY

BAHR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTEMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COURSE TITLE
FUNDAMENTAL OF ARCHITECTURE
(Course Number: CEng2073)
Prepared by: Abebaw. G
April. 2025
❖ Chapter CHAPTER - THREE
contents;

3. Design Process
3.1. Pre-design stage
3.2. Concept development
3.3 . Design
3.4. Design refinement and final design stages
Design Process
➢is a systematic approach to problem-solving and creation, often
involving stages like empathizing, defining, ideating,
prototyping, and testing.

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Architectural Pre-design Stage
➢ is a critical phase in the architecture and building design process.
➢ involves gathering information, analyzing requirements, and setting the
framework for the subsequent design phases.

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Pre-design Phase
❖ Project Definition
➢ Goal Setting: Clearly articulate the objectives and goals
of the architectural project.
➢ This includes understanding the purpose of the building
(e.g., Residential, Commercial, Institutional).
❖ Stakeholder Identification: Identify all stakeholders,
including clients, users, contractors, and regulatory bodies.
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Client and User Research
•Interviews and Surveys: Conduct discussions with the client
and potential users to understand their needs, expectations, and
preferences.

•Demographic Studies: Gather information on the demographics

of future users that may influence the design.

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Site Analysis
•Location Evaluation: Assess the physical site where the
project will be developed, including topography, climate, and
surrounding environment.
•Zoning and Regulations: Review local zoning laws, building
codes, and regulations that may affect the design and use of
the site.
•Access and Infrastructure: Examine accessibility options
such as roads, public transport, utilities, and existing
infrastructure.

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 3.2. Concept Development
➢ Architectural concept development is a dynamic and iterative
process that lays the groundwork for successful architectural
projects.
➢ By deeply understanding client needs, site conditions, and design
inspiration, architects can create innovative and meaningful spaces
that resonate with users and enhance the built environment.
➢ Generating initial design concepts based on the project brief and site
analysis. This includes sketches, diagrams, and basic layouts.
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1. Bio-mimicry | Architecture Concepts

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2. Public and private | Concept For Architecture

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3. Light | Concept in Architecture

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4. Abstract idea | Architecture Concepts

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5. Sensory perception

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6. Symmetry | Architectural Concepts

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8. Form and volume | Concept in Architecture

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 3.3.Design

❖ Is drawing or set of drawings showing how a building or product is

to be made and how it will work and look:

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 BUBBLE DIAGRAM

❖ is a freehand diagram made by architects and interior designers at the

preliminary phase of the design process.
❖ The main purpose of a bubble diagram is to graphically demonstrate the
program, or a list that itemizes the spaces that must take place in the
building.

Sample bubble diagram 17

❖ Bubble diagrams can be used to compare concepts and identify areas of
similarity and difference.
❖ Concept Draw DIAGRAM allows you to make an
MS PowerPoint Presentation from your charts in a few simple steps.
❖ A bubble diagram is a chart that represents information visually in the
form of a series of bubbles.

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Schematic Programming
•Space Requirements: Determine the types and sizes of spaces needed within
the building. This includes defining the relationships between different areas.
•Functional Requirements: Outline how the spaces will be used and how they
should be organized for efficiency and usability.

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 Schematic Design
❖ is a vital step in the architectural design process that transforms
conceptual ideas into preliminary designs.
❖ By developing floor plans, visualizing spatial relationships, and
engaging with clients, architects create a roadmap for the project
that guides subsequent design phases.

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Schematic Design (SD)
➢ Schematic Design is the first phase of design.
➢ Architects generate design drawings,
➢ Create conceptual construction drawings,
➢ and research about the permissions, licenses, and permits required for
construction.
➢ It will account for approximately 15% of the architect’s work and therefore
the fees on the entire project as well.
➢ The architect establishes the size, location, and relationships between all the
spaces.

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➢ The basic goal of schematic design is to develop the shape and size
of the building with some basic design.
➢ We develop the general plan and basic exterior design in Schematic
design.

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Sample architectural design process from
Bubble diagrams up to schematic design
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Sample of schematic design
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 3.4. Design Refinement And Final Design Stages
❖ The design refinement and final design stages are essential
for transitioning from conceptual designs to fully detailed
construction documents.
❖ Through an iterative process that involves feedback,
collaboration, and precision, architects create a clear blueprint
for successful project implementation.

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Importance of Design Refinement and Final Design Stages
•Clarity and Precision: These stages ensure that the design is clear
and precise, providing all the necessary information for construction
and reducing the potential for errors.
•Collaboration: Continuous collaboration with clients, consultants,
and contractors fosters a shared understanding and helps align
expectations throughout the design process.
•Quality Assurance: The detailed design process improves the
overall quality of the final outcome, ensuring that it meets aesthetic,
functional, and regulatory standards.
•Risk Mitigation: Addressing potential issues early in the design
stages reduces the likelihood of costly changes or delays during
construction.
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Budget and Schedule Assessment
➢ Cost Estimation: Develop a preliminary budget that estimates overall costs,
including construction, materials, and long-term maintenance.
➢ Timeline Planning: Establish key milestones and deadlines for the project,
from pre-design through construction and completion.

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 Assignment 3
1. Gather information about Residential Building

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