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GEC108 Chapter1 S-T Definition

The document defines science as the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation, and technology as the application of scientific understanding to solve practical problems. It discusses the interrelationship between science and technology, highlighting six ways science contributes to technology and two ways technology contributes to science. Additionally, it outlines the role of science and technology in society, emphasizing their impact on development and quality of life.

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10 views21 pages

GEC108 Chapter1 S-T Definition

The document defines science as the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation, and technology as the application of scientific understanding to solve practical problems. It discusses the interrelationship between science and technology, highlighting six ways science contributes to technology and two ways technology contributes to science. Additionally, it outlines the role of science and technology in society, emphasizing their impact on development and quality of life.

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pongasi.ms172
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Chapter 1:

Defining Science,
Technology, and Society
WHAT IS SCIENCE?

•A way to understand nature


•Discovering new things
•Learning new facts
•Solving problems

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=
0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=scien
ce+cartoon+images&imgrc=pl2P7ZVhw71-bM:
WHAT IS SCIENCE?

• Solving problems
(scientific method)

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=
0ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=scien
ce+cartoon+images&imgrc=pl2P7ZVhw71-bM:
Science is the intellectual and practical activity
encompassing the systematic study of the structure
and behavior of the physical and natural world
through observation and experiment
- Oxford dictionary
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0
ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=technol
ogy&imgrc=62wfRSqF1RgKtM:
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
•A way to manage and
modify the natural world.

•Creating or inventing
things

•Things that fulfill our needs


and desires or perform
certain functions

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=science+definition&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0
ahUKEwjPmKTR_tfTAhUIx7wKHYmdBcgQ_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=645&dpr=1#tbm=isch&q=technol
ogy&imgrc=62wfRSqF1RgKtM:
Technology is the
application of
understanding of
natural laws to the
solution of practical
problems
HOW ARE SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY RELATED?
SIX (6) WAYS THAT SCIENCE
CONTRIBUTES TO TECHNOLOGY*
1. Science can be a direct source of new technological ideas.
For instance, the following scientific discoveries led to new
technologies:

Discovery in Science New Technology

Uranium fission Nuclear power, Atomic bomb

X-rays X-ray machine

Semiconductors Transistors

*Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
SIX (6) WAYS THAT SCIENCE
CONTRIBUTES TO TECHNOLOGY*

2. Science can be a source of engineering design tools and


techniques. Theoretical prediction, modeling, and simulation
of large systems are carried out as basic scientific research
to aid in the empirical testing of a particular technology. The
results gathered in these tests are then employed to enhance
design and/or improve the techniques involved.

*Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
SCIENCE CONTRIBUTES TO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6 WAYS:

3. Instrumentation, laboratory techniques, and analytical


methods used in basic research can eventually find their way
into design and industrial practices. For example,
superconducting magnets were originally developed for cloud
chamber observations in particle physics. Then, scientists realized
that the instrumentation and techniques they are using can be
used and commercialized for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
in medicine.

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
SCIENCE CONTRIBUTES TO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6 WAYS:

4. Development of human skills can eventually become useful


for advancing technology. Accordingly, academic research
imparts research skills to graduate students and other
advanced trainees, which they can take with them to tackle
technological problems that they may face later. For
instance, nuclear physicists were able to develop and
improve solid state devices even if it was not their field of
expertise.

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
SCIENCE CONTRIBUTES TO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6 WAYS:
5. Creation of a knowledge base that becomes increasingly
important in the assessment of technology in terms of its wider
social and environmental impacts. For example, the
manufacture of a new chemical may involve disposal of wastes
which require knowledge of the groundwater hydrology of the
manufacturing site.

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
SCIENCE CONTRIBUTES TO
TECHNOLOGY IN AT LEAST 6 WAYS:
6. Science can be a source of development strategy to refine
new technologies. Accordingly, the planning of the most
efficient strategy of technological development is often quite
dependent on science from many fields. This accumulated stock
of existing scientific knowledge helps to avoid wasteful
development expenditures.

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
TWO (2) WAYS THAT TECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTES TO SCIENCE
1. Technology can be a source of new scientific knowledge.
Problems arising in industrial development are frequently a rich
source of challenging basic science problems. For instance, due
to technological advancement in semiconductor devices, a new
interdisciplinary field of academic research called materials
science was created.

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
TWO (2) WAYS THAT TECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTES TO SCIENCE
2. Technology can be a source of otherwise unavailable
instrumentation and techniques needed to address novel and
more difficult scientific questions more efficiently. A very good
example of this is the development of space technology,
which revolutionized the sciences of cosmology and
astrophysics.

Brooks, H. The Relationship between science and technology. Elsevier Science. 1994. 477-486.
WHAT IS SOCIETY?

✔ A group of individuals involved in continual social


interactions
✔ Shares a common language, culture, and geographical
territory
✔ Members of a society live together for mutual benefit
✔ The patterns of behavior and action of the members are
based on the society’s identity and culture
WHAT IS STS?

✔ Study of how society influences the development of science


and technology, and how scientific research and
technological innovation affect society.

✔ Deals with how science and technology shape and are


shaped by cultural, economic, political, and social contexts.
ROLES OF S&T?
✔ S&T change the way people live, communicate, and transact;
✔ S&T are key drivers to development because scientific and
technological revolutions strengthen economic advances,
improvements in health, education, and infrastructure;
✔ S&T have the ability to improve the lives of poor people in
developing countries through breakthroughs in health services
and education; and
✔ S&T are engine of growth and provide solutions to many
problems such as in health aspects, availability of healthy food
and safe drinking water, and infrastructure.
REFERENCES

Bridgstack, M. & Burch, D. (2003). Science, Technology and


Society: An Introduction. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Brooks, H. (1994). The relationship between science and
technology. Research Policy 23 (5) 477-486.
Chetty, L. (2012). The Role of Science and Technology in the
Developing World in the 21st Century. Ethical Technology.
ACTIVITY 2: REFLECTION

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