Introduction to Engineering Design

Semester 1 Midterm
Study Guide

Knowledge Section (40 questions, 40 points)

Performance Section (60 points)

Lesson 1.1 Design Basics - 12%

● K1 –Identify the steps in an engineering design process and describe the

activities involved in each step of the process.

● K3 – Identify and describe a variety of brainstorming techniques and rules for

brainstorming.
 ● S16–Write a design brief to communicate the problem, problem constraints,
and solution criteria.

Design Brief Example

● S3 – Utilize an engineering notebook to clearly and accurately document the

design process according to accepted standards and protocols to prove the
origin and chronology of a design.
Be able to identify what are proper engineering notebook entries and documentation
Lesson 1.2 Visualization and 3D Modeling - 38%

● K1 – Identify line types (including construction lines, object lines, hidden lines,
and center lines) used on a technical drawing per ANSI Line Conventions and
Lettering Y14.2M-2008 and explain the purpose of each line.
Center Line - A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts.

Construction Line - lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes.

Dimension Line - A line which represents distance.

Extension Line - Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops.

Hidden Line - A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible.

Leader Line - Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail.

Object Line - A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object.
● K2 – Identify and define technical drawing representations such as isometric
and orthographic projection (multiview drawings).
Tonal shading enhances the visual appearance of a 3D sketch (pictorial)

Isometric Sketch Isometric Sketch with Tonal Shading

 Multiview Sketch

● S5 – Hand sketch orthographic projections at a given scale and in the correct

orientation to fully detail an object or part using the actual object, a detailed
verbal description of the object, or a pictorial and isometric view of the object.
● S6 – Determine the minimum number and types of views necessary to fully
detail a part.

● S7 – Choose and justify the choice for the best orthographic projection of an
object to use as a front view on technical drawings.
 ● K3 – Identify general rules for dimensioning on technical drawings used in
standard engineering practice.
The dimensioning flowchart will be allowed to be used on the exam.

● S5 – Dimension orthographic projections of simple objects or parts according to

a set of dimensioning standards and accepted practices.
 ● S6 – Identify and correct errors and omissions in the dimensions applied in a
technical drawing based on accepted practice and a set of dimensioning rules.

Lesson 1.3 CAD Fundamentals - 38%

● S1 – Measure linear distances (including length, inside diameter, and hole

depth) with accuracy using a scale, ruler, or dial caliper and report the
measurement using an appropriate level of precision.
 ● S2 – Create three-dimensional solid models of parts within CAD from sketches
or dimensioned drawings using appropriate geometric and dimensional
constraints and model features.

Sketches, Extrusions, Revolutions Polygon, Extrude Taper, Loft, Fillet, Circular

Pattern, Shell, Text, Emboss/Extrude

● K6 – Read and interpret a hole note to identify the size and type of hole
including through, clearance, blind, counter bore, and countersink holes.
● K4 – Identify and differentiate geometric constructions and constraints (such as
horizontal lines, vertical lines, parallel lines, perpendicular lines, collinear points,
tangent lines, tangent circles, and concentric circles) and the results when
applied to sketch features within a 3D solid modeling environment.
K5 – Identify, define and explain the proper use of a detail view in technical drawing.
K6 – Identify, define and explain the proper use of a section view in technical drawing.
K7 – Identify, define and explain the proper use of an auxiliary view in technical
drawing.

Lesson 1.4 Design Problem: Puzzle Cube - 12%

● K2 – Be familiar with the terminology related to and the use of a 3D solid

modeling program in the creation of solid models and technical drawings.
Assembly - A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a
self-contained unit.

Assembly Drawing - A drawing that shows parts of an item when assembled.

Cartesian Coordinate System - A rectangular coordinate system created by three

mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, commonly labeled X, Y, and Z.

Component - A part or element of a larger whole.

Extrusion - A modeling process that creates a three-dimensional form by defining a

closed two-dimensional shape and a length.
Revolution - used to create a 3D solid by sweeping the object through its axis at a
predefined angle.

Geometric Constraints - Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a

geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity.

Origin - A fixed point from which coordinates are measured.

Working Drawings - Drawings that convey all of the information needed to

manufacture and assemble a design.

● K3 – Differentiate between additive and subtractive 3d solid modeling methods

● S3 – Create three-dimensional solid models of parts within CAD from sketches

or dimensioned drawings using appropriate geometric and dimensional
constraints.
● S4 – Generate CAD multi-view technical drawings, including orthographic
projections and pictorial views, as necessary, showing appropriate scale,
appropriate view selection, and correct view orientation to fully describe a
simple part according to standard engineering practice.

● S5 – Construct a testable prototype of a problem solution.

● S6 – Analyze the performance of a design during testing and judge the solution
as viable or non-viable with respect to meeting the design requirements.

● S7 – Create a set of working drawings to detail a design project.

● S11 – Create assemblies of parts in CAD and use appropriate assembly
constraints to create an assembly that allows correct realistic movement
among parts. Manipulate the assembly model to demonstrate the movement.

● S12 – Create a CAD assembly drawing. Identify each component of the

assembly with identification numbers (balloons) and create a parts list to detail
each component using CAD.
 IED Unit 1.1 Test Review
● Engineering Design Process
1. Define the Problem: Identify problem, validate problem, Design
brief, criteria, constraints
2. Generate Concepts: research, brainstorm, decision matrix
3. Develop a Solution: Graphical Model, Technical Drawings
4. Construct and Test a Prototype: construct working model,
collect and analyze test data, test report
5. Evaluate Solution: reflect, optimize, redesign, project
recommendations
6. Present the Solution: Project Portfolio, Formal Presentation
● Entire process is Iterative

● Engineering Notebook Guidelines and Usage

○ Neat, Accurate, Legible, Thorough
○ Proof of work, secure patent (intellectual property), communicate idea,
take notes, documentation
○ Contents: Title page, table of contents, references, all work/pictures,
signatures
○ Standards:
■ Quad ruled paper
■ All pages are: numbered, dated, signed by designer, signed by
witness
■ All work in pen
■ Notebooks are bound ( pages are not added or removed)
■ Pages sequentially numbered
■ Begin work at top of page, do not leave blank space
■ Cross out mistakes, do not erase
■ Date each entry
■ Insert items with tape/glue and sign

● Statistics
○ Box Plots: Minimum, median, first quartile (Q1), Third Quartile (Q3),
Maximum
■ Always rewrite numbers in ascending order first
■ If there is an odd number of values, median is right in the center
 ■ If there is an even number of values, you have to average the
middle two to get the median
■ Q1 is the median of the left half of the list, Q3 the median of the
right half
● If there is an odd amount of values, the median is included in
BOTH halves of the list.

○ Interquartile Range (IQR) = Q3 - Q1

○ Mean, mode (bimodal, multimodal)
○ Outliers: user 1.5xIQR rule. Any value outside of the “fences” is an outlier
■ Upper Fence = Q3 + 1.5*IQR
■ Lower Fence = Q1 - 1.5*IQR
○ Measures of Center: mean, median, and mode
○ Measures of Spread: range, quartiles, IQR, variance, standard deviation
○ Types of Errors: Random, Systematic
○ Uncertainty in measurements (certain digits and uncertain digits)

○ Accuracy. Measure of Error = absolute value of( mean of measured

values - accepted value)
 ○ Precision: variance or standard deviation

○ Empirical Rule:

●
 ● Concept Sketching
○ Communicate an idea
○ Quick drawings
○ Displays features and lines
○ Proportion
○ Shading

● Engineering Careers
○ Big four fields: Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, Civil
■ Just know basic examples of what each kind of these engineers
might work on
List of terms to study for IED test
● Constraints
○ Coincident
○ Parallel
○ Vertical/Horizontal
○ Perpendicular
○ Midpoint
○ Tangent
○ Concentric
● Tolerance
○ Unilateral
○ Bilateral
○ Limit Dimension
○ Clearance Fit
○ Interference Fit
○ Transition Fit
○ MMC
○ LMC
○ Allowance
● Features
○ Shell
○ Revolve
○ Chamfer
○ Fillet
○ Emboss
○ Loft
○ Offset Plane
○ Rectangular Pattern
○ Circular Pattern
● Holes
○ Countersink
○ Counterbore
○ Tapped
 ○ Blind
○ Through
○ Hole annotations
● Section View
○ Cutting plane line
○ Full Section
○ Half Section
● Assembly View
○ Exploded View
○ Joints/Degrees of Freedom* Refer to the attached videos for examples
○ Balloon annotations
○ Parts list