C for

begineer
1. Hello World
c , main , . c
. , <stdio.h> ,
<math.h>, <window.h> .
#

Hello, World <stdio.h> printf .

.

printf(“ ”);

“” .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf(“Hello, World!”);
return0;
}

?
2-1
C , , 3 .
6 .
1. int 4 , .
2. short int 2 , int ,
2 .
3. unsigned int 4 int ,
2 .
4. unsigned short int - unsigned int 2 unsigned
int 2 .
5. long 8 int 2 64
4 .
6. unsigned long int 4 unsigned int
unsigned int 2 .

c .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a = 4;
short int b = 2;
unsigned int c = 4;
long d = 8;
unsigned short int e = 4;
}

#int

float .
1. float - ,4 .
2. double 4 float 2 ,8 .
3. long double - double 10 .

c .
 #include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
float a = 4;
double b = 8;
long double c = 10;
}

#float

char .
1. char - 1 .
2. signed char 1 char .
3. unsigned char 1 unsigned int
, char 2 .

c .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char a = 1;
signed char b = 1;
unsigned char c = 1;
}

#char

END
#
2-2
2-1 .

2-1 sizeof(A)
.
.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int integer;
short int shortInteger;
unsigned int unsignedInteger;
long longInteger;
unsigned long unsignedLongInteger;
unsigned short int unsignedShortInteger;
float floatingPoint;
double doublePrecision;
long double longDoublePrecision;
char character;
signed char signedCharacter;
unsigned char unsignedCharacter;

printf("Size of int: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(integer));

printf("Size of short int: %zu bytes\n",
sizeof(shortInteger));
printf("Size of unsigned int: %zu bytes\n",
sizeof(unsignedInteger));
printf("Size of long: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(longInteger));
printf("Size of unsigned long int: %zu bytes\n",
sizeof(unsignedLongInteger));
printf("Size of unsigned short int: %zu bytes\n",
sizeof(unsignedShortInteger));
printf("Size of float: %zu bytes\n",
sizeof(floatingPoint));
printf("Size of double: %zu bytes\n",
sizeof(doublePrecision));
printf("Size of long double: %zu bytes\n",
sizeof(longDoublePrecision));
printf("Size of char: %zu byte\n", sizeof(character));
printf("Size of signed char: %zu byte\n",
sizeof(signedCharacter));
printf("Size of unsigned char: %zu byte\n",
sizeof(unsignedCharacter));

return 0;
}
 .

Size of int: 4 bytes

Size of short int: 2 bytes
Size of unsigned int: 4 bytes
Size of long: 8 bytes
Size of unsigned long int: 8 bytes
Size of unsigned short int: 2 bytes
Size of float: 4 bytes
Size of double: 8 bytes
Size of long double: 16 bytes
Size of char: 1 byte
Size of signed char: 1 byte
Size of unsigned char: 1 byte

#sizeof #
3-1. , ?

1. 'scanf'
C scanf() . scanf printf
. scanf .

scanf(" ", & ( ));

scanf , , .

: scanf("%d", &a); , a int .

: scanf("%f", &b); , b float .
: scanf("%c", &c); , c char .

2-1.
%d, %f #
.

 %d 10 .
 %o 8 .
 %x 16 .

 %f - .

 %c - .
 .

2-2. '&'
scanf '&' .
'&' , scanf ,
printf .
scanf printf .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)]
{
int a;
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("%d", a);

return 0;
}

printf '&' .

//a 3

<cd~/coding> 3
3-2.
printf scanf # .
, , .

, , 3-1. , ?
.

 %u - unsigned int .
 %lu - unsigned long .
 %lld - long long .
 %ld - long .

 %Ld - long double .

 %lf - double .
 %0.2f , %0.5f -
.

 %c - .
 %su - .
 %s8 UTF 8 .
 %ma ASCII 64 .

.
.
3-3.
C %c .
?
.

1 1 . scanf
.

“Pasted image 20230720105732.png” could not be found.

1. 10 >> 48~57
2. 26 >> 65~90
3. 26 >> 97~122
4. 33 >> 32 ~
5. 33 >> 0, 9, 10, 13

\0 , \n , \t .
4-1. if
C .
#if #while 2 .

if () , {} 2 .
() .
() , , , , {} C
. if if .

if .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a, b;
a = 1, b = 1;

if(a == b)
{
printf("a equals to b");
}
return 0;
}

'=' '==' .
a = b a b .
a b '=' '==' .
4-2. if AND, OR
C ,
.

=> AND, OR .

AND && , OR || .

AND

 3 5 Correct!
 a ,b a b
 a 'True' b 5 5

OR

 a>3 b<3
 y>0 ax<0

1. AND

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a=1, b=5;

if(a<b && b>0)

{
printf("Done!")
}
return 0;
}
2. OR

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a=5, b;
scanf("%d", &b)

if(a<b || b>0)
{
printf("Hello!");
}
return 0;
}

if
scanf
5-1. while
#if {} . #if

. #if {}
#while {} .

#while .

while( )
{

while .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int i;
while(i<100)
{
printf("The Number is %d", i);
i++;
}
return 0;
}

if
6-1 ,

1. ,
1-1.
++ -- , . a+b , a*b
2 (binary) , 1
(unary) .

1-2.
, 1 1 .
Ex) >> ++(a+b) , 3++ , (x-y)-- .

2.
2-1
(++) (--) ,
.

2-2
. .
 #include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a, b;
a = 10;
b = 20;

printf("\n a++\'s result is: %d", a++);

printf("\n ++a\'s result is: %d", ++a);
printf("\n b--\'s result is: %d", b--);
printf("\n --b\'s result is: %d", --b);

return 0;
}

< >

a++ 10
++a 12
b-- 20
--b 18

2 . ,
.
( , ...etc)
,
.

a++ a 1 , a (print)
a 1 a 11 , a++ 10 .
++a a 1 , a (11+1)
a 12 , ++a 12 .
b .

for
 for #for , for
.
, .
for , .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}

1 .

for
6-2. for
#while () ( ) {}
. () 3 (2 ) , .



for ( i )
.



. (ex> i>3 && i<5)

 or ?( )

,
.(ex> i++)

; .
#for .

#inlcude <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
while
if

&
7. switch, case
#if ?
.

int a=5;

if(a==5)
{
printf("5");
}

else if(a<5)
{
printf("a<5");
}

else if(a>5)
{
printf("a>5");
}

. .C
#switch . switch

switch(a) case ' ' : ; break;

. #break , case
. break .

switch .
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char s;
scanf("%c", &s);

switch(s)
case 'W' : printf("WINTER"); break;
case 'S' : printf("SPRING"); break;
case 'SU' : printf("SUMMER"); break;
case 'F' : printf("FALL"); break;

return 0;
}

if
8-1.
?
1-1.
.
.
C .

[ ] ([ ]) {
//
//
//
}

1-2. ?
. 'Hello world!' printf() ,
scanf("%d", &a) . if , while
. .

1-3. ?
C ? 5%
.
C <stdio.h>

C <stdio.h> ,
. , C
.

Hello World

if
while
for
8-2.
?

C ' ' .
printf() , scanf() . <stdio.h>
, #include <stdio.h>

.h , .
include ,

#include import .

C .

stdio.h printf, scanf...

ctype.h isalpha, tolower...
math.h (log ) sin, sqrt, log...
stdlib.h rand, srand...
string.h strlen, strcpy...
time.h time, acstime

Hello World
8-4.
<math.h>
.

1.
int abs(int a) .
abs .

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
int a;
printf(“Enter a number: ”);
scanf(“%d”, &a);
printf(“\n %d\’s absolute value is: %d”, a, abs(a));

return 0;
}

2.
pow .
pow x^y .
 #include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
int x, y;
int x = 10;
int y = 3;

printf(”pow(10, 3) = %d\n”, pow(10, 3));

return 0;
}

< >

pow(10, 3) = 1000

3.
x sqrt
.
sqrt x .

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
printf(“sqrt(4) = %d\n”, sqrt(4));
printf(“sqrt(2) = %.3f\n”, sqrt(2));

return 0;
}
< >

sqrt(4) = 2
sqrt(2) = 1.414

<math.h>
8.5 rand()
C ?
1-1. math.h
C , .
C (log, sin, √, |x| ...etc) math.h .

1-2. math.h
math.h , ,
. .

int abs(int a) int

double fabs(double b) double
int pow(int x, int y) x y
int exp(int a) e( 2.7182) 'a'
int log(int x) log(x)
int log10(int y) 10 y
int sqrt(int x) x
sin int sin(int a) sin(a)
cos int cos(int b) cos(b)
tan int tan(int c) tan(c)
double ceil(double x)
double floor(double x)

1-3.
(prototype) , , .
( , int a=10;)
. pow .

int pow(int x, int y)

 :

x: (base)
y: (exponent)

x y .

pow x y .
, x^y .

pow .

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
int result = pow(2, 3);
printf("2^3 = %d\n", result);

return 0;
}

2^3 = 8
1-1.
(bit) .
(bit operator) .
, .

< >

~ ~a a 1
& a&b a ,b
| a|b a ,b

3 .

 .

 (AND) , .
.
(OR) if AND, OR ,
.

0 & 0 -> : 0
0 & 1 -> : 0
1 & 0 -> : 0
1 & 1 -> : 1

 (OR) , .
.
if ,
.
 .

1 | 0 -> : 1
0 | 1 -> : 1
1 | 1 -> : 1
0 | 0 -> : 0

< >

^ a^b a b
<< a<<b a b
>> a>>b a b

3 .

 .
(XOR) , ( ) (1)
.
.

“Pasted image 20230806163726.png” could not be found.

0 ^ 0 -> : 0
0 ^ 1 -> : 1
1 ^ 0 -> : 1
1 ^ 1 -> : 0

 ( >> , << ) 2
(unsigned int) .
 <<( ) 0 .
>>( ) 0 .

< >

“Pasted image 20230806164759.png” could not be found.

< >
“Pasted image 20230806164917.png” could not be found.

, 2 ,
2 .

< >

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 16; // 00010000 (2 )

printf(" : %d (2 : %d)\n", num, num);

num = num >> 1;

printf(" : %d (2 : %d)\n", num, num);

return 0;
}

Result>
 : 16 (2 : 10000)
: 8 (2 : 1000)

< >

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 4; // 00000100 (2 )

printf(" : %d (2 : %d)\n", num, num);

num = num << 2;

printf(" : %d (2 : %d)\n", num, num);

return 0;
}

Result>

: 4 (2 : 100)
: 16 (2 : 10000)
1.
C . 5 ,
. .

+ a+b a b
- a-b a b
- -a a
* a*b a b
/ a/b a b
% a%b a b

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
double x, y;
x = 2.5;
y = 5.0;
printf("\n x+y = %.3f", x+y);
printf("\n x-y = %.3f", x-y);
printf("\n x*y = %.3f", x*y);
printf("\n x/y = %.3f", x/y);
printf("\n x%%y = %.3f", x%y);

return 0;
}

x+y 7.5
 x-y 2.5
x*y 12.5
x/y 0.5
x%y -

% /
% / .

</ >

12/4 3
16/3 5
5/2 2.5

<% >

12%4 3
16%3 1
5%2 -

% 3 - .

if
1-1.
(conditional operator) 3 3 . ? :

1 : 2
. if .

1-2.

 condition1 ? condition2 : condition3

condition1 condition2 ,
conditon3 .

 X = (a>b) ? a : b;

a b a X ,b a b X
.

.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num1, num2, max;

//
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

// max
max = (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;

//
printf(" : %d\n", max);

return 0;
}

&

if
1.
1-1.
(relational operator) , .

< a<b a b 1,
0
<= a<=b a b 1,
0
> a>b a 1,
0
>= a>=b a b 1,
0
== a==b a b 1,
0
! a!=b a b 1,
0

1-2.
#if ,
.

.
 #include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a, b;
a = 5;
b = 10;

printf("%d\n", a>b);
printf("%d\n", a>=b);
printf("%d\n", a<b);
printf("%d\n", a<=b);
printf("%d\n", a==b);
printf("%d\n", a!=b);

return 0;
}

If
if {} ,
.

if .
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &a);

if(a>0)
{
printf("a is a postive number!");
}
return 0;
}

if
6-1 ,
for
#for .

 for 2 .
 for 1 .
 for 1
.
 for printf("\n"); .

`for` .

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int i, j;

for(i=2; i<10; i++)

{
for(i=j; j<10; j++)
{
printf("%d * %d = %d", i, j, i*j);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

for
3
I. 3 ?
C . int
int ( )[]...[]; . [] .

ex1 3

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int matrix = {
{
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
},
{
{10, 11, 12},
{13, 14, 15},
{16, 17, 18},
},
{
{19, 20, 21},
{22, 23, 24},
{25, 26, 27},
},
};
}

3 .
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{

int i, j, k;
int matrix = {
{
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
},
{
{10, 11, 12},
{13, 14, 15},
{16, 17, 18},
},
{
{19, 20, 21},
{22, 23, 24},
{25, 26, 27},
},
};

for(i=0; i<3; i++)

{
for(j=0; j<3; j++)
{
for(k=0; k<3; k++)
{
printf(“%d ”, matrix[i][j][k]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
return 0;
}

for 3 3 . for
, for
, for 3 .
if
#if .

 ,2 #int 2 ,
#char .
 #if
.
 .

#if 2 .
 #include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a, b;
char operand;

printf(" : ");
scanf("%d, %d\n", &a, &b);
printf(" : ");
scanf("%c", &operand);

if(operand == '+')
{
printf("%d + %d = %d", a, b, a+b);
}
else if(operand == '-')
{
printf("%d - %d = %d",a, b, a-b);
}
else if(operand == '*')
{
printf("%d * %d = %d", a, b, a*b);
}
else if(operand == '/')
{
printf("%d / %d = %d", a, b, a/b);
}
else
{
printf("Invaild operand! choose the right operand");
}
return 0;
}

a 4, b 2, operand = '+' .

4 + 2 = 6

done
 ?
if