VELAMMAL KNOWLEDGE PARK, PONNERI

BODHI – IIT/NEET ACADEMY

PHYSICS MATERIAL
TOPIC :MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM STD : XII
FACULTY NAME –G.HARI KRISHNA
SYNOPSIS
1. Biot-Savart’s law :
 Idl sin 
Magnetic field due to current carrying element, dB  0 . It is an inverse-
4 r2
square law and it the magnetic analogue of coulomb’s law.
  q
2. Ampere law is analogous to Gauss’s law  E .ds  . This law is valid for
0
symmetrical current distributions and is based on the principle of electromagnetism.
I
3. Magnetic field due to a straight current carrying conductor of infinite length B  0
2 R
4. Galvanometer to ammeter conversion : Low resistance or shunt connected in parallel
 I 
S   g G .
 I  Ig 
 
Reading of ammeter is always less than actual current in the circuit.
V
5. Galvanometer to voltmeter conversion : High resistance in series R   G . Greater
Ig
the resistance of voltmeter, more accurate its reading.
0 NIa 2  2 NiA
6. On the axis of circular loop B  . If a  r , B  0 . 3 .
2r  a 
2 2 3/ 2 4 a
 NI
7. At the centre of circular loop B  . Magnetic field due to circular current carrying
2R
0 I
arc B  .
2r
8. Magnetic field due to a solenoid. Inside a long solenoid B  0 nI . At a point on one
 nI
end B  0 . n=number of turns per unit length.
2
Wb
 Bdl  0  i Absolute permeability of air or vacuum, 0  4 10 Amp  metre .
7
9.

N
10. Magnetic field due to a toroid B  0 nI ; n  .
2 r
11. Toroid is like an endless cylindrical solenoid. Number of turns per unit length
N
n .
2 r
12. Force on a conductor carrying current in a uniform magnetic field, F  IBl sin  ;
F  I Bl.
0 2 I1 I 2
13. Force between two parallel current carrying conductors F  . l .
4 r
14. Motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field follows a circular path,
MV sin 
radius r  .
Bq
15. Force acting on a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field
F  BqV , sin   q V  B  .
  
16. Lorentz force : F  q  E  V  B 
 
Electric force, Fe  qE
  

Magnetic force, Fm  q v  B .  

17. Trajectory of a particle is a circle if particle velocity v perpendicular to B i.e.,   90o
mV 1 2mV
and radius of path, r   .
qB B q

1
18. Trajectory of a particle is helical if a charged particles projected at an angle other
mV  sin  
than 0o ,90o ,180o to magnetic field and radius of path r  .
qB
19. Torque experienced is zero when   0 i.e. plane of the coil is perpendicular to the
field.
Torque is maximum when   90o i.e., plane of the coil is parallel to the field,
Tmax  NBiA
Work done, W  MB 1  cos  
Wmax , if   180o
Wmax  2MB
 
Potential energy, U   MB cos   U   M .B .

I. Multiple choice questions :

1. In oersted’ experiment if the direction of current is reversed the magnetic field will be
a) Remain same b) Make an angle c) Reverse d) Either a or c
2. Magnetic field can be produced by
a) Moving charge b) A changing electric field
c) A charge at rest d) Both a and b
3. A charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a resultant force
a) In the direction of field b) In the direction opposite to that of the field
c) In the direction perpendicular to the both the field and velocity
d) None of the above
4. A charged particle moves with a velocity ‘ v ’ in a uniform magnetic field ‘ B ’. The
magnetic force experienced by the particle is
a) Always zero b) Never zero
c) Zero, if B and v are perpendicular d) Zero, if B and v are parallel
5. If a velocity has both perpendicular and parallel component while moving through a
magnetic field. What is the path followed by a particle?
a) Circular b) Elliptical c) Linear d) Helical
6. A charged particle moving with velocity ‘ v ’ is subjected to electric field ‘E’ and
magnetic field B is the particle will go undeflected if
a) E is perpendicular to B b) E is parallel to ‘ v ’ and perpendicular to B
c) E and B both are parallel to ‘ v ’
E
d) E, B and ‘ v ’ are mutually perpendicular but V  .
B
7. Lorentz force can be corrected by using the formula

a) F  q E  v  B   
b) F  q E  v  B  
c) F  q E  v .B  
d) F  q E  B  v
8. A uniform electric field and magnetic field are produced, pointed in the same
direction an electron is projected with its velocity pointed in the same direction.
a) The electron will turn to it’s right b) The electron will turn to its left
c) The electron velocity will increase in magnitude
d) The electron velocity will decrease in magnitude
9. The proton enters a magnetic field of flux density 1.5 weber/m2 with a velocity of
2  10 7 m / s at an angle 300 with the field. The force on proton will be
a) 2.4  10 12 N b) 0.24  10 12 N c) 24  10 12 N d) 0.024  1012 N
10. A particle of mass ‘m’ charge ‘q’ enters a magnetic field ‘B’ perpendicularly with a
velocity ‘ v ’ the radius of circular path described by if will be
Bq mq mB mv
a) b) c) d)
mv Bv qv Bq
11. A charged particle of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ travels on a circular path of radius ‘r’
that is perpendicular to a magnetic field ‘B’ the time taken to the particle to
complete on revolution is
2 q 2 B 2 mq 2 m 2 qB
a) b) c) d)
m B Bq m
12. The work done by a magnetic field on a moving charge is
a) Zero because F acts parallel to B
b) Positive because F acts perpendicular to B
c) Zero because F acts perpendicular to v

2
 d) Negative because F acts parallel to v
13. A -particle enters a magnetic field of 1 tesla with a velocity 106m/s in a direction
perpendicular to the field. The force on  particle is
a) 1.6  10 13 N b) 6.4  10 13 N c) 4.8  10 13 N d) 3.2  10 13 N
14. Two electron move parallel to each other with equal speed ‘ v ’. The ratio of magnetic
and electrical forces between then is
v c v2 c2
a) b) c) 2 d) 2
c v c v
15. When a proton is released from rest in a room, it starts with an initial acceleration
a0 towards west. When it is projected towards north with a speed of v0 it moves with
an initial acceleration 3a0 towards west. The electric and magnetic fields in the room
are
ma0 2ma0 ma0 2ma0
a) west, up b) west , down
e ev0 e ev0
ma0 3ma0 ma0 3ma0
c) east , up d) east , down
e ev0 e ev0
16. A proton of mass ‘m’ charge ‘q’ is moving in a plane with kinetic energy ‘E’. If there
exists a uniform magnetic field ‘B’, perpendicular to plane of motion. The proton will
move in a circular path of radius.
2Em 2Em Em Eq
a) b) c) d)
Bq qB 2 Bq mB
17. Two particles x and y equal charge after being accelerated through a potential
difference enter a region of uniform magnetic field and describe a circular paths of
radius ‘ r1 ’ and ‘ r2 ’ respectively. The ratio of the mass of ‘ x ’ to that of ‘ y ’ is
2 2
r r1 r  r 
a) 1 b) c)  1  d)  2 
r2 r2  r2   r1 
18. No force acts on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field, when angle
between current and magnetic field is
a) 0 b)  / 2 c)  / 4 d) 3 / 4
19. Biot-savart law for small length of current carrying wire in vector form is
  idl sin     idl  rˆ 
a) d B  0   b) d B  0  2 
4  r 2
 4  r 
  idl  rˆ    idl  r 
c) d B  0  3  d) d B  0  3 
4  r  4  r 
20. According to Biot-Savart law the value of intensity of magnetic field at a point due to
a current carrying conductor depends.
a) On the value of current
b) On small part of the length of conductor
c) Sine of angle between element and line joining the given point due to the mid
point of the element
d) All of these
21. A circular coil of radius ‘R’ carries an electric current. The magnetic field due to the
coil at the point on the axis of the coil located at a distance r from the centre of the
coil. Such that “r >> R” varies as
1 1 1 1
a) b) 3/ 2 c) 2 d) 3
r r r r
22. The magnetic field at the centre of the current carrying coil is
 ni  ni  ni
a) 0 b) 0 c) 0 d) 0 ni
2r 2 r 4r
23. Magnetic induction produced at the centre of a circular coil carrying current is ‘B’.
The magnetic moment of the loop of radius ‘R’ is
BR 3 2 BR 3 BR 2 2 BR 2
a) b) c) 4)
20 0 20 0
24. A wire of length ‘L’ carrying current ‘I’ is bent in to circle. The magnitude of a
magnetic field at the centre of circle is
0i  i  2 o i   i 
a) b)  o  c)   d)  o 
L  2L   L   2 L 
3
25. A long wire carrying a steady current is bent into circular loop of one turn. The
magnetic field at the center of the loop is ‘B’, it is then bent into a circular coil of ‘n’
turns. The magnetic field at the centre of the coil of n turns will be
a) 2n 2 B b) nB c) n2B d) 2nB
26. Ampere’s law is analogous to _________
a) Kirchoffs law in current electricity b) Faraday’s law in EMI
c) Lenz’s law d) Gauss theorem in electro static
27. The value of current flowing in a conducting wire is doubled. Then the value of
magnetic field at a point will be
a) Remains same b) Be half
c) Be doubled d) Be four times
28. The ratio of period of  -particles and proton moving on circular path in uniform
magnetic field is
a) 2 : 1 b) 1 : 2 c) 4 : 1 d) 1 : 4
29. The direction of intensity of magnetic field produced at a point due to an infinite
current carrying conductor will be
a) Along the line joining the point and the wire
b) Perpendicular to the plane of the wire and the point
c) Parallel to current d) Opposite to the current
30. The strength of magnetic field at a point ‘r’ near a long straight current carrying wire
is “B”. The field at a distance r/2 will be
a) B / 2 b) B / 4 c) 2B d) 4B
31. The magnetic induction at a point ‘P’ which is at a distance of 4cm from a long
current carrying wire is 10-8 tesla. The field of induction at a distance 12cm from the
same current would be
a) 3.33  10 9 tesla b) 1.11  10 4 tesla c) 3.10 3 tesla d) 9  10 12 tesla
32. In a current carrying solenoid. The field produce does not depend upon
a) Number of turns per unit length b) The current flowing
c) Radius of solenoid d) All of the above
33. A long solenoid has ‘n’ turns per meter and current IA is flowing through it the
magnetic field at the ends of the solenoid is
 nI
a) 0 b) 0 nI c) Zero d) 2 0 nI
2
34. An electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying
long solenoid which of the following is true?
a) Electron will be accelerated along the axis
b) Electron path will be circular about the axis
c) Electron will experience a force at 450 to the axis and hence execute a helical path
d) The electron will be continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the
solenoid
35. Two coaxial solenoids of different radii carry a current I in the same direction. Let ‘
F1 ’ be the magnetic force on the inner solenoid due to outer one,’ F2 ’ be the magnetic
force on outer solenoid due to the inner one. Then
a) F1  F2  0
b) F1 is radially inwards and F2 is radially outwards
c) F1 is radially inwards and F2  0
d) F1 is radially outwards and F2  0
36. Two thin long parallel wires, separated by a distance d carry a current of IA in the
same direction they will
0 I 2 0 I 2
a) Attract each other with a force of b) Repel each other with a force of
2 d 2 d
I 2
 I2
c) Attract each other with a force of 0 2 d) Repel each other with a force of 0 2
2 d 2 d
37. Two parallel wires in free space are 10cm apart and each carries a current of 10A in
the same direction. Force with one wire exerts on other per metre of the length is
a) 2 104 N , attractive b) 2 104 N , repulsive
c) 2 107 N , attractive d) 2 107 N , repulsive

4
38. A rectangular loop carrying current I is placed in uniform magnetic field ‘B’. The
area enclosed by the loop is ‘A’. If there are ‘n’ turns in loop, then the torque acting
on the loop is given by
a) nI A  B  
b) nI A.B
1
 
c) I A  B
n
1
d) I A.B
n
39. A coil carrying electric current is placed in a uniform magnetic field, then
a) Torque is formed b) Emf induced
c) Both a and b are current d) None of these
40. A current I flows in a circular coil of radius ‘r’ if the coil is placed in uniform
magnetic field ‘B’ with it’s plane parallel to the field, magnitude of the torque
experienced by the coil will be
a) Zero b) 2 rIB c)  r 2 IB d) 2 r 2 IB
41. A moving coil galvanometer has N number of turns in a coil of effective area ‘A’. It
carries a current I. The magnetic field B is radial. The torque acting on the coil will
be
a) NA2B2I b) NABI2 c) N2ABI d) NABI
42. Select the wrong statement.
In a moving coil galvanometer
a) The field is made radial
b) Soft iron core increases ‘B’
c) Sensitivity is defined as current per unit deflection
d) The current is directly proportional to the deflection
43. The sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer can be increased by
a) Using a strong spring and strong magnetic field
b) Using a weaker spring and stronger magnetic field
c) Using a weaker spring and weaker magnetic field
d) Using a smaller coil with large number of turns
44. Statement – I: Higher the range, greater, the resistance of ammeter.
Statement – II: To increase the range of ammeter, additional shunt needs to be
used across it.
a) Statement – I is true, statement – II is true, statement – II is correct explanation of
statement - I
b) ) Statement – I is true, statement – II is true, statement – II is not correct
explanation of statement – I
c) Statement- I is true, statement –II is false
d) Statement-I is false, statement- II is true
45. When galvanometer of resistance ‘G’ is converted to an ammeter of range IA. Then
correct passing through ‘s’ is
 G   S  SI  G SI  G
a) I S   I b) I S   I c) I S  d)
GS   S G  S G
46. If a long hollow copper pipe carries a direct current the magnetic field associated
with the current will be
a) Only inside the pipe b) Only outside the pipe
c) Neither inside nor outside the pipe d) Both inside and outside the pipe
47. Statement – I: The sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer is increased by using a
soft iron cylinder as a core inside the coil.
Statement – II: Soft iron has a high magnetic permeability and cannot be easily
magnetics (or) demagnetized.
a) Statement – I is true, statement – II is true, statement – II is correct explanation of
statement - I
b) ) Statement – I is true, statement – II is true, statement – II is not correct
explanation of statement – I
c) Statement- I is true, statement –II is false
d) Statement-I is false, statement- II is true.

5
 Q.No Key Q.No Key Q.No Key Q.No Key Q.No Key
1 c 11 c 21 d 31 a 41 d
2 d 12 c 22 a 32 c 42 c
3 c 13 d 23 b 33 a 43 d
4 d 14 c 24 a 34 d 44 d
5 d 15 b 25 c 35 a 45 a
6 d 16 b 26 d 36 a 46 b
7 a 17 c 27 c 37 a 47 c
8 d 18 a 28 a 38 a
9 a 19 d 29 b 39 a
10 d 20 d 30 c 40 c

Assertion and Reason Questions :

a) Assertion is true, Reason is true, reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion is true, Reason is true, reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is true, reason is false
d) Assertion is false, reason is true
1. Assertion(A): In a shunted galvanometer only 10% current passes through the
galvanometer. The resistance of the galvanometer is G. Then resistance of shunt is
G/9.
Reason(R) : If ‘S’ is resistance of shunt, then voltage across S and G is same.
2. Assertion: When a charge moves through the magnetic field it momentum changes
but KE remains constant.
Reason: The magnetic force acts as a centripetal force, which is perpendicular to
the instantaneous velocity and so does not work.
3. Assertion: Two beams of electrons travelling in the same direction repel each other.
Reason: The electrostatic interaction is less than the magnetic intraction.
4. Assertion: In electric circular, wires carrying currents in opposite directions are
often twisted together.
Reason: If the wires are not twisted together the combination of wires forms a
current loop, the magnetic field generated by the loop might effect adjacent currents
(or) components.
5. Assertion (A): For a charged particle describing circular path in a uniform
transverse magnetic field, the kinetic energy remain constant.
Reason (R) : The work done by the force due to magnetic field on a moving charge is
always zero.
6. Assertion (A): If an electron is not deflected while passing through a certain region
of space, then only possibility is that there is no magnetic field in this region.
Reason (R) : Force on an electron moving in a magnetic field is directly proportional
to the magnetic field applied.
7. Assertion (A): If a proton and an -particle enter a uniform magnetic field
perpendicularly, with the same speed, the time period of revolution of -particle is
double that of proton.
Reason (R) : In a magnetic field, the time period of revolution of a charged particle is
inversely proportional its specific charge.
8. Assertion (A): If an electron while coming vertically from outerspace enter the
earth’s magnetic field, it is deflected towards west.
Reason (R) : Direction of force experienced by a charged particle in a magnetic field
is determined by Flemings left hand rule.
9. Assertion (A): Torque on the coil is always maximum, when coil is suspended in a
radial magnetic field.
Reason (R) : Torque depends upon the magnitude of the applied magnetic field.
10. Assertion (A): Magnetic field interacts with a moving charge and not with a
stationary charge.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field will be produced by a moving charge but not a
stationary charge.
11. Assertion (A): No net force acts on a rectangular coil carrying a steady current when
suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field.
Reason (R) : Forces acting on each pair of the opposite sides of the coil are equal
and opposite.

6
12. Assertion (A): Out of galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter, resistance of ammeter
is lowest and resistance of voltmeter is highest.
Reason (R) : An ammeter is connected in series and a voltmeter is connected in
parallel, in a circuit.
13. Assertion (A): In ammeter, current in shunt is always greater than current in
galvanometer.
Reason (R) : Value of shunt resistance is smaller than galvanometer resistance and
is parallel to it.
14. Assertion (A): The range of given voltmeter can be both increased and decreased.
Reason (R) : By adjusting the value of resistance in series with galvanometer the
range of voltmeter can be adjusted.

Q.No Key Q.No Key Q.No Key

1 a 6 d 11 a
2 a 7 a 12 c
3 d 8 a 13 a
4 a 9 b 14 a
5 a 10 a - -

Case steady :
1. Various methods can be used to measure the mass of an atom. One possibility is
through the use of a mass spectrometer, the basic feature if a Cambridge mass
spectrometer is illustrated in figure. A particle carrying a charge “+q” is first sent
E
through a velocity selector and comes out with velocities V  .
B
The applied electric and magnetic fields satisfy the relation E = VB so that the
trajectory a the particle is a straight line upon entering a region where a second

magnetic field B0 painting in to the page has been applied the particle will move in
a circular path with radius ‘r’ and eventually strike the photographic plate figure?
(1) In mass spectrometer, the ions are sorted out in which of the following ways?
a) by accelerating them through electric field
b) by accelerating them through magnetic field
c) by accelerating them through electric and magnetic field
d) by applying high voltage
(2) Radius of the particle in second magnetic field B0 is
2mv0 mv mv0 2 mE0 v
a) b) c) 4)
qE0 qE0 qB0 2 B0
(3) Which of the following will trace a circular trajectory width largest radiuses?
a) proton b)  -partical c) electron
d) a particle with charge twice and mass thrice that a electron

(4) Mass of the particle in terms q, Bo, B, r and E is

qBr qB0 Br qBr qBrE
a) b) c) d)
E E B0 E B0
(5) The particle comes out of velocity selector along a straight line because
a) electric force is less than magnetic force
b) electric force is greater than magnetic force
c) electric and magnetic force balance each outer
d) can’t say

Ans. (1)-c, (2)-c, (3)-b, (4)-b, (5)-c

7
2. Ampere circuital law gives a method to calculate the magnetic field due to given
current distribution according to it, the circulation 
 B.dl of the resultant magnetic
plan curve is equal to 0 times due total current crossing the
field along a closed plane
area bounded by the closed curve provided the electric field inside the loop remains
constant ampere law is more useful under certain symmetrical conditions.
Consider one such case of long straight wire with circular cross
cross-section
section (radius-R)
(radius
carrying current I uniformly distributed across this cross
cross-section.

(1) Magnetic field at a radial distance r from due centre of the wire in the region r > R
is
I I  IR 2  Ir 2
a) 0 b) 0 c) 0 d) 0
2 R 2 r 2 r 2 R
(2) Magnetic field at distance r in the region (r < R) is
I  Ir 2 I  Ir
a) 0 b) 0 2 c) 0 d) 0 2
2 2 R 2 r 2 R
(3) A long straight wire of circular cross section (radius a) carries a steady current I
and the current I is uniforms distributed across this cross section. Which of the
following plots represents the variation of magnetic
magnetic field ‘B’ with distance ‘r’ from
the center of the wire?

a) b)

c) d)

(4) A long straight wire of radius R carries a steady current I. The current is uniformly
distributed across its cross-section
cross section the ratio of magnetic field at R/2 and 2R is
1 1
a) b) 2 c) d) 1
2 4
(5) A direct current I flows along the length of an infinitely long straight thin walled
pipe. Then the magnetic field is
a) uniform throught out the pipe but not zero
b) zero only along the axis of the pipe
c) zero of any paint inside the pipe
d) maximum
imum at the center and minimum at the edges
Ans. (1)-b, (2)-d, (3)-a,, (4)-d,
(4) (5)-b
3. Helical maliom :
The path of a charged particle in a magnetic field depends upon angle between
velocity and magnetic field, if velocity V is at an angle  to B . Component of v
parallel to magnetic field  v cos   remain constant and component of velocity
perpendicular to the field  v sin   is responsible for circular motion. Thus the
charged particle moves in a helical path.

8
 The plane of the circle is perpendicular to the field and axis of the helix is parallel
to the field. The charged particle moves along helical path touching the line
parallel to the magnetic field passing through the starting paint after each rotation.
mv sin 
The radius of the circular path is r  .
Bq
Hence resultant path of the charged particle will be helix with it’s axis along the

direction of B as shown in figure.
(1) When a positively charged particle enters into a uniform magnetic field with
uniform velocity, it’s trajectory can be (i) straight line (ii) circle (iii) helix
a) (i) only b) (i) or (ii) c) (i) or (iii) d) any one of (i), (ii) & (iii)
(2) Two charged particles A and B having a same charge, mass and speed enter into a
magnetic field in such a way that the initial path of A makes an angle of 30o and
that of B makes an angle of 90o with the field then the trajectory of
a) B will have smaller radius of curvature than that of A
b) Both will have same curvature
c) A will have smaller radius than that of B
d) Both will move along the direction of their original velocities
(3) ron having momentum 2.4 1029 kg m/s enters a region of uniform magnetic
An electron
field 0.15T. The field vector makes an angle of 30 with the initial velocity vector of
an electron, the radius of the helical path of the electron in the field shall be
3
a) 2 mm b) 1 mm c) mm d) 0.5 mm
2
(4) The magnetic field in a certain region of space is given by B  8.35 10 2 iT . A proton
is shot into the field with a velocity V   2 105 i  4  105 j  mC the proton follows the
helical path in the field the distance moved by the proton in x x-direction
direction during the
period of one revolution in due yz-plane
yz will be  mass of proton 1.67 1027 kg 
a) 0.053 m b) 0.136 m c) 0.157 m d) 0.236 m
(5) The frequency of revolution
revo of the particle is
m qB 2 R 2 R
a) b) c) d)
Bq 2 m V cos  V sin 
Ans. (1)-d, (2)-c, (3)-d,, (4)-c,
(4) (5)-b
4. Motion of chary in magnetic field.
An electron with a speed V0 <<< C moves in a circular path of radius r0 in a
uniform magnetic field. This electron is able to traverse a circular path as
magnetic field is perpendicular to the velocity of electron. A force act on the
particle perpendicular to both V0 and B . This force continuousness defects the
particle side ways with out change in it’s speeds and the particle will move along a
circular path perpendicular to the field the time ime required for one continuously
revolution of the electron is T0.

(1) If the speed of the electron is now doubled to 2V0 the radius of the circle will
change to
a) 4r0 b) 2r0 c) r0 d) r0/2
(2) If V0 = 2V0, then the time required for one revolution of the electron will change to
on
a) 4T0 b) 2T0 c) T0 d) T0/2
(3) A charged particles is projected in a magnetic field B   2i  4 j  102 T the
acceleration of the particle is found to be a   xi  2 j  m / s 2 find the value of ‘x’.
a) 4 m/s2 b) -4 m/s2 c) -2
2 m/s2 d) 2 m/s2
(4) If the given electron has a velocity not perpendicular to B, then the trajectory of
electron is
a) straight line b) circular c) helical d) zig-zag

9
(5) If this electron of charge ‘e’ is moving parallel to uniform magnetic field with
constant velocity ‘v’. The force acting on the electron is
Be B
a) Bev b) c) d) Zero
v eV
Ans. (1)-b, (2)-c, (3)-b, (4)-c, (5)-d

2 MARKS
1. State two properties of the material of the wire used for suspension of the wire in a
moving coil galvanometer,
Ans:(1) Non-Brittle conductor
(2) Restoring torque per unit twists should be small
2. What will be the path of a charged particle moving along the direction of magnetic
field and perpendicular to the field?
Ans: A charge moving along the field direction is straight line path
A charge moving perpendicular to the field is circular path
3. Two wires of equal lengths are bent in the form of two loops. One of the loop is
square shaped and other is circular loop. These are suspended in uniform magnetic
field and the same current passed through them. Which loop will experience greater
torque? Give reason.
Ans: Torque expressed as   BANI
A
Area of circular loop is more than that of square loop. AC  AS
C  S
Torque on circular loop is greater
4. An  particle and proton are moving in the plane of paper in a region where there is
uniform magnetic field B directed normal to the plane of paper if two particle have
equal linear momentum. What will be the ratio of their radii?
mv
Ans: We know that the radius R 
Bq
P 1
R R
Bq q
R q e 1
   p   
R p q 2e  2 
The ratio of radii is (! : 2)
5. Write the expression for the force acting on a charged partical of charge ‘q’ moving
with a velocity ‘ v ’ in the presence of magnetic field B. Show that (a) the KE of the
particle does not change (b) It’s instantaneous power is zero.
 
Ans: a) We know that F  q v  B direction of force is perpendicular to plane containing
v  B . F is perpendicular to v
w  Fs cos  90o   0
 KE  0
Therefore, KE to be constant at the given condition.
b) We know that the expression for instantaneous power P  FV cos
P  Fv cos  90 
P0
6. An electron of KE is 25 KeV moves perpendicular to the direction of uniform
magnetic field of 0.2 m tesla calculate the time period of rotation of the electron in
the magnetic field.
Ans: Given magnetic field B  0.2  10 3 tesla
2 m
Time period T 
Bq
2  3.14  9.11031
T
0.2  103 1.6 1019
T  1.787  10 7 seconds
7. Define one tesla using the expression for the magnetic force acting on a particle of
charge ‘q’ moving with a velocity ‘ v ’ in a magnetic field ‘ B ’.

Ans: We know that F  q V  B 
10
 F  Bqv
F
B
qv
The magnetic field which produced a force of one newton, when the charge of one
coloumb moves perpendicular to the field at a velocity of 1m/s
1N
1T 
1C 1m / s
8. A particle of charge ‘q’ and mass ‘m’ is moving with velocity v. It is subjected to a
uniform magnetic field ‘B’ directed to perpendicular to its velocity show that it
describes a circular path. Write the expression for it’s radius?
Ans: A charge ‘q’ is projected perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field ‘B’ with a
velocity ‘v’. The perpendicular force, F  Bqv acts like centripetal force.
Perpendicular to the magnetic field. Then the path followed by the charge is circular.

F = FC
mv 2
BQv 
r
mv
r
Bq
r is the radius of the path followed by charge projected perpendicular to the uniform
magnetic field.
9. An electron and proton moving with a same speed enter into the same magnetic field
perpendicular to the direction of the field. Find the ratio of Radii of the circular
paths.
mv
Ans: The radius of the path r 
Bq
r m
rm e  e
rp m p
me  m p  re  rp
Radius of proton is more than electron.
10. State the right hand thumb rule
Ans: If a straight current carrying conductor imagined to be held in the right hand with
the thumb points towards current. Then four fingers closing the conductor show the
direction of magnetic field.
11. What is meant by magnetic dipole moment of current loop I write it SI units.
Ans: The product of current and area of the loop determine the magnetic dipole moment.
M  IA SI units : Ampere – m2.
M is magnetic dipole moment
I is current in the conductor
A its area of cross-section.
12. Compare the ratio of magnetic field produced at the centre of a circular conductor to
a point on the axis of a conductor.
3/ 2
  x 2 
Ans: BC : BA  1     :1
 r 
 
13. Give difference between an ammeter and voltmeter.
Ans: Ammeter (1) it is device used to measure current in the circuit
(2) The resistance of ideal ammeter is zero.
Voltmeter: (1) It is a device used to measure potential difference in circuit
(2) The resistance of ideal voltmeter is infinity.
14. What is the nature of force between two wires carrying current in (a) same direction,
(b) opposite direction.
Ans: a) Two parallel wires carrying current in the same direction, attract each other.
b) If current in opposite direction, repel each other.
15. Write the expression for the torque on a current loop placed in a uniform magnetic
field and explain the turns used.
Ans:   BIAN sin 
B is magnetic field, I-current in the loop
11
 A – area of loop, N-number of turns
 - angle between direction of magnetic field to the normal of the coil.
If   0   0 (minima)
16. Write the expression for magnetic field at a point on the axis of a long solenoid
carrying current and give the meaning of the symbols used.
Ans: B  o nI
Where n is number of turns per unit length.
17. Give the expression for the Lorentz force acting on a moving charge in a combined
electric and magnetic fields.
 
Ans: F1  q E  v  B 
qE  electric force
 
q v  B is magnetic force
18. An electron in a magnetic fields made static and prevented from falling under
gravity. Write the equation satisfying above condition.
Ans: If Fe =Fg
ev ++++++++++
 me g
d
Fe Fg d

------------
19. What is two case of helical motion of the charged particle in magnetic field?
Ans: The component of velocity, perpendicular to magnetic field cause a circular motion
of the charged particle and if there exist a component of velocity along the direction
of field, then charged particle describes a helical path.
20. What is pitch of charged partical describing a helical path?
2 m
Ans: T 
Bq V
Pitch ‘P’  v  T
2 m 
P  v cos  B
Bq
21. State ampere’s circuital law and give mathematicals expression for circuital law .
Ans: The integral of the product of tangential component of magnetic field and the
element of length in a closed loop is equal to 0 times the total current passing
through the surface.
 B.dl  0 I
22. Write the expression for the force between the two parallel straight conductors and
give the meaning of the symbols used.
 ii L
Ans: F  0 1 2
2 r
i1 and i2 are the respective currents.
r- is distance between two wires, L – length of the wires.
23. Can current carrying circular loop act as a magnetic dipole? Give the expression for
magnetic field at a point due to current carrying loop.
Ans: Yes,
 2M
B 0 3
4 d
Where M-magnetic dipole moment, M = IA
d is distance of the part on axis of the coil .
24. Write the expression for magnetic moment due to an electron circulating around a
nucleus of an atom.
Ans: Magnetic dipole moment M  I  R 2
e ev
I 
T 2 R
eV
M   R2
2 R
eVR
M
2

12
3 MARKS
1. What are the factors which determine the force on current carrying conductor in a
magnetic field?
Ans: Factors effecting the force
(1) Length of conductor (2) Current and (3) magnetic field
IgG
2. Galvanometer has resistor ‘G, shunt resistance S  I g  G 1 ’ and required a
I  Ig
current i for full scale deflection. How do you convert into (a) Ammeter and (b)
Voltmeter.
I G
Ans: a) S  S ig  G 1
I  Ig
Where S is shunt resistance connected in parallel to galvanometer
V
b) R   G  ig  V
ig
Where R is resistance connected in series with galvanometer.
3. A proton, deuteron and an  -particle moving with same speeds in uniform magnetic
field perpendicular to field. Find the ratio the that radius.
mv
Ans: Radius of charged particle in uniform magnetic field R 
Bq
m
R  (if B and v constant)
q
m m m
R p : Rd : R  e , d , 
qe qd q
m 2m 4 m
 : :
q q 2q
 1: 2 : 2
4. If proton, deuteron and  particle are moving with same momentum in a uniform
magnetic field find ratio of their radii, when perpendicular to the uniform magnetic
field.
P 1
Ans: R  R
Bq q
1 1 1 1 1 1
R p : Rd : R  : :  : :
q p qd q q q 2q
= 2 : 2 : 1.
5. Derive an expression for magnetic fields due to current carrying straight conductor
at a distance ‘r’ from the conductor.
Ans: Let us consider a current carrying conductor carrying current I. ‘P’ is point at a
distance ‘r’ from conductor.
The total magnetic find enclosed by the circular path of radius ‘r’ is ‘B’

 B.dl  B  dl  B2 r  (1) dl

From ampere’s law  B.dl   I

0

B 2 r  0 I
I
B 0
2 r
6. Derive an expression for magnetic field due to circular conductor carrying current I
at the centre of circular loop.
Ans: Consider a circular loop of radius ‘r’, current carrying curve at I
dl is small length of circular loop dl

magnetic field due to ‘dl’ at the centre of circular loop.

 idl
 dB  0 2
4 r
i
 dB  40r 2  dl
13
 0 i
B l 
4 r 2
i
B  0 2  2 r
4 r
0i
B
2r
If current is clockwise direction magnetic field at the center is “inwards” to the plane
of the loop at center 
In anticlockwise direction the magnetic field at the centre is outwards to the
plane of the loop 
7. (i) A point charge ‘q’ moving with a speed ‘ v ’ enters a uniform magnetic field B that
is acting in the plane of the paper. What is the path followed by the charge ‘q’ in
which plane does it moving
(ii) How does the path followed by the particle if the velocity has a component
parallel to B ?
(iii) If the electric field B is also applied such that the particle continues to moving
along the original straight line path what should be the magnitude and direction of
the electric field?
 
And: (i) The force on charge is given by F  q v  B when v is perpendicular to B , the
force on charged particle is centripetal force and make it move along the circular
path. The path followed by the charge is anticlockwise in x-y plane. The charge
movies in perpendicular to v and B
(ii) A component of velocity of particle in parallel to magnetic field. The force on the
particle is zero  F  Bqv sin   0  then particle moves in straight line and component
of velocity perpendicular to field. The particle moving in circular path the combined
effect of both the components will move the particle in a helical path.
(iii) The magnetic force on charge ‘q’ is

FB  q v  B 

FB  q viˆ  Bkˆ 
  BqVjˆ
FB in negative y-axis
For moving charge q in initial path
Fq  Fm  0
Fe   Fm
 
Fq   Bqv  ˆj
Fq   Bqvjˆ
Then direction of E along positive y-axis.
8. A circular coil of N turns and diameter ‘d’ carries a current I. It is unwound and
rewound to make another call of diameter 2d current I remains same calculate the
ratio of magnetic moment of new coil and the original coil.
Ans: We know that
Moment   NIA
N is number of turns
The length of wire remains same
 d  2d 
N  2   N  2 
 2  2 
N
N'
2
 ' N ' I ' A'

 NIA
2
N  2d  1
 I   
' 2  2  4
  2
 d
2
1 1
N  I  
2

14
 4 2
  
2 1
 ' :   2 :1
5 marks
1. Obtain an expression for magnetic force on current carrying conductor.
Ans:

i B

Let ‘l’’ be the length of conductor. A be the area of cross section

ction n be the number of
charge carries in the conductance per unit volume.
The total number of charge carriers in the volume of conductor “nA “nAl”
Let “Vd” is average drift velocity corresponding to the current I.
B is magnetic field surrounding the conductor.
Than magnetic force F  q Vd  B  
 Ne Vd  B 
 N N 
 n   
 V A l 
F  nAle Vd  B 
 neAVd  l  B 
 i l  B
F  BIl.sin 
1
Frequency = f 
T
1
f 
2 m
Bq
Bq
f 
2 m
3. State and explain n Biot savart law. (Laplace rule)
Ans: Biot-savart law: The magnetic field at a point due to small current element (idl) of a
current carrying conductor
onductor is proportional to (i) The current (i)
(2) The length of the element “dl”
(3) Sine of the angle made
m between thee current element and the line joining the
point and is inversely proportional to

(4) Inversly proportional to the t square of the distance between the point and the
element.
idl sin 
dB 
r2
 idl sin 
dB  0
4 r2

dB  0

 idl  r 
4 r3
4. Obtain the expression for magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying loop.
Ans: Let R be the radius of circular loop, carrying current ‘I’. Let P be a point on the
axis of the circular conductor dB is magnetic field at a point “P” due to small current
element “dl”.
 idl sin 90o
dB  0 
4 r2
0idl
dB     (1)
4 r  R 2  x 2 
Total magnetic field at a point due to loop
  dB    dB sin 
1

15
 0idl sin 
B
4  R 2  x 2 
0i sin 
4  R 2  x 2  
B dl

0i 2 R sin 
B
4  R 2  x 2 
R
But sin  
x  R2
2

0i 2 R R
B 
r  x  R   x 2  R 2 
2 2 1/ 2

oi 2 R 2
B
4  R 2  x 2 
3/ 2

 0iR 2
B
2  x2  R2 
3/ 2

If the loop has N number of turns

0 NiR 2
B
2  x2  R2 
3/ 2

5. Obtain an expression for magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron in a

circular path of in a hydrogen atom, and hence find the value of Bohr magneton.
Ans: Let e be the charge of an electron, r be the radius of a circular path, the electron
revolves. In circular path it constitutes current I.

e
I  (1)
T
If r is radius of the electron and v is orbital speed then time period is
2 r
T  (2)
v
ev
Now putting the T in (1) we get I 
2 r
The magnetic moment M  I  r 2

ev
Then M   r2
2 r
evr
M
2
Multiplying and divides by m, we get
evrm
M
2m
eL
M ( L  mvr angular momentum)
2m
M   e 
  
 L   2m 
 nh 
According to bohr : L   
 2 
e nh
M
2m 2
If n = 1
eh
MB 
4 me
M n  bohr magneton .

16
6. Derive an expression for force between the long straight parallel conductors.

i1 I2
d

Ans: Consider two parallel conductors carrying current i1 and i2 in the same
direction. Let d be the distance between these two conductors. Magnetic field at a
distance ‘d’ due to conductor carrying current i1 is B1.
i
B1  0 1    (1)  inward
2 d
Force on conductor carrying current i2 due to magnetic field B1 is
F21=B1i2l.
 ii l
F1  0 1 2    (2)
2 d
 ii
Force per unit length F  0 1 2 left
2 d
 magnetic field due to conductor carrying current i2 at a distance ‘d’ is B2
i
B2  0 2  outward
2 d
Force on conductor carrying current i1 due to magnetic field B2 is F12=B2i1l
 ii l
F12  0 1 2
2 d
 ii
Force per unit length F  0 1 2 towards right
2 d
The mutual force is attractive.
7. Derive an expression for magnetic field due to current carrying solenoid.
Ans: Let ‘L’ be the length of solenoid containing N number of turns.
n be the number of turns per unit length
N
n 
L

Consider an ampere loop ABCD along CD the field is zero.

Along transverse sections
BC and AD, the fild component is zero let the field along AB be “B”
AD is along the axis of length AD=x
Current in one turn is I0
By applying ampere circuit law
 Bdl  0 I
B C D A
  B dl   B dl   B dl   B dl
A B C d
B
  B.dl  0  0  0
A
B A
  B dl   B dl cos O  Bx
A D
Total number turns in x length = nx total current in turns nx is I = nxI0
 Bx  0 nxI 0
B  0 nI 0

17
8. Derive an expression torque acting on a loop in a uniform magnetic field.
Step – 1 :

Let us consider a rectangular loop ABCD. Dimension of the loop be l and b and
placed in uniformagnetic field. The force on arm BL and AD equal and opposite act
along the axis of coil. So these force will cancel each other.
Step – 2 :
 
The force FAB and FCD on arm AB and CD are equal and opposite. Since these
forces are not collinear, they act as couple.
b b
  FAB sin   FCD sin 
2 2
FAB  FCD  Bil
  Bi  lb  sin 
 BiA sin    A  lb 
We also know that
m  iA
  mB sin 
The above equation in vector form can be written as
  
  m B .
9. Explain the working A moving coil galvanometer.
Ans. Consider a loop carrying current ‘i’, area A is suspended in uniform magnetic field
produced by horse shoe
sho magnetic is ‘B’ the lower end is connected to a springs,
when i current passes
pass the loop containing n turns experiences a torque

  BiAn sin 
  90,  BiAn ….(1)
e spring applies restoring torque  = C
If the …(2)
Due to restoring torque the coil comes to rest at an
angle ‘’’ with field direction
eq (1) = eq (2)
BiAn = C
C
i 
BAn
i
The deflection of the coil is proportional to current in
the call.
C
k
BAn
  BAn 
Current sensitivity Si    
i  C 
   BAn 
Voltage sensitivity SV    .
V iR  CR 

18
10. Conversion a galvanometer in to ammeter and voltmeter.
Ans. A moving coil galvanometer of current ig and resistance ‘G’ can be converted into
ammeter by connected low resistance parallel to the gal
galvanometer.
To convert galvanometer into ann ammeter, shunt resistance connected in parallel
with galvanometer so the potential difference across the combination is same.

Then Vg = Vs
igG = iSS
but i = ig + is
is = i – ig
igG = (i – ig)S
igG
S .
i  ig
To convert galvanometer into ammeter a shunt of ‘S’ should be connected parallel
to Galvanometer.
The resistance of ideal ammeter is ‘O’.
Voltmeter :
To convert galvanometer into voltmeter a high resistance ‘R’ should be connected.
Series to the galvanometer.
galvano
Let ‘R’ should be connected series to the galvanometer.
Let ‘R’ chosen that current is gives full deflection in the galvanometer.

Let G is resistance of galvanometer of range Ig is to be converted into voltmeter of

range V volt.
V  ig  G  R 
V V
GR  R  G .
ig ig

*****

19