A Brief Introduction to Cloud

Computing
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Foreword

⚫ IT is a fast-changing industry. Cloud computing has been developing

rapidly in recent years and has become the foundation of a wide range of
major applications. So, what is cloud computing? How has it evolved to
what it is today? This chapter will offer you a brief introduction to the
history and present of cloud computing.

Page 1 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Objectives

⚫ Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:

 Describe what cloud computing is.

 Describe the history of cloud computing.

 List a few use cases of cloud computing.

 Describe the characteristics of cloud computing.

Page 2 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents

1. Cloud Computing Is Around Us

2. Characteristics of Cloud Computing

3. Cloud Computing Definition

4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing

5. Cloud Computing Models

Page 3 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 What Can Cloud Computing Do?
⚫ let's take a look at the
Products menu on the
HUAWEI CLOUD user portal,
Huawei’s public cloud
service.

⚫ Under Products, we can see

several service categories,
including Compute, Storage,
Network, Application, and
more. Each category further
contains a variable number
of services

Page 4 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 What Can Cloud Computing Do?
⚫ One of the most popular cloud
services on HUAWEI CLOUD is
Elastic Cloud Server (ECS).

⚫ An ECS flavour is similar to the

computer hardware specifications
we see when we buy a new
computer. They both contain CPU,
memory, hard disk, and other
parameters.

⚫ Subscribing to an ECS is just like

buying and setting up a personal
computer, except that an ECS is a
computer on the cloud
Page 5 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 You May Be Using the Cloud Already

Page 6 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents

1. Cloud Computing Is Already Here

2. Characteristics of Cloud Computing

3. Cloud Computing Definition

4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing

5. Cloud Computing Models

Page 7 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(On-demand self-service)

⚫ Supermarket is a good example of on-demand self-service. In

a supermarket, each consumer chooses the items they need
by themselves. For similar goods of the same category, we
make our choice by comparing their prices, brands, and
product descriptions.

⚫ On-demand self-service is also one of the major characteristics Buy

of cloud computing. A consumer can unilaterally provision
computing capabilities, such as server time and network
storage, as needed automatically without requiring human
interaction with each service's provider. 1. On-demand self-
service

Page 8 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(On-demand self-service)

⚫ The prerequisite for on-demand self-service is for the

consumer to understand their own needs and know
which product or products can accommodate such
needs.
Buy

1. On-demand self-service

Page 9 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Broad network access)

⚫ Cloud computing is computing power over the Internet, so

network access is an innate characteristic of cloud computing.

⚫ We can use any electronic device, such as a personal

computer, tablet, or cell phone to connect to the Internet.

⚫ This means we can have access to cloud services through any

electronic device as long as there is network connectivity.

2. Broad network access

Page 10 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Resource pooling)

⚫ Resource pooling is one of the prerequisites for on-

demand self-service.

⚫ Resource pooling is not merely putting all resources of

the same type onto the same rack. It is also about
breaking down the resources by the finest granularities
for flexible, on-demand provisioning.
3. Resource pooling

Page 11 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Resource pooling)

⚫ Another thing that resource pooling does is to shield

the differences in the underlying resources.
⚫ Compute resources include CPU and memory. Pooled
CPU resources are available to consumers per core.
Consumers have no idea whether they are use AMD or
Intel CPUs.
3. Resource pooling

Page 12 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Rapid elasticity)

⚫ For applications that may face fluctuations in demand,

being able to rapidly and elastically provision
computing resources is a desirable feature.

⚫ When the load surges during peak hours or in the case

of a major social or commercial event, more servers can
be quickly provisioned, and automatically in some
cases. When the load reduces, the servers can be 4. Rapid elasticity
quickly released for reallocation.

Page 13 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Rapid elasticity)

⚫ Rapid elasticity, both scaling in or out, can be

achieved manually or based on predefined policies.
Scaling can be done by increasing or decreasing the
quantity of servers, or by increasing or decreasing the
resources available with each server.

⚫ The most significant benefit of rapid elasticity is cost

reduction with guaranteed business continuity and
reliability.
4. Rapid elasticity

Page 14 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Measured service)

⚫ Measured service is how cloud systems L: 1.3 m, Φ: 1 m

control a user or tenant's use of resources

by leveraging a metering capability.
Metering is not billing, although billing is L: 1 m, Φ: 0.7 m

based on metering.

⚫ Measured service ensures that all resource L: 0.71 m, Φ: 0.5 m

usage can be accurately measured, through

technical or other means, based on
5. Measured service
predefined criteria, which can be the
duration of usage, resource quota, or the
volume of data transmitted.
Page 15 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Measured service)

⚫ With these, cloud systems can automatically L: 1.3 m, Φ: 1 m

control and adjust resource configuration

based on usage.
L: 1 m, Φ: 0.7 m
⚫ On the cloud consumers' part, they can
know the exact usage of the services they
have subscribed and decide whether to L: 0.71 m, Φ: 0.5 m

scale up or down based on the current

usage.
5. Measured service

Page 16 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
(Measured service)

⚫ For example, for an ECS, the result can be 1 vCPU, 2 GB memory, and 40 GB disk space,
with a validity period of one month.

shows an example of measured usage of the ECS service.

Page 17 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents

1. Cloud Computing Is Already Here

2. Characteristics of Cloud Computing

3. Cloud Computing Definition

4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing

5. Cloud Computing Models

Page 18 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Computing Definition

⚫ The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud

computing as follows:

⚫ Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-

demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort
or service provider interaction.

Page 19 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Computing Definition

⚫ Note the following key points in this definition:

⚫ Cloud computing is not a technology so much as a service delivery model.

⚫ Cloud computing gives users convenient access to IT services, including networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services, like using utilities such as water and electricity.

⚫ The prerequisite for convenient, on-demand access to cloud resources is network

connectivity.

⚫ Rapid resource provisioning and reclamation fall into the rapid elasticity characteristic of
cloud computing, while minimal management effort and service provider interaction the
on-demand self-service characteristic.

Page 20 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Why the Term “Cloud Computing”?

⚫ The cloud is an image for the Internet. It is an abstraction of the Internet

and the infrastructure that underpins it. Computing refers to computing
services provided by a sufficiently powerful computer capable of providing
a range of functionalities, resources, and storage. Put together, cloud
computing can be understood as the delivery of on-demand, measurable
computing services over the Internet.

Page 21 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents

1. Cloud Computing Is Around Us

2. Characteristics of Cloud Computing

3. Cloud Computing Definition

4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing

5. Cloud Computing Models

Page 22 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 A Brief History of the Internet

1989 2014
The first commercial The browser alliance led
by Google reinforced
1969 network operator 1990
support for HTTPS.
PSINet was founded.
ARPANET was born. The first network
1986 search engine Archie 2004
was launched. Facebook was
The modern email
founded. With it came
1981 routing system 1991
The complete TCP/I the phenomenon of
MERS was
WWW was officially
specifications of the P developed.
social networking.
TCP/IP protocol suite
open to the public. 2000
were established. The dotcom bubble
1983 1984 1995 burst.
ARPANET, PRNET, and
DNS technology was E-commerce
SATNET communicated
introduced. platforms such as
through TCP/IP.
Amazon and eBay
were created.
Page 23 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 A Brief History of Computing
Problem Instructions
SubJob
1

Part 1 Instructions
Job SubJob
Part 2 Instructions 2
Problem
Part 3 Instructions
SubJob
Parallel Distributed
Part 4 3
Instructions Computing Computing
Grid Cloud
Computing computing

Job Job Job Job

Job

Page 24 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 A Brief History of Computing

⚫ Serial Computing: traditionally, software has been written for serial computation:

1. Each problem is broken into a discrete series of instructions.

2. Instructions are executed one after another on a single CPU.

3. Only one instruction may execute at any point in time.

With serial computing, a complex problem takes a long time to process.

Page 25 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 A Brief History of Computing

⚫ Parallel computing: is the simultaneous use of multiple compute resources to solve a

computational problem.

⚫ Each problem is broken into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently.

⚫ Each part is further broken down to a series of instructions.

⚫ Instructions from each part execute simultaneously on different CPUs.

⚫ A unified control mechanism is added to control the entire process.

⚫ Benefits of parallel computing:

⚫ Time and cost savings

⚫ Solving larger problems that can be handled using serial

computing.

Page 26 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 A Brief History of Computing

⚫ Distributed Computing: a distributed system distributes its different components to different

networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions using a unified
messaging mechanism. The components work together in order to achieve a common goal.

⚫ Distributed computing provides the following benefits:

⚫ Easier resource sharing

⚫ Balanced load across multiple computers

⚫ Running each program on the most eligible computers

Page 27 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 A Brief History of Computing

⚫ Parallel and distributed computing both use parallelism to achieve higher

performance. Their difference lies in how memory is used: In parallel computing, the
computer can have a shared memory or distributed memory. In distributed
computing, each computer has its own memory.

Page 28 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 A Brief History of Computing

⚫ Grid Computing:
⚫ It is a special type of distributed computing. According to IBM's definition, a grid
aggregates compute resources dispersed across the local network or even the
Internet, making the end users (or client applications) believe that they have access
to a super and virtual computer.

⚫ Cloud Computing: is a new way of infrastructure sharing. It is hailed as a

revolutionary computing model by its advocates, as it allows the sharing of super
computational power over the Internet.

Page 29 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Computing Evolution
Cloud computing 2.0

Cloud computing Cloud computing

1.0 3.0

Software-defined, integration

Computing virtualization OpenStack

Cloud native, app redesign
VMware AWS
Hyper-V Docker
Xen KVM CoreOS
VMware ESX Cloud Foundry
Cloud-based infrastructure
Standardization and automation of
Virtualization resource services Cloud-native applications

Higher resource utilization Agile application development and

lifecycle management

Page 30 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents

1. Cloud Computing Is Around Us

2. Characteristics of Cloud Computing

3. Cloud Computing Definition

4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing

5. Cloud Computing Models

Page 31 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Deployment Models

Hybrid cloud

Page 32 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Deployment Models

⚫ Public Cloud: is the earliest and best-known form of cloud computing (ex. Backup
& Restore and Google Translate). Public cloud offers utility-like IT services over the
Internet for the public.

⚫ Public clouds are usually built and run by cloud service providers. End users access
cloud resources or services on a subscription basis while the service provider takes
all the maintenance and administration responsibilities.

Page 33 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Deployment Models

⚫ Private Cloud: are usually deployed for internal use within enterprises or other
types of organizations. All the data of a private cloud is stored in the enterprise or
organization's own data center. The data center's ingress firewalls control access to
the data. A private cloud can be built based on the enterprise's legacy architecture.

Page 34 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Deployment Models

⚫ Hybrid Cloud: is a flexible cloud deployment mode. It may comprise two or more
different types of clouds (public, private, and community) . Enterprises may choose
to keep core data assets on-premises for maximum security while other data on
public clouds for cost efficiency because enterprises can have on-demand access
to cloud resources on a pay-per-use basis.
⚫ The downside is that hybrid cloud usually requires more complex setup to address
compatibility issues between heterogeneous infrastructure platforms.

Page 35 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Deployment Models

⚫ Community Cloud: a community cloud is a cloud platform where the cloud

infrastructure is built and managed by a leading organization of a specific
community and shared between several organizations of that community. These
organizations typically have common concerns, such as similar security, privacy,
performance, and compliance requirements.

Transportation Financial Healthcare

cloud cloud cloud
Page 36 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Service Models
Traditional IaaS PaaS SaaS

Applications Applications Applications Applications Applications

In-house
Data Data Data Data Data

In-house
Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime
environment environment environment environment environment

Cloud service provider

Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware

Cloud service provider

In-house
OS Software OS OS OS OS

Cloud service provider

Virtualization Platform Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization

Compute Compute Compute Compute Compute

resources resources resources resources resources
Infrastructur
Storage e Storage Storage Storage Storage
resources resources resources resources resources
Network Network Network Network Network
resources resources resources resources resources

Layers Cloud service models

Page 37 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Cloud Service Models

⚫ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): rather than purchasing servers, data center space or
network equipment, clients instead use those resources as a fully outsourced service. It
encompasses storage devices, actual servers, and network components.

⚫ Platform as a Service (PaaS): Deliver a computing platform required to support the

complete life cycle of building and delivering applications. (the OS on top of the hardware
resources; and the middleware and application runtime environment on top of the OS).

⚫ Software as a Service (SaaS): the software applications are provided to the customers as a
service. SaaS saves the complexity of software installation, maintenance, upgrades, and
patches enables software to be deployed from a cloud provider, delivered over the Internet,
and accessed by a subscriber through a browser. (ex. Google Translate).

Page 38 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Quiz
1. Which of the following services offered by HUAWEI CLOUD (public cloud) falls
into the category of SaaS services?
A. Elastic Cloud Server (ECS)

B. Facial recognition

C. Elastic Volume Service (EVS)

D. Object Storage Service (OBS)

2. The measurable service characteristic of cloud computing means that users pay
for how long and how much they use the cloud service.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

Page 39 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thank You
www.huawei.com