e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and

Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:07/Issue:04/April-2025 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com

RESUME CLUSTERING AND JOB DESCRIPTION MATCHING

Archana V. Ugale1, Sanap Gayatri2, Gunjal Rutik3, Ghumare Amit4, Andhale Shreyas5
1Professor, Department of Information Technology, Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology,
Maharashtra,India
2,3,4,5Department of Information Technology, Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology,
Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT:
ABSTRACT
In the evolving landscape of recruitment, automation has become a crucial tool for enhancing the
speed, accuracy, and fairness of the hiring process. This paper investigates two core components of
recruitment technology: Resume Clustering and Job Description Matching. These techniques are
designed to reduce manual workload and support data-driven hiring decisions by leveraging
machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP), and deep learning models.
Resume clustering enables the grouping of candidate profiles with similar qualifications, while job
description matching aligns candidate resumes with the specific requirements of job roles. The
proposed system integrates these components to form a comprehensive pipeline that ranks
candidates based on their relevance to a given job description. This approach not only streamlines
the hiring process but also minimizes human bias, thereby fostering a more equitable and efficient
recruitment system.
Keywords: Resume Clustering, Job Description Matching, Natural Language Processing, Machine
Learning, Text Mining, Semantic Analysis, Recruitment Automation, Candidate Screening, Job Fit
Prediction.

1. INTRODUCTION
As the digital transformation accelerates, recruitment processes are increasingly adopting intelligent
automation. The traditional model—where HR professionals manually review vast numbers of
resumes—is no longer viable due to time constraints and the potential for human error or
unconscious bias. This shift has given rise to sophisticated tools that automate screening, filtering,
and ranking of candidates.

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[1]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:07/Issue:04/April-2025 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com

One of the most promising solutions involves the combination of Resume Clustering and Job
Description Matching. Resume clustering organizes resumes into groups based on shared traits,
such as skills, qualifications, or work experience. This allows recruiters to quickly identify high-
potential candidates within specific categories. Meanwhile, job description matching uses advanced
semantic understanding to evaluate how well a candidate’s profile aligns with the requirements
outlined in a job posting.
Simple keyword-matching methods are insufficient for modern hiring needs. Instead, techniques
like semantic embeddings, context-aware models, and transformers (e.g., BERT) enable a
deeper analysis of resume and job description content. These tools account for language variability,
synonyms, and domain-specific terms.
Furthermore, by minimizing manual decision-making, automated systems promote fairness and
inclusivity in recruitment. Candidate evaluations focus solely on qualifications, reducing the risk of
bias based on age, gender, or background.
This research presents a unified system that merges clustering and matching, powered by machine
learning and NLP. The proposed framework improves not only the efficiency of resume screening
but also the overall accuracy and objectivity of candidate selection.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Early Approaches
Initial solutions in automated resume matching focused on keyword-based models. These systems
compared resumes and job descriptions by identifying common terms. However, they struggled with
issues like inconsistent terminology and lacked the ability to understand the context or meaning
behind words.
Semantic NLP Models
Purohit et al. (2018) highlighted the limitations of basic keyword extraction and emphasized the
need for semantic analysis. By using techniques like Word2Vec, they introduced contextual
embeddings that helped map semantically similar terms (e.g., “developer” vs. “programmer”),
improving match accuracy.
Kaur & Kumar (2020) proposed using supervised machine learning algorithms such as decision
trees, support vector machines (SVMs), and random forests to automate resume classification
and recommendation. Their use of ensemble methods improved the robustness and generalizability
of the system across various industries and resume formats.
Resume Clustering Techniques

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[2]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:07/Issue:04/April-2025 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com

Chowdhury et al. (2019) explored unsupervised clustering methods like K-means and
hierarchical clustering to group similar resumes. This method provided recruiters with categorized
candidate pools, dramatically reducing screening time.
Transformer-Based Deep Learning
Li et al. (2021) utilized transformer models like BERT to compare job descriptions with resumes.
BERT’s bidirectional attention allowed it to capture complex semantic relationships in text, leading
to better performance in resume-job matching tasks compared to traditional models like TF-IDF or
Word2Vec.
End-to-End Intelligent Systems
Dhingra et al. (2020) proposed a comprehensive solution integrating entity recognition, semantic
analysis, and deep learning to create an end-to-end automated screening system. Their work
demonstrated scalability and accuracy, especially for large organizations.
Multimodal Resume Matching
Zhou & Li (2022) introduced multi-modal analysis, combining textual resume data with external
sources like online profiles. Their approach provided a more holistic view of candidates and
improved matching outcomes by using BERT embeddings alongside performance metrics.
These studies collectively demonstrate a shift from simple rule-based models to sophisticated AI
systems that improve recruitment quality through semantic understanding, data clustering, and real-
time adaptation.

3. METHODOLOGY
The proposed system is designed to process resumes and job descriptions at scale using machine
learning and NLP. It consists of two main components: Resume Clustering and Job Description
Matching.
3.1 Resume Clustering
a. Data Preprocessing
• File Conversion: Resumes in PDF, DOCX, or image formats are converted to plain text using OCR
and parsing libraries.
• Tokenization: Text is split into tokens (words or phrases).
• Noise Removal: Removal of stopwords, punctuation, and irrelevant terms.
• Lemmatization/Stemming: Words are reduced to their root forms to unify variations.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:07/Issue:04/April-2025 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com

b. Feature Extraction
• TF-IDF (Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency): Identifies important terms within
individual resumes.
• Word Embeddings: Models like Word2Vec or GloVe provide semantic vector representations of
words based on context.
c. Clustering Algorithm
• K-means Clustering: Used to group resumes into K distinct clusters.
• Elbow Method: Helps determine the optimal number of clusters by analyzing within-cluster sum-
of-squares.
3.2 Job Description Matching
a. Preprocessing Job Descriptions
• Same cleaning steps as resume preprocessing.
• Removal of domain-specific noise terms (e.g., “team,” “corporate,” etc.).
b. Feature Representation
• TF-IDF Vectors: Capture frequency-weighted importance of terms.
• Semantic Embeddings (e.g., BERT): Capture contextual meanings and relationships between
terms.
c. Similarity Metrics
• Cosine Similarity: Measures the angle between resume and job vectors.
• Jaccard Similarity: Compares the intersection and union of term sets for small text chunks.
3.3 Integrated Matching Strategy
• Step 1: Cluster resumes based on similarity in skillsets and experience.
• Step 2: Match job descriptions to the most relevant clusters only, reducing search space.
• Step 3: Within each selected cluster, rank resumes based on their similarity scores to the job
description.
4. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The system consists of three primary modules:
1. User Interface (UI)

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:07/Issue:04/April-2025 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com

• Supports uploading of resumes and job descriptions in multiple formats.

• Displays clustered resumes and ranked matches in a clean, interactive dashboard.
• Filters allow HR users to search by skill, experience, or similarity score.
2. Automatic Resume Screening Engine
• Uses pre-trained BERT models and TF-IDF vectors for dual-layered semantic analysis.
• Calculates similarity scores and ranks resumes accordingly.
• Automates shortlisting, eliminating the need for manual sifting.
3. Feedback Loop for Continuous Learning
• HR professionals can manually adjust rankings based on qualitative judgments.
• System logs these corrections to retrain and improve model performance over time.
• Adapts to domain-specific hiring patterns and recruiter preferences.
4. Scalability
• Designed to run on cloud infrastructure for horizontal scaling.
• Capable of handling thousands of resumes and job descriptions simultaneously.
• Ideal for high-volume recruitment scenarios or job portals.

5. Key Features and Benefits

Feature Benefit

Automated Screening Reduces manual effort and shortens time-to-hire.

Semantic Resume Accurately aligns resumes with job descriptions using

Matching contextual analysis.

Resume Clustering Organizes candidates by profile type, simplifying navigation.

Continuous Learning Improves matching over time through HR feedback.

Bias Reduction Promotes fairness by focusing only on qualifications.

Cloud Scalability Handles recruitment needs of organizations of all sizes.

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[5]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:07/Issue:04/April-2025 Impact Factor- 8.187 www.irjmets.com

CONCLUSION:
This research proposes an integrated approach for Resume Clustering and Job Description Matching
using advanced machine learning and NLP techniques. By combining unsupervised learning for clustering
with semantic matching algorithms, our system provides an efficient, scalable, and accurate solution for
automating the recruitment process. The expected outcomes demonstrate the potential for reducing hiring
time, improving candidate-job fit, and supporting HR professionals in making more informed decisions.
Future work could focus on the use of deep learning models like BERT to further improve the system’s
matching capabilities and enhance its adaptability to various industries.

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