Soft Computing Techniques
Week-03 Assignment-03 (Solution)
Solutions for Week 3: Fuzzy Inference, Fuzzy rule based system
1. (b). In the statement ‘if X is A then Y is B’, ‘X is A’ is antecedent and ‘Y is B’ is consequence.
2. (d). Zadeh’s max-min rule is defined as fmm (a, b) = (1 − a) ∨ (a ∧ b)
3. (c). The application of fuzzy inference systems is automatic control, decision analysis, and data
classification.
4. (b). For given X, Y, A, and B the implication relation if x is A then y is B is given by
R = (A × B) ∪ (Ā × Y )
0 0 0 0
0.2 0.8 0.8 0
Now, A × B =
0.2 0.6 0.6 0
0.2 1.0 0.8 0
1 1 1 1
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
and, Ā × Y =
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2
then R becomes, R =
0.4
0.6 0.6 0.4
0.2 1.0 0.8 0
5. (a). The implication relation : if x is A then y is B else y is C, is given by
R = (A × B) ∪ (Ā × C)
0 0 0 0
0.2 0.8 0.8 0
Now, A × B =
0.2 0.6 0.6 0
0.2 1.0 0.8 0
0 0.4 1.0 0.8
0 0.2 0.2 0.2
and, Ā × C =
0
0.4 0.4 0.4
0 0 0 0
0 0.4 1.0 0.8
0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2
then R becomes, R =
0.2
0.6 0.6 0.4
0.2 1.0 0.8 0
6. (b) and (c). We interpret A entails B as follows :
(i) R : A → B = Ā ∪ B is material implication.
(ii) R : A → B = (Ā ∩ B̄) ∪ B is extended propositional calculus.
(iii) R : A → B = Ā ∪ (A ∩ B) is propositional calculus.
7. (d). The algebraic product T-norm operator Tap (a, b) is ab.
8. (c). The intermediate variable in the chain rule of fuzzy inference serves as a bridge between two fuzzy
rules.
9. (d). For the given data, we have
0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6
A×B = 1 0.5 and Ā × Y = 0 0
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4
then R(x, y) becomes
R(x, y) = (A × B) ∪ (Ā × Y )
0.6 0.6
=⇒ R(x, y) = 1 0.5
0.6 0.5
and for the given fact that y is B ′ the conclusion is given by
A′ = B ′ oR(x, y)
0.6 0.6
=⇒ A′ = 0.9 0.6 o 1 0.5
0.6 0.5
=⇒ A′ = 0.6 0.9 0.6
So, conclusion is x is A′ where A′ = {x1 , 0.6), (x2 , 0.9), (x3 , 0.6)}
10. (b). In a fuzzy inference system, a rule base contains fuzzy rules defined as ‘if-then’ statements.
11. (b) and (c). The antecedents in the given fuzzy rule are service is excellent and food is delicious.
12. (a). In the generalized modus ponens, if the degree of overlap between A and A′ is zero then no
inference will be made.
13. (c). The Drastic product operator is given by
a
if b = 1
fdp (a, b) = b if a = 1
0 otherwise
14. (d). Difference between generalized modus ponens(GMP) and modus ponens is GMP accommodates
fuzzy premises and rule.
15. (d). In Mamdani fuzzy inference, fuzzy sets are used for outputs.