Influence Grade -12 Unit – 27

Word Synonym Contextual Use Word Family

Acknowledge (v) recognize, 1. He acknowledged his mistake and apologized. (v) acknowledgment (n),
admit, accept 2. The teacher acknowledged the student's effort. (v) acknowledged (adj)

Admit (v) confess, 1. He admitted to stealing the money. (v) admission (n),
accept, allow 2. The museum admits visitors free of charge. (v) admissible (adj)

Argumentative quarrelsome, 1. He has an argumentative personality. (adj) argument (n),

(adj) combative, 2. The article was written in an argumentative style. (adj) argumentatively
confrontational (adv)

Assure (v) /əˈʃʊr/ guarantee, 1. She assured him that everything would be fine. (v) assurance (n),
promise, 2. The company assures high-quality service. (v) assuredly (adv)
convince

Basis (n) foundation, 1. The decision was made on a logical basis. (n) base (v), basic (adj)
principle, base 2. His argument has no solid basis. (n)

Bill (n, v) invoice, charge, 1. The waiter brought the bill after the meal. (n) billing (n), billed (adj)
legislation 2. The government passed a new bill on education. (n)

Cluster (n, v) group, bunch, 1. A cluster of stars was visible in the night sky. (n) clustered (adj),
collection 2. The houses were clustered near the river. (v) clustering (n)

Conduce (v) contribute, 1. Hard work conduces to success. (v) conducive (adj)
lead, promote 2. A peaceful environment conduces to learning. (v)

Courteous (adj) polite, 1. The staff was very courteous to the guests. (adj) courtesy (n),
/ˈkɜːrtiəs/ respectful, 2. He gave a courteous response to the criticism. (adj) courteously (adv)
well-mannered

Decisively (adv) resolutely, 1. She acted decisively to solve the problem. (adv) decisive (adj),
firmly, 2. The team won the match decisively. (adv) decision (n)
definitely

Detrimental harmful, 1. Smoking has a detrimental effect on health. (adj) detriment (n),
(adj) damaging, 2. Pollution is detrimental to the environment. (adj) detrimentally (adv)
adverse

Distinction (n) difference, 1. There is a clear distinction between right and wrong. distinctive (adj),
contrast, (n) distinguish (v)
uniqueness 2. She graduated with distinction. (n)

Explicit (adj) clear, direct, 1. The instructions were explicit and easy to follow. (adj) explicitly (adv),
detailed 2. He made an explicit statement about his intentions. explicitness (n)
(adj)

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Influence Grade -12 Unit – 27

Faintly (adv) slightly, weakly, 1. She could faintly hear the music from the next room. faint (adj), faintness
barely (adv) (n)
2. The light flickered faintly in the distance. (adv)

Generate (v) produce, 1. The power plant generates electricity. (v) generation (n),
create, cause 2. His speech generated a lot of discussion. (v) generative (adj)

Haphazard (adj, random, 1. The books were arranged in a haphazard manner. (adj) haphazardly (adv)
adv) unorganized, 2. He made a haphazard attempt to solve the problem.
/ˌhæpˈhæzərd/ chaotic (adj)

Improperly (adv) incorrectly, 1. The machine was improperly installed. (adv) improper (adj),
inappropriately, 2. He was accused of behaving improperly. (adv) impropriety (n)
wrongly

Incur (v) suffer, 1. He incurred a huge debt after losing his job. (v) incurrence (n),
experience, 2. The company incurred losses due to poor incurred (adj)
bring upon management. (v)
oneself

Innovation (n) invention, 1. The company is known for its innovation in technology. innovate (v),
improvement, (n) innovative (adj)
advancement 2. Innovation is key to staying ahead in business. (n)

Laundry (n) washing, 1. She did the laundry in the morning. (n) laundromat (n),
clothes, linen 2. The hotel offers a laundry service for guests. (n) laundering (v)

Lynch (v) execute, hang, 1. The mob lynched the suspect without a trial. (v) lynching (n), lynched
murder 2. Lynchings were a tragic part of history. (v) (adj)

Misuse (n, v) abuse, 1. The misuse of company funds led to an investigation. misused (adj),
mishandle, (n) misusing (n)
exploit 2. He misused his authority for personal gain. (v)

Neutral (adj, n) impartial, 1. Switzerland remained neutral during the war. (adj) neutrality (n),
unbiased, 2. The referee must be neutral in the game. (adj) neutrally (adv)
indifferent

Obscure (adj, v) unclear, 1. His speech was full of obscure references. (adj) obscurity (n),
unknown, 2. The fog obscured the view. (v) obscurely (adv)
conceal

Pale (adj, v) light, faint, 1. His face turned pale when he heard the news. (adj) paleness (n), palely
weak 2. The colors of the painting have paled over time. (v) (adv)

Perception (n) understanding, 1. His perception of the situation was completely wrong. perceive (v),
awareness, (n) perceptive (adj)
insight 2. Cultural differences affect our perception of beauty. (n)

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Influence Grade -12 Unit – 27

Petition (n, v) request, 1. The citizens signed a petition against the new law. (n) petitioner (n),
appeal, plea 2. The workers petitioned for better wages. (v) petitioning (n)

Precisely (adv) exactly, 1. He measured the ingredients precisely. (adv) precise (adj),
accurately, 2. The plan must be executed precisely. (adv) precision (n)
specifically

Refute (v) disprove, 1. The scientist refuted the false claims. (v) refutation (n),
contradict, 2. She refuted the accusations with evidence. (v) refutable (adj)
deny

Resemble (v) look like, be 1. He closely resembles his father. (v) resemblance (n),
similar to, 2. The fake painting resembled the original. (v) resembling (adj)
mirror

Roam (v, n) wander, travel, 1. The buffaloes roamed freely in the grasslands. (v) roaming (n), roamed
drift 2. He loves to roam around new cities. (v) (adj)

Sane (adj) rational, sound- 1. After resting, he felt more sane. (adj) sanity (n), sanely
minded, 2. She remained sane despite the stressful situation. (adj) (adv)
sensible

Secular (adj) non-religious, 1. The constitution supports a secular government. (adj) secularism (n),
worldly, earthly 2. The school provides secular education. (adj) secularize (v)

Skip (v, n) jump, miss, 1. He skipped breakfast and went straight to work. (v) skipping (n), skipped
omit 2. The child skipped happily down the street. (v) (adj)

Spacious (adj) roomy, large, 1. The apartment is spacious and well-lit. (adj) space (n), spaciously
vast 2. They bought a house with a spacious backyard. (adj) (adv)

Stamina (n) endurance, 1. Long-distance runners need great stamina. (n) stamina-building (n)
/ˈstæmɪnə/ strength, 2. His stamina allowed him to work long hours without
resilience getting tired. (n)

Stir (v, n) mix, agitate, 1. She stirred the soup with a spoon. (v) stirring (adj), stirred
excite 2. His speech stirred strong emotions in the audience. (v) (adj)

Subsistence (n) survival, 1. Many people depend on farming for subsistence. (n) subsist (v), subsisting
livelihood, 2. The tribe lived a simple life of subsistence. (n) (n)
existence

Sweep (v, n) clean, brush, 1. She swept the floor with a broom. (v) sweeping (adj),
move rapidly 2. The storm swept across the city. (v) swept (adj)

Underestimate miscalculate, 1. Never underestimate the power of determination. (v) underestimation (n),
(v) undervalue, 2. He underestimated the cost of the project. (v) underestimated (adj)
/ˌʌndərˈɛstɪmeɪt/ downplay

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Influence Grade -12 Unit – 27

Uphold (v) support, 1. The court upheld the previous decision. (v) upholding (n),
maintain, 2. He vowed to uphold justice at all costs. (v) upheld (adj)
defend

Vehemently passionately, 1. She vehemently denied the accusations. (adv) vehement (adj),
(adv) forcefully, 2. He argued vehemently against the policy. (adv) vehemence (n)
/ˈviːəməntli/ intensely

Yield (v, n) produce, give 1. The farm yielded a good harvest. (v) yielding (adj),
way, surrender 2. He refused to yield to pressure. (v) yielded (adj)