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AVENIR

The study investigates the use of corn husk and corncob as sustainable alternatives to wooden and plastic utensils, focusing on their physical and mechanical properties. A sample of 50 Hospitality Management students provided feedback on various formulations, with the Kruskal-Wallis H test indicating no significant differences among them. The research highlights the potential for eco-friendly utensils to reduce agricultural waste and support local livelihoods, aligning with sustainable development goals.

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3 views

AVENIR

The study investigates the use of corn husk and corncob as sustainable alternatives to wooden and plastic utensils, focusing on their physical and mechanical properties. A sample of 50 Hospitality Management students provided feedback on various formulations, with the Kruskal-Wallis H test indicating no significant differences among them. The research highlights the potential for eco-friendly utensils to reduce agricultural waste and support local livelihoods, aligning with sustainable development goals.

Uploaded by

ninobaloro4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.Can you justify the sample size and explain how it was determined?

 We selected 50 Hospitality Management students through purposive sampling


because they have practical knowledge in using kitchen utensils. This sample size
ensures adequate feedback while remaining manageable for a small-scale
experimental study.

2. How did you ensure that your sample was representative of the population?
 We focused on HM students who are frequent utensil users. Their experience in
culinary tools provides us with informed and realistic evaluations, making their
feedback reliable for assessing usability and acceptability.

3. What are the practical implications of your research findings?


 Our study presents a sustainable alternative to wooden and plastic utensils. If
further developed, it can:

Reduce agricultural waste.


Offer eco-friendly utensils to consumers.
Support local livelihoods through production of corn by-product-based items.

4. Why is this research important?


 It addresses environmental concerns, such as plastic waste and deforestation. By
turning agricultural waste (corn husk and corncob) into useful products, we
promote circular economy principles and reduce reliance on non-renewable
resources.

5. What are the potential applications of your research findings in real-world settings?

Eco-friendly kitchen utensils for households or restaurants.


Biodegradable food containers or packaging materials.
Rural enterprise development using corn waste as a raw material.

6. Can you explain the statistical test you used and why they were chosen?
 We used Kruskal-Wallis H test (a non-parametric method) to determine if there
were significant differences among the four formulations. Since our data are
ordinal (from Likert scales) and didn’t follow normal distribution, this test was
most appropriate.

7. What measures did you take to ensure the reliability and validity of your data?

We used a validated questionnaire adapted from Way (2019).


Reliability was ensured through clear criteria and pilot testing.
Data consistency was checked using standard deviation and variance.
Ethical consent and anonymity strengthened response honesty.

8. Explain your experimentation process/data gathering process.


We;Collected and processed corn husk and corncob (cleaned, dried, soaked in NaOH,
boiled, blended into pulp).

Molded utensils using different formulations.


Distributed them to respondents for evaluation.
Gathered data through structured questionnaires.

9. How did you gather your data?


 Data was gathered via Likert-scale surveys given to 50 HM students after they
tested the utensils. Each formulation was evaluated based on physical and
mechanical properties.

10. How did you ensure the ethical aspect in conducting this study?
We; Provided consent forms explaining the purpose, risks, and participants' rights.
Maintained confidentiality and voluntary participation.
Ensured no harm to participants and used non-toxic materials in utensil production.

11. How do your findings compare to the other existing literature on this topic?
 While prior studies confirm the structural potential of corn husk and cob (in
boards, packaging, etc.), our study is unique in applying them to utensils. We
built on those foundations, confirming that with proper formulation, these
materials are indeed acceptable for this new application.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1. What is the rationale or reason for conducting this study?
 Plastic and wooden utensils cause environmental issues: plastics are non-
biodegradable, and wooden utensils contribute to deforestation. Since corn husk
and corncob are abundant agricultural wastes, our study aims to turn them into
sustainable, biodegradable utensils that help reduce waste and conserve natural
resources.

2. What is your main research problem or question?


 We aim to find out if corn husk and corncob can serve as viable alternative
materials for producing functional and eco-friendly wooden utensils.

3. What are your specific research questions?


What are the physical and mechanical properties of the utensils made from corn husk
and corncob?
Which formulation among the four is most suitable for utensil production?
Is there a significant difference among the four formulations in terms of quality and
usability?

4. What is the scope and delimitation of your study?

Focused only on corn husk and corncob as materials.


Only spoons and forks were produced and tested.
Does not include cost analysis or market viability.

5. Who can benefit from your study?


 Environment: Less plastic and wood waste.
 Farmers and rural areas: New livelihood opportunities by repurposing corn waste.
 Consumers: Access to biodegradable and safe utensils.
Future researchers: Foundation for exploring other uses of agricultural waste.

6. Why is this study relevant today?


 It supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) like responsible
consumption and production, climate action, and life on land. It also introduces
new ways to repurpose agricultural waste into something useful.

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES


1. What does the literature say about corn husk and corncob as materials?
 Studies confirm corn husk and corncob have fibrous, durable, and insulating
properties.Used in particleboards, insulation materials, and even biodegradable
packaging.Local and foreign studies show potential for household products and
eco-construction.

2. How does your study fill the gap in existing literature?


 While other research explored corn by-products in boards and packaging, very
few focused on their use for utensils. Our study fills that gap by:

Testing different formulations.


Evaluating physical and mechanical qualities.
Gathering real user feedback from people trained in hospitality.

3. What theories support your study?


 Biodegradability and Sustainable Material Theory: Natural fibers can replace
non-renewables (Thompson & Moore, 2019).
 Resource Optimization and Circular Economy: Using waste to create new
products reduces environmental impact.

4. What is your conceptual framework?


Input → Process → Output model:
Input: Corn husk and corncob, wooden utensils for comparison.
Process: Collection, cleaning, molding, and testing.
Output: Utensils that are evaluated, rated, and compared to assess feasibility.

RRL
FOREIGN

1. Pinto et al. (2012)


Study: Investigated corncob as a material for building insulation in Portugal.
Findings: Corncob has good thermal insulation, similar to cork.
Connection: Supports our study that corncob has useful physical properties and can be
used in making eco-friendly products like utensils.

2. K.W. Prasetiyo et al. (2011)

Study: Created particleboards using corn husk and tested different adhesives.
Findings: Boards with citric acid adhesive had the best strength and durability.
Connection: Shows corn husk is strong enough when processed right—important for
making utensils.

3. Adhita Asma et al. (2020)


Study: Explored papermaking from corn husks in Indonesia.
Findings: Corn husk is rich in cellulose, making it suitable for paper and similar
products.
Connection: Confirms corn husk is flexible and fiber-rich, useful for molding into
utensils.

4. Suhaila Sahat et al. (2016)


Study: Made thermal insulation panels using ground corncob.
Findings: Corncob can reduce indoor heat—proving it’s a good insulating material.
Connection: Highlights the structural strength of corncob, which supports its potential
in utensil-making.

5. Dani Nandiyanto et al. (2020)


Study: Evaluated the economic feasibility of making briquettes from corncob waste.
Findings: Corncob can be made into valuable products using low-cost processes.
Connection: Supports that corncob has both environmental and economic value, just
like in our utensil study.

✅ LOCAL LITERATURE & STUDIES

1. Sheena Rose M. Avenilla et al. (2019)


Study: Used corncob and wood shavings to create composite boards.
Findings: The materials passed durability tests like screw withdrawal and water
absorption.
Connection: Shows that corncob can be processed into strong, practical products.

2. Jasmine B. Zipagan (2020)


Study: Explored using corncob for eco-friendly packaging like food trays.
Findings: Corncob was a good substitute for plastic or Styrofoam.
Connection: Proves corncob is safe for food-related uses, supporting our idea for
utensils.

3. Timica E. Cabaling et al. (2020)


Study: Investigated corn husk and corncob to make sustainable utensils.
Findings: With the right processing, they can be durable and functional.
Connection: Directly related to our study—it confirms that utensils made from these
materials are promising.

4. Hene L. Hapinat (2020)


Study: Used corn husk to make novelty items like flowers and wreaths.
Findings: Found the best dyeing treatment and promoted local livelihood.
Connection: Shows corn husk is flexible and can be used for crafting—important for
shaping utensils.
GIUNSA NINYO PAG ANALYZE ANG DATA

-Among gi-analyze ang data gamit ang descriptive ug inferential statistics. Una,
among gigamit ang mean, median, standard deviation, og variance para makita ang
overall rating ug consistency sa responses sa mga participants.

-Sunod, para sa inferential analysis, among gigamit ang Kruskal-Wallis H Test kay
ang among data gikan sa Likert Scale (ordinal data), ug dili siya normally distributed.
Ang purpose ani nga test kay para makita kung naay significant difference sa mga
four formulations sa corn husk ug corncob utensils.

-Ang resulta, ang p-values tanan kay mas dako sa 0.05, meaning walay statistically
significant difference sa physical ug mechanical properties sa mga formulations. Pero
sa descriptive analysis, klaro nga Formulation D ang pinaka-acceptable based sa
median ug mean scores."

NULL HYPOTHESIS

"Our null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference in the physical and
mechanical properties of the utensils made from the four different formulations of
corn husk and corncob. In other words, all formulations perform similarly.

Based on the Kruskal-Wallis H Test results, all the p-values were greater than 0.05, so
we failed to reject the null hypothesis. This means that statistically, there was no
significant difference among the four treatments.

However, our descriptive data showed that Formulation D received the highest ratings
and was the most acceptable in terms of physical and mechanical properties."

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