Cloud Computing

Chapter 2|Virtualization and Cloud platforms

 Virtualization
 Virtualization is changing the mindset from physical to logical.
 What virtualization means is creating more logical IT resources, called virtual
systems, within one physical system. That’s called system virtualization.
 Benefits of Virtualization
 More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.
 Enhance development productivity.
 It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
 Remote access and rapid scalability.
 High availability and disaster recovery.
 Pay per use of the IT infrastructure on demand.
 Enables running multiple operating system.
 Types of Virtualization
 Application Virtualization: helps a user to have a remote access of an
application from a server.
 Network Virtualization: is the ability to run multiple virtual networks with
each has a separate control and data plan.
 Desktop Virtualization: allows the user to access their desktop virtually,
from any location by different machine.
 Storage Virtualization: is an array of servers that are managed by a virtual
storage system.
 Technologies that use application virtualization are :
 hosted applications and
 packaged applications.
 Main benefits of desktop virtualization are user mobility, portability, and easy
management of software installation, updates and patches.
 Full VirtualiZation
 Virtual machine simulates hardware to allow an unmodified guest OS to be run
in isolation.

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  There is two type of Full virtualizations in the enterprise market:
1. Software assisted full virtualization: It completely relies on binary
translation to trap and virtualize the execution of sensitive, non-
virtualizable instructions sets.
2. Hardware-assisted full virtualization: eliminates the binary translation
and it directly interrupts with hardware using the virtualization technology
which has been integrated on X86 processors since 2005 (Intel VT-x and
AMD-V).
 Paravirtualization
 Paravirtualization works differently from the full virtualization.
 It doesn’t need to simulate the hardware for the virtual machines.
 lisf of products which supports paravirtualization:
 Xen
 IBM LPAR
 Oracle VM for SPARC (LDOM)
 Oracle VM for X86 (OVM)
 Hybrid Virtualization (Hardware Virtualized with PV Drivers)
 It’s a combination of both Full & Paravirtualization.
 The virtual machine uses paravirtualization for specific hardware drivers , and
the host uses full virtualization for other features.
 The following products support hybrid virtualization.
 Oracle VM for x86
 Xen
 VMware ESXi
 OS level Virtualization
 Operating system-level virtualization is widely used.
 It also known as “containerization”.
 Host Operating system kernel allows multiple user spaces also known as
instance.
 oracle Solaris zone is one of the famous containers in the enterprise market.
 list of other containers.
 Linux LCX
 Docker
 AIX WPAR
 Virtual computing

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  refers to the use of a remote computer from a local computer where the actual
computer user is located.
 Virtual Machine
 Is an operating system (OS) or application environment that is installed on
software, which reproduces dedicated hardware
 Virtual Machine Conversions in VMM
 When you use cloud computing, you are accessing pooled resources using a
technique called virtualization.
 Virtualization assigns a logical name for a physical resource and then provides a
pointer to that physical resource when a request is made.
 Virtualization provides a means to manage resources efficiently because the
mapping of virtual resources to physical resources can be both dynamic and
facile.
 Virtualization is dynamic in that the mapping can be assigned based on rapidly
changing conditions, and it is facile because changes to a mapping assignment
can be nearly instantaneous.
 different types of virtualization that are characteristic of cloud
computing:
 Access: A client can request access to a cloud service from any location.
 Application: A cloud has multiple application instances and directs requests to
an instance based on conditions.
 CPU: Computers can be partitioned into a set of virtual machines with each
machine being assigned a workload.
 Storage: Data is stored across storage devices and often replicated for
redundancy.
 Mobility patterns:
 P2V: Physical to Virtual
 V2V: Virtual to Virtual
 V2P: Virtual to Physical
 P2P: Physical to Physical
 D2C: Datacenter to Cloud
 C2C: Cloud to Cloud
 C2D: Cloud to Datacenter
 D2D: Datacenter to Datacenter

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  Virtual Machine Types
1. General Purpose
 This family includes the M1 and M3 VM types.
2. Compute Optimized
 This family includes the C1 and CC2 instance types, and is geared
towards applications that benefit from high compute power.
3. Memory Optimized
 This family includes the CR1 and M2 VM types and is designed for
memory-intensive applications.
4. Micro
 This Micro family contains the T1 VM type
 Load Balancing
 In computing, load balancing improves the distribution of workloads across
multiple computing resources, such as computers, a computer cluster, network
links, central processing units, or disk drives.
 Need of load balancing in cloud computing
1. High Performing applications
2. Increased scalability
3. Ability to handle sudden traffic spikes
4. Business continuity with complete flexibility
 Network resources that can be load balanced
 Servers
 Routing mechanism
 Hypervisors
 It is the part of the private cloud that manages the virtual machines.
 There are two types of hypervisors:
 Type 1 hypervisor: hypervisors run directly on the system hardware – A “bare
metal” embedded hypervisor.
 Type 2 hypervisor: hypervisors run on a host operating system that provides
virtualization services, such as I/O device support and memory management.
 Machine Imaging
 is a process that is used to achieve the goal of system portability, provision, and
deploy systems in the cloud through capturing the state of systems using a
system image.
 Cloud Marketplace

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  is an online storefront operated by a cloud service provider.
 provides customers with access to software applications and services that are
built on, integrate with or complement the cloud provider's offerings.
 Short forms, or abbreviations used in this chapter
 VPN: virtual Private Network.
 BT: Binary Translation.
 VT: Hardware-assisted Virtualization
 VM: Vertual Machine.
 VMM: Virtual Machine Migration.
 PV: Paravirtualization.
 NCs: Node Controllers.
 EC2: Elastic Computer Cloud.
 CRM: Customer relashionship Management.
 AMI: Amazon Machine Image.

Cloud Computing
Chapter 2
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