Data visualization Using

Power BI
 Data visualization
Data visualization is the graphical representation of data to help
people understand the patterns, trends, and insights within the data more
easily and effectively. It involves the use of visual elements like charts,
graphs, maps, and other graphical representations to present data in a way
that is visually accessible and comprehensible.
1. Reveals Patterns and Trends
2. Enhances Decision-Making Data visualization is essential
3. Supports Storytelling because it transforms data into a visual
language that humans are naturally
4. Facilitates Data Communication
wired to understand. It helps uncover
5. Identifies Anomalies insights, aids in decision-making,
6. Improves Data Exploration supports effective communication and
enhances our ability to derive meaning
7. Increases Data Accessibility
from data in a world overflowing with
8. Enhances Communication information.
 Basic components of data visualization
1. Data Points: These are the individual data values or observations that
you want to visualize. Data points are typically represented as dots, bars,
lines, or other graphical elements in a chart or graph.
2. Axes: Axes provide the framework for your data visualization. In a
Cartesian coordinate system (most common), you have two axes: the x-
axis (horizontal) and the y-axis (vertical). These axes provide scales for
measuring and comparing data values.
3. Labels: Labels are used to identify and provide context for different
elements in your visualization. Key labels include:
- Axis Labels: These are used to describe what each axis represents. For
example, "Time" on the x-axis and "Sales" on the y-axis.
- Data Point Labels: These labels directly annotate specific data points,
making it clear what they represent.
- Legend: In multi-series charts, a legend is used to label and differentiate
between different data series or categories.
4. Title: A title provides an overall description or summary of your visualization.
It helps viewers understand the main message or purpose of the chart or graph.
5. Gridlines: Gridlines are horizontal and vertical lines that run along the axes.
They help readers estimate values from the chart and provide a reference for
understanding data points.
6. Colors: Colors are used to distinguish between different data series or
categories within your visualization. Color choices should be meaningful and
accessible to all viewers, including those with color vision deficiencies.
7. Shapes and Symbols: Different shapes and symbols can be used in scatter
plots and other chart types to represent data points or categories, especially
when color is not a viable differentiator.
8. Background: The background of your visualization, including color or shading,
can be used to enhance readability and aesthetics.
9. X-Axis Tick Labels: These labels appear along the x-axis (horizontal axis) of a
chart or graph. They represent the values or categories of the independent
variable, which is typically displayed horizontally.
Y-Axis Tick Labels: These
labels appear along the y-
axis (vertical axis) of a chart
or graph. They represent the
values of the dependent
variable, which is usually
displayed vertically. Y-axis
tick labels provide a scale or
reference for interpreting
the magnitude or quantity of
the data being presented.
 Tooltip
A tooltip in Power BI is a
powerful feature that provides
additional information or context
about data points in your
visualizations when you hover
over them with your mouse cursor.
It's like a pop-up window that
appears when you point to a data
point, offering insights,
explanations, or details that help
users better understand the data
being presented. Tooltips can
significantly enhance the
interactivity and informativeness
of your reports and dashboards
 The most popular Power BI visual graphs
1. Column Chart
In a column chart, categories are typically displayed along the horizontal x-
axis, and the values are shown on the vertical y-axis. Each category is represented
by a vertical bar, and the height of the bar corresponds to the value it represents.
Column charts are one of the most straightforward and widely used chart types for
visualizing data comparisons.
Advantages:
Comparative Analysis:
Visual Clarity:
Data Distribution:
Ranking
Use Cases:
Sales Analysis:
Survey Results:
Expense Breakdown:
 2. Bar Chart:
- Advantages: Similar to column charts
but with horizontal bars. Useful when you
have long category names or want to
emphasize a particular visual style.
- Use Cases: Displaying top-performing
cities, visualizing demographic data, or
comparing revenue by region.
3. Line Chart: Line Chart:
- Advantages: Effective for displaying
trends over time. It's excellent for showing
continuous data and identifying patterns.
- Use Cases: Tracking stock prices over
months, displaying website traffic trends,
or visualizing temperature changes over a
year.
 4. Pie Chart:
- Advantages: Highlights the parts of a
whole. Useful for showing proportions and
percentages, but should be used sparingly.
- Use Cases: Illustrating market share,
budget allocation, or the composition of
survey responses.
5. Scatter Plot:
- Advantages: Ideal for displaying the
relationship between two numerical
variables. Great for identifying correlations
and outliers.
- Use Cases: Analyzing the correlation
between advertising spend and sales,
assessing the relationship between height
and weight, or identifying anomalies in data.
 6. Area Chart:
- Advantages: Shows the magnitude of
values and how they change over time. It's
good for visualizing trends while emphasizing
the total value.
-Use Cases: Displaying stock price fluctuations
over time, visualizing website user
engagement, or showing the progression of
project expenses.
7. Map Visualizations
- Advantages: Geospatial visualizations help
you visualize data by location. They are crucial
for showing regional variations and trends.
- Use Cases: Visualizing sales by state,
displaying population density by country, or
showing the distribution of store locations.
 8. Waterfall Chart:
-Advantages: Highlights the cumulative effect of sequential positive or negative
values.
-Use Cases: Analyzing changes in revenue due to price changes, understanding
the breakdown of cost savings, or visualizing a project budget's evolution.
 9. Clustered Bar Chart:
Characteristics: In a clustered bar chart, multiple bars are grouped side by side for
each category. Each group represents a category, and bars within the same group
are visually adjacent.
Advantages: Allows for easy comparison between categories as bars within the
same group share the same axis.
Usage Cases: Comparing the sales performance of different products within each
region or analyzing survey responses by question across multiple demographics.
10. Clustered Column Chart:
Characteristics: Similar to a clustered bar chart but with vertical columns grouped
side by side.
Advantages: Facilitates direct comparisons between categories, especially when
there are multiple data series.
Usage Cases: Displaying the revenue generated by various stores in different cities
or comparing the growth rates of different industries in a specific region.
 11. 100% Stacked Bar Chart:
Characteristics: In a 100% stacked bar chart, each bar represents a category, and
the segments are stacked to add up to 100%. This chart displays the relative
proportions of subcategories within each category.
Advantages: Emphasizes the percentage composition of subcategories within each
category, making it useful for showing relative proportions.
Usage Cases: Visualizing the distribution of expenses within each department as a
percentage of the total budget or displaying the market share of different products
in a product category.
12. 100% Stacked Column Chart:
Characteristics: Similar to a 100% stacked bar chart but with vertical columns.
Advantages: Highlights the relative proportions of subcategories within categories,
allowing for easy comparison.
Usage Cases: Showing the distribution of website traffic sources as a percentage of
the total or displaying the allocation of time spent on various tasks in a project.