Part 1

Top Grammar rules

इसके बाहर कुछ नह ीं

By Aditya Ashtikar
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Singular Subject => Singular Verb

Plural Subject => Plural Verb

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If two subjects are joined by correlative conjunctions of choice such as either…… or,
neither …… nor, not only …… but also, whether …… or etc., the verb is always according to
the nearest subject.
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If two subjects are joined by words other than correlative conjunctions such as with, as
well as, in addition to, accompanied by etc., the verb is always according to the first
subject.
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 Part 2

Top Grammar rules

इसके बाहर कुछ नह ीं

By Aditya Ashtikar
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One of / Each of / Either of / Neither of + Noun (Plural) + Verb (Singular)

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Exception -
One of / Each of / Either of / Neither of + Noun (Plural) + Relative Pronoun + Verb (Plural)
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Exception –
Only One of + Noun (Plural) + Relative Pronoun + Verb (Singular)
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A number of + Noun (Plural) + Verb (Plural)

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The number of + Noun (Plural) + Verb (Singular)

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The verb used with collective noun can be singular as well as plural.
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The verb used with collective noun can be singular as well as plural.

A. If collective noun is used as a group, the verb used is always singular.

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The verb used with collective noun can be singular as well as plural.

B. If collective noun is used as individual members of the group , the verb is always plural
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Some nouns look like singular but are plural in meaning. In such cases the verb is always
Plural.
These nouns are:
People, Children, Cattle, Poultry, Police, Clergy, Peasantry, Gentry, Etc.
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Some nouns seem to be plural but are singular in meaning. In such cases the verb is
always Singular.
These nouns are:
Mathematics, Summons, News, Politics, Physics, Economics, Mechanics, Measles, Ethics,
Rickets, Billiards, Draughts, Innings, etc.
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Exception : If names of such subjects are used with a possessive adjective, a plural verb is
used in such cases
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Some nouns can be used in singular as well as plural form.

In such cases, the verb is used accordingly.

These nouns are:

Sheep, Deer, Species, Cod, Salmon, Fish, Trout, Aircraft,
Series Etc.
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Some nouns are uncountable in nature and do not have

plural forms. In such cases, the verb is always singular
Articles A/An are also not used with these nouns.

These nouns are:

Furniture, Advice, Information, Luggage, Homework,
Equipment, Evidence, Machinery, Work, Traffic, Electricity,
Scenery, Poetry, Hair, Money, Mischief, Knowledge,
Stationery, Crockery, Jewellery etc.
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 Part 3

Top Grammar rules

इसके बाहर कुछ नह ीं

By Aditya Ashtikar
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Some nouns are always used in pairs. But when used

alone (without a pair of), plural verb is used with them.

These nouns are:

Scissors, Trousers, Pants, Eyeglasses, Goggles, Binoculars,,
Spectacles, Tongs, Alms etc.
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If the Subjects are preceded by each or every, the Verb

is Singular.
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Bare Infinitive is used after Modal Auxiliaries (can, could,

may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, dare not,
need not).
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Help, make, let, bid, see, watch, notice, observe, hear,

overhear etc. take Bare infinitive and not to-infinitive.
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Had better, had rather, as soon as are followed by Bare

Infinitive
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Ask, advise, allow, command, force, forbid, invite,

encourage, compel, beg, order, imagine, instruct, permit,
persuade, tell, require, remind, teach, etc. are followed
by Object + To +V1
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 Part 4

Top Grammar rules

इसके बाहर कुछ नह ीं

By Aditya Ashtikar
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Every Participle must have a Subject of Reference

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Every Participle must have a Subject of Reference

Incorrect- Being a rainy day we decided to go for a picnic.

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Every Participle must have a Subject of Reference

Incorrect - Being a rainy day we decided to go for a picnic.

Correct - It being a rainy day we decided to go for a picnic.
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When there are two Subjects in a sentence and they are

not in the same Number, then we must have to use
separate Auxiliaries (is, are, am, was, were, have, has) for
both of them
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When there are two Subjects in a sentence and they are

not in the same Number, then we must have to use
separate Auxiliaries (is, are, am, was, were, have, has) for
both of them

Incorrect- Six caught and four were run out in their

innings.
Correct- Six were caught and four were run out in their
innings.
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Two auxiliaries can be used with one principal Verb, only

when the form of the principal Verb is appropriate to
both the auxiliaries.
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Two auxiliaries can be used with one principal Verb, only

when the form of the principal Verb is appropriate to
both the auxiliaries.

Incorrect- He never has, and never will consume alcohol.

Correct- He never has taken, and never will consume
alcohol.
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The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for an

action that began in the past time and is still
continuing. It is expressed by using Adverbs of time
such as for/since
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The Present Perfect Tense is not used with the Adverbs

of past time like yesterday, in 1990 etc. Here Past
Indefinite Tense is used.
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The Past Perfect Tense is used to represent the earlier

of the two past actions.
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When the subordinate clause comes after 'lest', the

auxiliary Verb 'should' must be used, whatever be the
Tense of the Verb in the main clause.
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 Part 5

Top Grammar rules

इसके बाहर कुछ नह ीं

By Aditya Ashtikar
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Gerund if preceded by a Pronoun, that Pronoun must

be in Possessive case
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Gerund if preceded by a Pronoun, that Pronoun must

be in Possessive case

Incorrect - He emphasised me going there.

Correct- He emphasised my going there.
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Later, latest refer to time while latter and last refer to

position
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Each is used in speaking of two or more things, every is

used only in speaking of more than two.
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The comparative Adjectives superior inferior, senior,

junior, prior, anterior, posterior. prefer, etc., should be
followed by 'to' instead of 'than'.
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Adjectives like unique, ideal, perfect, complete,

universal, entire, extreme, chief, full, square and round,
which do not admit different degrees of comparison
should not be compared.
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If all the three persons i.e. first person, second person

and third person or any two of them are used in a
single sentence(positive sentence), then the order of
the pronouns that will be followed is : 231.
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If all the three persons i.e. first person, second person

and third person or any two of them are used in a
single sentence and sense of the sentence is negative,
then the order of the pronouns that will be followed is
: 123.
 Part 6

Top Grammar rules

इसके बाहर कुछ नह ीं

By Aditya Ashtikar
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Too means more than required and it is used with

Unpleasant Adjective. So, we cannot use too glad, too
happy, too pleasant, too healthy.
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Much too is followed by Unpleasant Adjective, whereas

too much is followed by Noun.
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Fairly takes a pleasant adjective while Rather takes an

unpleasant adjective.
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The Word “Enough” Should Always Be Placed

before The Word It Qualifies If Enough Is Used As An
Adjective
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The Word “Enough” Should Always Be Placed

After The Word It Qualifies If Enough Is Used As An
Adverb
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Very Is Used With Adjectives or Adverbs of Positive

Degree While Much Is Used With The Adjectives or
Adverbs of Comparative Degree.
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Very Is Used With The Present Participle While Much Is

Used With The Past Participle.
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Hardly is an Adverb which means rarely. Whereas hard

is an Adjective which means tough, rigid.
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Ago is always used with Past Indefinite Tense. So, if ago

is used in a sentence, that sentence must be in the Past
Indefinite Tense.
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The sentence which starts with seldom, never. hardly.

rarely or scarcely takes an inverse structure, i.e., Verb +
Subject Structure
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Inversion is also used in a sentence which starts with

here/there/ away/out/up/indoor or outdoor and Main
Verb, or Aux + Main Verb is used before the Subject.
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Both' should be followed by 'and'. It should be used in

the positive sense. In the negative sense, 'neither' .....
.'nor• should be used in place of 'both'
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Either ... or', 'neither .... Nor , 'both …. and', 'not

only ….. but also‘ should be followed by the same
parts of speech.
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No sooner' should be followed by 'than', not by 'but'

or 'then
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'Hardly' and 'scarcely' should be followed by 'when'

or 'before', but not by 'than' or 'that'
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➢ Use of Which and That