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DBMS

A Database Management System (DBMS) allows users to create, modify, and query databases while ensuring data integrity and security. It minimizes redundancy and organizes data into structured formats like tables and schemas, supporting features such as transactions, data security, and multi-user access. DBMS types include Relational, NoSQL, and Object-Oriented systems, each with distinct architectures and advantages, but also facing challenges like complexity and security risks.

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2 views

DBMS

A Database Management System (DBMS) allows users to create, modify, and query databases while ensuring data integrity and security. It minimizes redundancy and organizes data into structured formats like tables and schemas, supporting features such as transactions, data security, and multi-user access. DBMS types include Relational, NoSQL, and Object-Oriented systems, each with distinct architectures and advantages, but also facing challenges like complexity and security risks.

Uploaded by

kateri.louka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS - Database Management Systems

A DBMS is a system that allows users to create, modify, and query


databases while ensuring data integrity, security, and efficient data access.
Unlike traditional file systems, DBMS minimizes data redundancy, prevents
inconsistencies, and simplifies data management with features like
concurrent access and backup mechanisms. It organizes data
into tables, views, schemas, and reports, providing a structured approach to
data management.

A database is a collection of organized data which can easily be


created, updated, accessed, and managed. Records are kept maintained in
tables or objects. A tuple (row) represents a single entry in a table. DBMS
manipulates data from the database in the form of queries given by the user.

1. Atomicity:
 A transaction is treated as a single unit of work, meaning all operations
must succeed or fail as a whole.
 If any part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction is rolled back.
2. Consistency:
 A transaction must take the database from one valid state to another,
maintaining all defined rules and constraints.
 This ensures data integrity is preserved throughout the transaction
process.
3. Isolation:
 Transactions should not interfere with each other.
 Even if multiple transactions occur simultaneously, each must operate
as if it were the only one in the system until it is complete.
4. Durability:
 Once a transaction is committed, its changes must persist, even in the
event of a system failure.
Advantages of DBMS
 Organizing and management of data, large amounts. It provides
features like create, edit, delete, and read.
 Data Security: access controls, encryption, and authentication
mechanisms that restrict unauthorized access and safeguard sensitive
information.
 Data Indexing, Multi-User support, No data Redundancy (no
unnecessary duplication)
 Improved decision-making: generate graphs, reports, and many
visualizations which helps in decision-making.
 Data Integrity and Consistency: Changes made in the database are
reflected across all related data points.
 Scalability and Flexibility: handle increasing amounts of data.
Disadvantages of DBMS
 Complexity: DBMS can be hard to design, implement, and manage,
needing specialized knowledge.
 Cost: High setup costs, including hardware, software, and skilled
personnel, can be expensive. Ongoing maintenance adds to the cost.
 Performance Overhead: DBMS might slow down simple tasks due to
their extra features and general-purpose nature.
 Security Risks: Centralizing data can create security risks. If the
system is hacked, all data could be compromised.
 Resource Intensive: DBMS need a lot of memory, storage, and
processing power, which can be costly.
 Data Integrity Issues: Complex systems can lead to data integrity
problems if not managed well.
Types of DBMS
1. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
 RDBMS organizes data into tables (relations) composed of rows and
columns. It uses primary keys to uniquely identify rows and foreign
keys to establish relationships between tables. Queries are written
in SQL (Structured Query Language), which allows for efficient data
manipulation and retrieval.
 Examples: MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server and Postgre SQL.
2. NoSQL DBMS
 NoSQL systems are designed to handle large-scale data and provide
high performance for scenarios where relational models might be
restrictive. They store data in various non-relational formats, such
as key-value pairs, documents, graphs, or columns. These flexible
data models enable rapid scaling and are well-suited for unstructured
or semi-structured data.
 Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB and Redis.
3. Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)

Types of DBMS Architecture


Tier 1 (Single-Tier Architecture):
The database and application are on the same system.
Tier 2 (Two-Tier Architecture):
The application and database are separate, directly connected via a
network.
Tier 3 (Three-Tier Architecture):
Divides into three parts: user interface, logic and database, all working
together.

ER - Entity Relationship Model


The ER model is a data model used to logically represent and describe
relationships between real-world entities or concepts in designing a
database.
ER Diagrams are used to visually represent the structure of a database,
showing entities, their attributes, and relationships between them.

How do ER Diagrams help in database design? They simplify the


process of mapping out the database structure, making it easier to organize
data and understand how different entities interact.

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