Bangladesh University of Engineering

& Technology
Department of Naval Architecture and Marine
Engineering

NAME-118
SHIP DESIGN & DRAWING I
LEVEL-1 , TERM-II
CONTACT HR: 3 CREDIT: 1.50
 General
Arrangement Plan
LESSON 1
 What is a General
Arrangement Plan?
General Arrangement Plan
• The general arrangement of a ship
can be defined as the drawing
which indicates the assignment of
spaces for all the required functions
and equipment, properly
coordinated for location and
access.
General Arrangement
Plan
• Four consecutive steps characterize
general arrangement:
a. Allocation of main spaces
b. Setting individual space boundaries,
c. Choosing and locating equipment
and furnishing within boundaries
d. Providing interrelated access
General Arrangement Plan
• GA Plans are prepared and
modified for the conceptual,
preliminary, contract and working
plan stages.
• The data in the early stages
comes from past experience and
the degree of detail increases as
the design progresses.
 General Arrangement Plan

Design Spiral
General Arrangement Plan
 Certain requirements must be met:
1. Watertight subdivision and
integrity
2. Adequate stability
3. Structural integrity
4. Adequate provision for access
General Arrangement Plan
 Contains
1. Side view: Elevation
2. Plan views of the most important
decks: Main Deck, Under Deck,
Bottom Deck, Poop Deck, Bridge
Deck etc.
3. Cross-section
General Arrangement Plan
• The views and sections display:
1. division into compartments (tanks,
engine room, holds)
2. location of bulkheads
3. location and arrangement of
superstructure
4. parts of the equipment (winches,
loading gear, bow thruster, life
boats)
Scale of GA
 Scaleis considered the ratio of the
length in a drawing (or model) to the
length of the real thing.
A length of 1 cm taken from a 1:100
general arrangement plan
represents the actual length of
1 cm x 100 = 100 cm
Scale of GA
 Small scale
Possible
to draw several decks on
one sheet of paper
Eases the work of lining up items
that appear on two or more
decks and helps to avoid
inconsistencies
Scale of GA

Ship Length Best Scale to Use

Above 200 m 1:200 or Smaller

100 m ~ 200 m 1:200
30 m ~ 100 m 1:100
Below 30 m 1:50
Factors influencing the GA Plan
 The main purpose of the ship
 The designer’s ideas on how this purpose can best be
achieved.
 For cargo ships
 carry as much cargo as possible
 cost effectiveness
 deliver in good condition
 methods of loading and discharge that are speedy
and economical.
 For passenger ships
 cabins, public rooms and the services provided to
passengers will result in their comfort during the
voyage
Factors influencing the GA Plan
 For service ships
 perform its service functions efficiently.
 For warships
 positioning of each of the combat
systems so that all its components will
function at near to their optimum
capability and, if possible, will
continue to do so after enemy attack.
General Arrangement Plan
 Locate the main spaces and their
boundaries within the ship hull and
superstructures.
1. Cargo spaces
2. Machinery spaces
3. Crew, passenger and associated
spaces
4. Tanks/holds
5. Miscellaneous
Basic data included in the GA:

❖Dimensions
❖Volumes of the holds
❖Tonnage
❖Deadweight
❖Engine power
❖Speed
❖Class
Profile view of a Ship
Shipboard terminology
• aft: toward the stern of a ship
• stern: the rear of a ship (opposite of "bow")
• bow (or stem): front of a ship (opposite of "stern")
• abaft: at or toward the stern of a ship, or further back from a
location
• astern: toward the rear of a ship (opposite of "forward")
• fore or forward: at or toward the front of a ship (opposite of
“abaft")
• port: the left side of the ship, facing forward (opposite of
"starboard")
• starboard: the right side of the ship, when facing forward
(opposite of "port")
Shipboard terminology
• amidships: near the middle part of a ship
• athwartships: toward the sides of a ship
• aboard: onto or within a ship, or in a group
• inboard: attached inside the ship
• on board: somewhere on board the ship
• outboard: attached outside the ship
• centerline: an imaginary, central line drawn from
the bow to the stern
Shipboard terminology
Components of a Ship
➢Upper Deck Or Main Deck
➢Forecastle
➢Tanktop
➢Peak Tank
➢Chain Locker
➢Collision Bulkheads
➢Engine Room
➢Double Bottom
➢Cofferdams
➢Superstructure
Upper deck or main deck
 the principal deck of a vessel
 in some ships the highest deck of the hull
 usually but not always the weather deck (that is
open to the sky and exposed to the weather)
Forecastle
 foremost part of the upper deck
 usually raised above the main deck
Cofferdam
 A void or empty compartment is
provided between the tanks to prevent
two different liquids from mixing with
each other. This space is known as
cofferdam.
 The space avoids intermixing of two
different liquid when there is a leak from
the boundary separating the two liquid.
Cofferdam
 Cofferdam may be provided:
1. Between fuel oil tanks, and lube oil and fresh water
tanks in the engine room.
2. Between other different grade liquid tanks like diesel oil
and fuel oil service tanks.
3. At fore and aft ends of the cargo holds/cargo tanks
area.
4. Between cargo holds/cargo tanks and engine room.
 In Oil Tankers, apart from the above mentioned
locations, cofferdams are additionally fitted:
1. Between cargo space and machinery space.
2. Pump room also may be a part of cofferdam.
Cofferdam
Double Hull and Double Bottom
 Two levels or layers of hulls – the outer layer and the inner
layer.
 The double hulls are an important requirement in ships,
especially oil tankers.
 If one layer is damaged due to accident, the second
layer acts as a back-up and prevents ingress of seawater
into the ship.
 Ballast water is used to store in these empty spaces to
increase draft for stability.
 Double bottom means the bottom of the ship has two
complete layers of watertight hull surface:
 one outer layer forming the keel of the ship
 a second inner bottom, sometimes called tank top
Double Bottom and Double Hull
Double Bottom and Double Hull
Double Bottom and Double Hull
Tanktop
 inside bottom of the vessel
 the plating forming the inner bottom of a
ship hull
e. Upper hold / Lower
hold
 spaces that contain the cargoes
Peak tank
 Aft Peak Tank
 after-most watertight tank on the main hull structure
 normally used for the storage of fresh water or ballast
 provides a degree of protection to all spaces forward of
the aft peak bulkhead.
 Fore Peak Tank
 fore-most watertight tank
 normally used for ballast purposes so that the ship can
be provided with the proper trim especially on the
ballast journey
 watertight collision bulkhead is usually fitted
 chain locker for storing the anchor chain is normally
located inside the fore peak tank.
Peak tank
Chain locker
 A storage space in the forward part of the ship,
typically in front of the foremost collision
bulkhead, that contains the anchor chain when
the anchor is secured for sea.
Bulkheads
 similar to internal walls dividing a building
into separate rooms.
 vertical partitions which divide the main
hull into different compartments.
 arranged either transversely or
longitudinally in ships are known as
transverse bulkheads and longitudinal
bulkheads respectively.
Bulkheads
 Functions of bulkheads
 In the event of a damage to the hull plating,
watertight bulkheads limit the extend of
flooding
 Prevent spread of fire from one compartment
to another.
 Longitudinal bulkheads contribute to the
longitudinal strength of the ship.
 Divide the main hull of a ship into different
compartments such as the aft peak tank,
engine room, cargo holds, deep tanks,
cofferdam space, and the fore peak tank.
Bulkheads
Bulkheads
 All ships must have the following
bulkheads-
a collision or fore peak tank bulkhead
 an aft peak tank bulkhead
a bulkhead at each end of the engine
room
Collision bulkheads
 foremostmajor watertight
bulkhead
 in the event of a collision, damage
to the cargo located aft of the
collision bulkhead will be
minimized.
 fireproof
Collision bulkheads
Engine room
 = machinery space
 watertight compartment
 houses the main and auxiliary machinery
 on a large percentage of vessels engine room is
located near the bottom, and at the aft
Superstructure
 the parts of the ship that project above her main deck
 accommodation for the crew and passengers,
messroom, galley, pantry, store, infirmary, wheelhouse
 usually consists of several decks (poop deck, navigation
deck etc.)
Oil Tanker
 An oil tanker/petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for
the bulk transport of oil with specific gravities in the range of 0.73
to 0.97 (diesel oil, crude oil etc)
 Oil tankers generally have from 8 to 12 tanks. Each tank is usually
split into one centerline tank and wing tanks port and starboard.
 Tankers generally have cofferdams forward and aft of the cargo
tanks, and sometimes between individual tanks.
 A pump room houses all the pumps connected to a tanker's
cargo lines.
 Most new tankers are "double hulled“
 All single-hulled tankers around the world will be phased out by
2026, in accordance with the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 (MARPOL).
Oil Tanker
SEA FORCE
300000 DWT Oil Tanker
Oil Tanker
Bulk Carriers
 A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is
a merchant ship specially designed to
transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as
grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo
holds.

 Today, bulkers make up 40% of the world's

merchant fleets and range in size from single-
hold mini-bulkers to mammoth ore ships able
to carry 400,000 metric tons of deadweight
(DWT).
Bulk Carriers
SABRINA I
52000 DWT Bulk carrier (190 m X 32 m)
Bulk Carriers
Container Ships
 A ship specially constructed and equipped to carry only
containerized cargoes, in all available cargo spaces, either
below or above deck.
 Container ships are very fast, with speeds up to 30 knots.
 They have carrying capacities from 1,000 up to 12,000 TEUs
or more.
 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit) is the size of the standard
20-foot container.
 Various types of containers exist for the transportation of
break bulk, liquid and refrigerated cargo.
 Cargo-handling equipment is rarely fitted, since these ships
travel between specially equipped terminals to ensure rapid
loading and discharge.
Container Ships
MAERSK SEALAND
3500TEU Container Vessel (255 x 32.2 m)
Container Ships
Passenger Ships
 A passenger ship is a merchant ship whose primary
function is to carry passengers. Usually defined as a ship
carrying more than 12 passengers
 Passenger ships include ferries, which are vessels for day
or overnight short-sea trips moving passengers and
vehicles (whether road or rail); ocean liners, which
typically are passenger or passenger-cargo vessels
transporting passengers and often cargo on longer line
voyages; and cruise ships, which often transport
passengers on round-trips, in which the trip itself and the
attractions of the ship and ports visited are the principal
draw.
 Although some ships have characteristics of both types,
the design priorities of the two forms are different: ocean
liners value speed and traditional luxury while cruise ships
value amenities (swimming pools, theaters, ball rooms,
casinos, sports facilities, etc.) rather than speed.
Passenger Ships
Queen Mary 2
345m Transatlantic Ocean Liner
Passenger Ships