1

ASSIGNMENT

Modulus

1. Find the value of the modules function x for x = −5 and x = 10

2. Solve x + 3 = 8 using modulus function definition.

3. Solve x + 4 = 10 using modulus function.

4. Solve x + 2 = 6 using modulus function.

5. The equation x + 2 = −2 has:

(a) Unique solution (b) Two solutions
(c) Many solutions (d) No solution

6. Find all the real valued solutions to the equation. x 2 + 2 x = 15

7. Find all the real valued solutions to the equation. x 2 + 4 = 1

8. Solve he following equation. 6u = 1 + 3u

9. Solve the equation 2 x − 1 = x + 4

10. Solve for x : 2  x − 3  4

11. Solve for x : x 2 − 3 x + 2  0

12. Solve for x : −2  x − 2  1

x −4
2

13. Solve for x : 0

x −1
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1
14. Solve for x : 2
x −3
x2 + 2
15. Solve for x : 1
3x

16. Find domain: y = x −3

1
17. Find domain: y =
x −5

GINT and Fractional Part

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18. What is the domain of the given greatest integer function: f ( x ) = ?
 x

19. Find the value of x such that  x + 1 = 3 .

20. Evaluate the following: (i) [13.01] (ii) [13.99] (iii) [-2.4].

21. Find the value of k if [-2.3] k – 2k + [8.34] k = [4.23] + [2.23], where [.] represents the smallest integer
function.
8 5 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 8 5 3

 y  3
22. If g ( y ) = ( y ) where [.] denotes smallest integer function then find the value of g  −  ?
 2
3 3 2 4
(a) (b) − (c) − (d) −
2 2 3 9

23. Find the value of the fractional part function for given values of x: (i) 2.89 (ii) -6.76 (iii) 10 (iv) 0

1
24. Find the domain of the reciprocal fractional part function f ( x ) = .
 x

 1
25. Solve for x :  x −  = 2
 2
(a) x   2.5,3.5 ) (b) x  ( 2.5,3.5 ) (c) x   2.5,3.5 (d) x  ( 2.5,3.5
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26. Solve for x  2 x − 3 = 1.5

(a) x  R (b) x  Z (c) x = 0 (d) No solution

27. Find the domain of y = f ( x ) =  x + 4

Find the domain of y = f ( x ) =  x −1

2
28.

29. Find the domain of y = f ( x ) = 6 5 −  x 

1
30. Find the domain of y = f ( x ) =
4
 x − 4

31. Find range of : [2 sin x + 1], here [.] → G.I.F

 
32. Find range of:  cos x  ; x   0,  , here  → G.I.F
 2

33. Find range of:  x 2  ; x  1,3) , here [.] → G.I.F

34. Find range of:  x  ; x   0,9 ) , here [.] → G.I.F

35. Solve for x : [x] = {x} + 2, where [.] represents the GIF and {.} represents the fractional part function.

36. Solve for x : 2[x] = {x} + 1/2, where [.] represents the GIF and {.} represents the fractional part
function.

1
37. The Domain of the function f ( x ) = where [] denotes greatest integer function
 x +  x − 6
2

(a) R – [-2, 4) (b) R – {-3, 2} (c) R (d) R – {2, 3}

If  x  =  x + 2 , where [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then x must be such that
2
38.
(a) x = 2, −1 (b) x   2,3 ) (c) x   −1, 0 ) (d) None of these

Let [t] denote the greatest integer ≤ t. Then the equation in x,  x  + 2  x + 2 − 7 = 0 has:
2
39.
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(a) Exactly four integral solutions (b) Infinitely many solutions

(c) No integral solution (d) Exactly two solution
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Answer:
1. (-) 2. (-) 3. (-) 4. (-) 5. (d) 6. (-)
7. (-) 8. (-) 9. (-) 10. (-) 11. (-) 12. (-)
13. (-) 14. (-) 15. (-) 16. (-) 17. (-) 18. (-)
19. (-) 20. (-) 21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (-) 24. (b)
25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (-) 28. (-) 29. (-) 30. (a)
31. (c) 32. (-) 33. (-) 34. (-) 35. (-) 36. (-)
37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (b)
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Solution:

Modulus

1. If x = −5 , then x = −5 = 5
If x = 10 , then x = 10 = 10
Answer: x = 5 for x = −5 and x = 10 for x = 10

2. We know that the modulus function value is always non-negative, therefore we have two cases:
If x + 3  0 , then x + 3 = x + 3 and if x + 3  0 , then x + 3 = ( x + 3) .
Case 1: If x + 3  0 , we have
x+3 = x+3
 x+3=8
 x = 8−3 = 5
Case 2: If x + 3  0 , we have
x + 3 = − ( x + 3)
 − ( x + 3) = 8
 −x − 3 = 8
 x = −3 − 8 = −11
Answer: Hence, the solution is x = 5 , -11.

3. As we have noted earlier, the modulus function always gives positive output. Therefore for the function
x + 4 = 10 , there can be two solutions
If x + 4  0 , then x + 4 = x + 4 and
If x + 4  0 , then x + 4 = − ( x + 4 )
Situation 1: If x + 4  0
x+4 = x+4
 x + 4 = 10
 x = 10 − 4 = 6
Situation 2: If x + 4  0 , we have
x + 4 = − ( x + 4)
 − ( x + 4 ) = 10
 − x − 4 = 10
 x = −4 −10 = −14
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Therefore, the solution for x is -14 and 6.

It can thus be said that −14  x  6 .

4. We know that the modulus function always gives a non-negative output, therefore we have two cases:
If x + 2  0 , then x + 2 = x + 2 and
If x + 2  0 , then x + 2 = − ( x + 2 )
Case 1: If x + 2  0 , we have
x+2 = x+2
 x+2=6
 x = 6−2 = 4
Case 2: If x + 2  0 , we have
x + 2 = − ( x + 2)
 − ( x + 2) = 6
 −x − 2 = 6
 x = −2 − 6 = −8
Hence, the solution for x is -8 and 4.

5. Concept:
The modulus function ‘| |’ is defined as:
 x, x  0

x =  0, x = 0
 − x, x  0

Calculation:
Since the modulu function ‘| |’ always returns a positive value or 0, its not possible to have -2 as the
value of modulus of any expression.
Hence, x + 2 = −2 has no solution.

6. To finish this problem all we need to do is solve each of the quadratic equations we got in the previous
step.
Here is the solution to the first one given above.
x2 + 2 x = −15
−2  4 − 4 (1)(15 ) −2  56i
x 2 + 2 x + 15 = 0 → x = =
2 (1) 2
Note that the instructions asked for “real valued solutions”. This basically mean that we don’t want
complex solutions and the solutions to the first quadratic are clearly complex and so we won’t use
them in our solution.
The solution to the second quadratic is,
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x2 + 2 x − 15 = 0
( x + 5)( x − 3) = 0 → x = −5, x = 3
Both of these are real solution and so are acceptable solution.
Therefere, the two solutions to the original equation are then: x = −5 and x = 3 .

7. Applying the formula form this section gives, x2 + 4 = −1 or x2 + 4 = 1

To finish this problem all we need to do is solve each of the quadratic equations we got in the previous
step. Here is the solution to each of them.
x2 + 4 = −1 → x2 = −5 → x =  5i
x2 + 4 = 1 → x2 = −3 → x =  3i
Note that the instructions asked for “real valued solutions”. This basically means that we don’t want
complex solutions and the solutions to both of the quadratic equations from the first step are complex
and so, for this equation, there are no solutions.

8. Now solving each these linear equations gives,

1 + 3u = −6u or 1 + 3u = 6u
1 = −9u or 1 = 3u
1 1
u=− or u=
9 3
Now, because the quantity outside of the absolute value bars was not a positive constant we need to be
careful with the answer we got in the previous step. It is possible that one or both are not in fact
solutions to the original equation. So, we need to verify each of the possible solutions from the previous
step by checking them in the original equation.
1  1 ?  1 2? 2 2 2
u = − : 6  −  = 1 + 3  −  → − = → −  not ok
9  9  9 3 3 3 3
1 1 ? 1 ?
u = : 6   = 1 + 3   → 2 = 2 → 2 = 2 ok
3 3  3
1
Therefore, the only solution to the original equation is then: u =
3

9. Case 1:
2x −1 = x + 4
 2x − x = 4 + 1
 x=5
Case 2:
− ( 2 x − 1) = x + 4
 −2x + 1 = x + 4
 −2x − x = 4 −1
 −3x = 3
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 x = −1
Therefore, the solutions to the equation 2 x − 1 = x + 4 are x = 5 x = −1 .

10.

11.

12.

13.
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14.

15.

16.
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17.

GINT and Fractional Part

18. The denominator should not be 0, that is,  x   0 .

The greatest integer part of a number is 0 if that number lies in the interval [0, 1).
Thus, to obtain the domain, this interval must be excluded from the set of real numbers.
This means that the domain of f is R −  0,1) .
Answer: Domain = R-[0, 1)

19. From the definition of the greatest integer function, we have 3  x + 1  4 .

Subtract 1 in this inequality.
We get, 2  x  3
Answer: x can take the values greater than or equal to 2 and less than 3.

20. The greatest integer function value for the above cases are as given below,
(i) [13.01] = 13
(ii) [13.99] = 13
(iii) [-2.4] = -3
Answer: (i) 13 (ii) 13 (iii) -3.

21. Given function is f ( x ) =  −2.3 k − 2k + 8.34 k =  4.23 +  2.23

As we know that for smallest intger function [-2.3] = -2, [8.34] = 9, [4.23] = 5, [2.23] = 3.
−2k − 2k + 9k = 5 + 3
8
k =
5

 y
22. Given: g ( y ) = ( y ) where [.] denotes the smallest integer function
 3
Here, we have to find the value of g  − 
 2
 3
 − 
 3   3  2
 g−  = − 
 2  2
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 3
As we know that,  −  =  −1.5 = −1
 2
−1
 3  3 2
 g−  = −  = −
 2  2 3

23. We will use the formula of the fractional part function to determine the fractional part of x for the
given values of x :
(i) {2.89} = 2.89 – 2 = 0.89
(ii) {-6.76} = -6.76 – (-7) = -6.76 + 7 = 0.24
(iii) {10} = 10 – 10 = 0
(iv) {0} = 0 – 0 = 0
Answer: (i) {2.89} = 0.89, (ii) {-6.76} = 0.24, (iii) {10} = 0, (iv) {0} = 0

24. To determine the domain of a function, we need to find points where the denominator is zero.
As we know, the fractional part of x is 0 whenever x is an integer.
1
Hence, for f ( x ) = to be defined, x must not be an integer.
 x
1
Hence, the domain of f ( x ) = consists of all real numbers excluding the integers.
 x
Answer: Domain = R - A

25.

26.

27. Given, y = f ( x ) =  x + 4
 x   −4
 x   −4,  )
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Given, y = f ( x ) =  x −1
2
28.

29. Given y = f ( x ) = 6 5 −  x 
5 −  x  0
 x  5
x  ( −, 6 )

1
30. Given, y = f ( x ) =
4
 x − 4

31.

 
32. Given,  cos x  ; x   0, 
 2

cos x ; x   0,
 2 
 
Since, cos x   0,1) as x   0, 
 2
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 
Then  cos x  = 0 as x   0, 
 2

33. Given,  x 2  ; x  1,3)

34. Given,  x  ; x   0,9 )

35.

36.
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37.

38.

39.