Word formation

Dodawanie przedrostków (prefixes)

Przedrostki zmieniają znaczenie słowa, ale nie zmieniają jego części mowy.

Najczęściej spotykane przedrostki:

Prefix Meaning Examples

un- opposite unhappy, unknown

in-/im-/il-/ir- negation incorrect, impossible, illegal,

irregular
im- przed „p” i „m”
(impossible, immature)

il- przed „l” (illegal, illogical)

ir- przed „r” (irregular,

irresponsible)

in- w innych przypadkach

(incorrect, inactive)

dis- reversal/lack disagree, disappear,

dishonest

mis- wrong/badly misunderstand, mislead,

misplace

re- again rewrite, redo, rebuild

over- too much overeat, overwork, overuse

under- not enough underpaid, underestimate,

undervalue

Dodaj odpowiedni przedrostek do podanych słów, aby pasowały do

kontekstu zdania.

1. He was fired because of his completely __________ (honest) behavior.

2. The meeting was canceled due to __________ (expected) circumstances.
3. Many workers feel they are __________ (paid) for the amount of work they do.
 4. We had to __________ (do) the entire project because of a small mistake.
5. His comments were completely __________ (appropriate) for such a formal event.
6. She is quite __________ (patient) when dealing with slow learners.
7. The results of the test were totally __________ (reliable).
8. He made a serious mistake because he __________ (calculated) the budget.
9. The new manager decided to __________ (organize) the whole department.

Wybierz odpowiedni przedrostek spośród podanych i utwórz poprawne

słowo.

Przedrostki do wyboru: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, in-, over-, under-

1. He was completely __________ (able) to solve the problem on his own.

2. The company decided to __________ (build) its headquarters after the fire.
3. I had to __________ (pack) my suitcase because I forgot some clothes.
4. She is so __________ (friendly) that nobody likes working with her.
5. The project was canceled due to __________ (sufficient) funding.
6. Please don’t __________ (understand) me – I meant no harm.
7. He got exhausted because he __________ (work) himself.
8. The students were __________ (prepared) for the difficult test.

Change the meaning of the words below by adding a prefix (DIS- , IN- , IR- ,
MIS- or RE-) to the words in the box, then fill in the gaps in the sentences
below.

advantage - agree - correct - dependent - formal - honest - like - print - responsible - write

1. It was very ..... of her to cheat in the examination.

2. I ..... all kinds of dogs, especially those big ones with sharp teeth.
3. The country has been ..... from France for over 200 years.
4. You don't need to wear fashionable clothes. The party is going to be very ..... .
5. Shops should be open 24/7. - No, I ..... ! - You have to give workers some time off.
6. The capital of the USA is not New York. The answer is ..... . The capital is Washington.
7. It was ..... to go away for the weekend without telling your parents. Don't do that again.
8. Not being able to drive is a great ..... in today's world.
9. I'm not very satisfied with my essay. I think I'll ..... it.
10. There was a ..... in today's newspapers. Instead of "advice" it should have been "advise".

Complete each sentence by adding a prefix to the adjective to make it

negative.
1. Carol thinks that boys with long hair are really ..... . I disagree! (ATTRACTIVE)
2. That shop assistant was so ..... that I went out of the store without buying anything (HELPFUL).
3. Did you know that it is ..... for women to wear makeup in some countries? (LEGAL)
4. Rain is ..... today. The skies are very clear. (LIKELY)
5. Did you really think that the exam was so easy? - I thought it was ..... (POSSIBLE).
6. Some ..... people suffer from a lack of confidence (EMPLOYED).
7. He is very ..... about what he should do next (CERTAIN)
8. Don't be so ..... . They will surely arrive soon (PATIENT)
9. Why are you so ..... . You have everything you need. (HAPPY)
10. The report in the newspaper was totally ..... . They got all the facts wrong. (ACCURATE)
11. I felt very when ..... I told him what was wrong. (COMFORTABLE)
12. The answer is ..... . Try again (CORRECT)
13. I think that is a highly ..... thing to do. (MORAL)
14. When you talk to her, you can use ..... language . She likes that. (FORMAL)

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals!

Adults often ..... (APPROVE) of the way teenagers behave, but this is .....
(LOGICAL) because many of their rules don’t make any sense. It’s .....
(RESPONSIBLE) for adults to behave badly, but tell children to behave well. If adults
are ..... (HONEST) and don’t obey their own rules, then teenagers will ..... (OBEY)
rules too. We may also ..... (AGREE) about what is acceptable behaviour. Why is it
..... (LEGAL) for 17-year-olds to buy cigarettes, when it’s OK for 18-year-olds.

Add a prefix to the correct form of the word in brackets and use the word in
the space provided.

Attempts to communicate in a foreign language can easily go wrong. I'm always .....
(APPOINT) by my attempts to speak Greek on holidays, the waiter on Samos .....
(UNDERSTAND) what I wanted and instead of beetroots brought me mushrooms. I
..... (LIKE) mushrooms greatly, but when I asked him to ..... (PLACE) them with
beetroots he smiled, went into the kitchen and ..... (TURN) with a plateful of
aubergines.
He also ..... (TAKE) my friendly attitude towards everyone I meet and when I
complained that they had ..... (COOK) the meat, Manuel (that was his name if I am
not ..... (TAKE) grinned and spun his moustache. To top it all , I ..... (READ) the bill
and accused the poor waiter of ..... (CHARGE) me. Everything was my fault. It was
my poor Greek again.

Use the negative prefixes and the adjectives given to complete the sentences!

possible - honest - sociable - patient

legal - responsible - pleasant - polite

1. My aunt's children are so ...... They never say please and thank you.
2. Tim's really ...... He never tells the truth.
3. I wish I weren't so ....., but I really don't like going out or talking to new people.
4. Don't be so ...... I'll be ready in 5 minutes.
5. Liz can be really ..... sometimes. She seems to like upsetting people.
6. This maths problem is ...... I can't do it.
7. I wouldn't ask Jack to look after my little brother. He's too ......
8. In Britain, it's ..... to drive under the age of 17.

Dodawanie przyrostków (suffixes)

Przyrostki często zmieniają część mowy i mają określone funkcje.

Najczęściej spotykane przyrostki:

 Suffix Część mowy Examples

-ment noun development, achievement

-tion/-sion noun information, decision,

extension

-ness noun happiness, darkness

-ity noun ability, responsibility

-er/-or noun teacher, actor

-ist noun pianist, scientist

-able/-ible adjective comfortable, possible

-ous adjective dangerous, famous

-ive adjective active, creative

-al adjective cultural, personal

-ly adverb quickly, slowly

-ment, -tion, -ness, -ity, -er, -or, -ist → tworzą rzeczowniki.

-able, -ous, -ive, -al → tworzą przymiotniki.
-ly → tworzy przysłówki.

Zmiany w rdzeniu wyrazu (internal changes)

Niektóre słowa zmieniają się nieregularnie:

strong → strength
wide → width
deep → depth
high → height
choose → choice
long → length
Uzupełnij luki odpowiednią formą podanego w nawiasie słowa.

1. The __________ (develop) of new technologies has changed the way we communicate.
2. Many people believe that __________ (happy) comes from within.
3. The new employee proved to be very __________ (rely) and hard-working.
4. Scientists have made a significant __________ (discover) in the field of medicine.
5. Her __________ (decide) to move abroad surprised everyone.

Uzupełnij luki odpowiednią formą wyrazu, dodając poprawny przyrostek.

1. His __________ (decide) to study abroad was a great opportunity for him.
2. The book was full of useful __________ (inform) about ancient civilizations.
3. She felt a deep sense of __________ (happy) when she heard the news.
4. Many people admire his __________ (creative) and innovative ideas.
5. We need to check the __________ (accurate) of these measurements before submitting the
report.
6. The company’s __________ (fail) was caused by poor management decisions.
7. She is very __________ (help) and always supports her friends.
8. He showed great __________ (strong) during the competition.
9. The movie was so __________ (bore) that I almost fell asleep.
10. The scientist made a significant __________ (discover) in the field of medicine.

Wybierz poprawną formę wyrazu.

1. His sudden __________ (arrive/arrival) surprised everyone.

2. This task is quite __________ (difficulty/difficult), but I can help you.
3. She spoke so __________ (quiet/quietly) that nobody could hear her.
4. There was a lot of __________ (confuse/confusion) during the meeting.
5. The manager is __________ (responsibility/responsible) for organizing the project.

Wybierz poprawną formę wyrazu.

1. Her __________ (kind/kindness) is what makes her so special.

2. The __________ (approve/approval) of the project took longer than expected.
3. He spoke so __________ (soft/softly) that nobody could hear him.
4. The artist’s __________ (popular/popularity) has grown in recent years.
5. This is a very __________ (danger/dangerous) place to walk alone at night.
6. The __________ (perform/performer) was given a standing ovation after the concert.
7. You need to improve your __________ (communicate/communication) skills.
8. The new smartphone model offers a lot of __________ (improve/improvements).
9. Their friendship is based on mutual __________ (respect/respectful).
10. His speech was both __________ (inspire/inspiring) and emotional.
Zadanie 3: Popraw błędy w zdaniach.

1. She was very successly in her career.

2. His honestness is what I admire the most.
3. This idea is completely reasonless.
4. We need to simplifycation the process.
5. He looked at her suspicious and walked away.

Popraw błędy w zdaniach, poprawnie używając przyrostków.

1. His behave was completely unacceptable. → __________

2. She is a very success person in her career. → __________
3. The teacher asked for a clear explain of the problem. → __________
4. This is a very interest book about history. → __________
5. We need a quick solve to this issue. → __________
6. The manager gave us some useful advise. → __________
7. Her react to the news was unexpected. → __________
8. He is a very patience person. → __________
9. The decise to move abroad was difficult. → __________
10. This city is famous for its beautyful architecture. → __________

Use a prefix or a suffix to make a new word out of the word in brackets .
Complete the sentence with it.

PREFIXES SUFFIXES

DIS- UN- IM- RE- -ING -ED -ANCE -FUL -ABLE - LY -OUS -ER

1. I can't answer this question. It's ..... (POSSIBLE).

2. Don't stand near the water. It's too ..... (DANGER).
3. I don't like this fish. It's not very well ..... (COOK).
4. Kate started crying because she was so ..... (HAPPY)
5. If you have a haircut, it will change your ..... (APPEAR)
6. Paul never waits in queues. He is too ..... (PATIENT)
7. Thank you for your advice. You have been very ..... (HELP).
8. Stealing other people's money is ..... (HONEST)
9. Our science ..... is very young. (TEACH)
10. Harry didn't think the book was very ..... (INTEREST).
11. A million pounds was given to the hospital by an ..... person (KNOWN)
12. When you ..... this paragraph, make it a bit shorter (WRITE)
13. Mary was wearing a/an ..... hat (USUAL)
14. That was a great film. It was really ..... (ENJOY)
15. I like this town. The people are very ..... (FRIEND)
16. I don't think you're right. I ..... with you completely (AGREE)

Complete the sentences using a negative form of the word in brackets !

1. I'm sorry I ..... her message completely. I simply didn't pay attention (UNDERSTAND)
2. We ..... as soon as we got to the hotel, then we went for a walk (PACK)
3. She was here a minute ago but then she ..... . I don't know where she went . (APPEAR)
4. We usually have similar opinions but I totally ..... with him on this subject (AGREE)
5. My homework was so bad that I had to ..... it (WRITE)
6. Her alarm clock didn't go off and she ..... (SLEEP)
7. It's ..... to bring those things with you on a plane (LEGAL)
8. She finally managed to ..... the door and we were able to go in (LOCK)
9. I ..... the movie but everyone else enjoyed it (LIKE)
10. I don't think I will pass the exam but I can ..... it in September (TAKE)
11. He wrapped my present so well that it took me five minutes to ..... it (WRAP)
12. I was so tried that I fell asleep without getting ..... (DRESS)
13. My spell checker corrects a mistake whenever I ..... a word (SPELL)
14. That bill can't be right. I think he ..... me (CHARGE)
15. This handwriting is impossible to read. It's ..... (LEGIBLE)
16. I thought it was very ..... of him to treat her in such a brutal way (POLITE)
17. He has been ..... for over two years now and there is no sign of him getting any work
(EMPLOY)
18. She can never wait for five minutes. She's so ..... (PATIENT)
19. The store closed down but it will ..... next month (OPEN)
20. You can get a bad stomach from ..... (EAT).

Uzupełnij luki, dodając odpowiedni przedrostek i zmieniając część mowy tak,

aby pasowała do kontekstu.

1. The manager completely __________ (estimate) the costs, which led to financial problems.
2. His __________ (responsible) behavior caused serious damage to the company’s reputation.
3. She was __________ (able) to complete the assignment on time due to unexpected difficulties.
4. The scientist’s theory was later proven to be completely __________ (valid).
5. The government’s decision was widely criticized for its __________ (effect) measures.
6. We need to __________ (evaluate) our business strategy before making further investments.
7. His __________ (appropriate) remarks during the meeting offended several colleagues.
8. The experiment was a failure due to __________ (calculate) measurements.
9. The newly introduced policy turned out to be highly __________ (function) in practice.
10. The company had to __________ (structure) its management system to improve efficiency.
11. His actions showed complete __________ (respect) for the rules.
12. The decision was __________ (legal), so the court overturned it.
13. Many people find her attitude rather __________ (mature) for her age.
14. The report contained several __________ (truth) statements.
15. The machine was __________ (use) due to a critical malfunction.
16. We need to __________ (consider) our approach before proceeding.
17. He gave an entirely __________ (convince) argument, so nobody believed him.
18. The students were __________ (prepare) for such a difficult exam.
19. The document was found to be __________ (authentic) and therefore could not be used as
evidence.
20. They had to __________ (construct) the bridge after the earthquake.
21. His argument was completely __________ (logic), so nobody took him seriously.
22. The judge ruled the contract __________ (valid) due to a missing signature.
23. She is known for her __________ (ability) to handle pressure at work.
24. The speech was full of __________ (information) statements that interested the audience.
25. The company had to __________ (locate) its headquarters after the natural disaster.
26. His behavior was highly __________ (respect) towards his colleagues, leading to complaints.
27. The organization had to __________ (vise) its strategy after the initial failure.
28. His actions were clearly __________ (moral), and he was criticized for them.
29. The decision to cut funding was __________ (wise), as it caused more harm than good.
30. The company had to __________ (regulate) its procedures to comply with new laws.
31. His __________ (competent) in handling customer complaints led to his dismissal.
32. The book contained a lot of __________ (lead) information that confused readers.
33. The scientist’s findings were later __________ (prove) by other researchers.
34. The meeting was canceled due to __________ (expected) circumstances.
35. The government decided to __________ (form) its tax policies to support small businesses.
36. The product turned out to be highly __________ (function), leading to massive recalls.
37. The report contained some __________ (accurate) data that had to be corrected.
38. The lawyer claimed the accusations were completely __________ (just).
39. The school had to __________ (place) its students in new classrooms due to overcrowding.
40. The new manager decided to __________ (structure) the company’s workflow.