Exercise – 7

9. 1) The given sequence: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.................. 6) Given that,

1− (−1)3n
nth term =
Here, 2
1− (−1)30
1st term a = 2 th
∴ 10 term =
2
Common difference, d = 4 – 2 = 2 1−1
=
∴ The given series is an arithmetic series. 2

Now, nth term = a + (n – 1)d =0

1− (−1)45
= 2 + (n – 1) 2 ∴ 15th term =
2
= 2 + 2n – 2 =
1+1

= 2n 2
2
th
∴ 10 term = 2 × 10 =
2
= 20 =1
15th term = 2 × 15 1− (−1)r
∴ rth term =
2
= 30
rth term = 2r
10. a) Given that,
1
1 3 5 nth term of sequence, Un =
2) The given sequence: , 1, , 2, , .................... n

1
2 2 2
If Un < 10– 5
st
Here, 1 term, a = 1
2 then, < 10– 5
1 1 n
Common difference, d = 1 – = 1 1
2 2 or, <
n 105
∴ The given series is an arithmetic series.
or, n > 105
We know, nth term = a + (n – 1) d
1 1
∴ n > 105 (Ans)
= + (n – 1)  b) Given that,
2 2
1 𝑛 1 1
= + – nth term of the sequence, Un =
n
2 2 2
𝑛
= If Un > 10– 5
2 1 1
∴ 10th term =
10
=5 then, >
n 105
2
15 or, n < 105
15th term =
2 ∴ n < 105 (Ans).
𝑟
rth term =
2
c) Given that,
1 1
th Un =
3) Given that, n term = n
n (n+1)
1 It is clear that if the value of n is successively increasing then
⸫ 10th term = 1
10 ( 10+1)
1
the value of is decreasing.
n
= 1
110
1
So, if n is sufficiently large then becomes 0.
n
15th term =
15 ( 15+1) ∴ The limiting value of Un = 0 (Ans).
1
=
240
1
rth term =
r(r+1) 11. a. The given series,
4) It is seen that, the terms in the even position of the series is 1 1 1
1 + + + + ..........
1 and the odd position of the series is 0. 2 4 8

∴ 10th term = 1 Here,

15th term = 0 1st term, a = 1
1
If r is even then, rth term = 1. Common ratio, r = ÷ 1
2
If r is odd then, rth term = 0. 1
=
5 5 5 5 2
5) The given sequence, 5, , , , , ........... 1 1
3 9 27 81 Since, | r | = | | = < 1
2 2
Here, 1st term, a = 5
5 5 1 1
∴ The sum of the given series up to infinity exists.
Common ratio, r = ÷ 5 = × = Now, sum up to infinity, S =
a
3 3 5 3
1−r
∴ The given sequence is geometric series. 1
= 1
Now, nth term = arn – 1 1−
2
5 1
∴ 10th term = = 1
39
5 2
th
∴ 15 term = =1×
2
314
5 1
∴ rth term = =2 (Ans)
3r−1

1
b. Given that, ∴ The sum of the given series will exist up to infinity.
1 2 4 8 a
– + – + ............ Now, sum up to infinity, S =
5 52 53 54 1−r
1 1
st
Here, 1 term, a = = 2
5 1
2 1 1−( )
2
Common ratio, r = – 2 ÷ 1
5 5
2
2 5 =
= – × 3
52 1 2
2 1 2
=– = ×
5 2 3
2 2 1
Since, | r | = |– | = < 1. = (Ans).
5 5 3
∴ The sum of the series up to infinity exist. 12. a. Here,
a 7 + 77 + 777 + .......
Now, sum up to infinity, S =
1−r
1 = 7(1 + 11 + 111 + ............)
5 7
= −2 = (9 + 99 + 999 + ...........)
1−( ) 9
5
1 7
5
= {(10 – 1) + (100 – 1) + (1000 – 1) + .........}
= 9
2
1+ 7
5 = {(10 + 100 + 1000 + ............) – (1 + 1 + 1 + ...........)}
1 9
5
= 7 In the series, 10 + 100 + 1000 + ..........
5
1
1st term, a = 10
= (Ans). Common ratio, r = 100 ÷ 10 = 10 > 1
7
a (rn − 1)
∴ Sum of 1st n terms =
r−1
c. The given series,
10 (10n − 1)
8+2+ + +
1 1 1
+ .......... =
10−1
2 8 32 10
st
1 term, a = 8 = (10n – 1).
9
2
Common ratio, r = Again,
8
1 In the series, 1 + 1 + 1 + ............
=
4 Sum of n term = n
1 1
Since, | r | = | | = < 1 ∴ Sum of n terms of the given series,
4 4
7 10
∴ The series will have sum up to infinity. Sn = { (10n – 1) – n}
a 9 9
Now, sum up to infinity, S = 70 7n
1−r = (10n – 1) – (Ans).
81 9
8
= 8
1−
4
8 b. The given series,
= 4−1
4
5 + 55 + 555 + .......
8 = 5(1 + 11 + 111 + ............)
= 3
5
4 = (9 + 99 + 999 + ...........)
4 9
=8× 5
3 = {(10 – 1) + (100 – 1) + (1000 – 1) + .........}
32 9
= (Ans). 5
3 = {(10 + 100 + 1000 + ........) – (1 + 1 + 1 + ........)}
9

d. The given series,

Now,
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + .......
In the series (10 + 100 + 1000 + .........)
Here,
1st term, a = 10
1st term, a = 1 100
Common ratio, r = 2 ÷ 1 Common ratio, r =
10
=2 = 10
Since, | r | = | 2 | = 2 > 1 a (rn − 1)
∴ Sum of n terms =
r−1
∴ The sum of the given series up to infinity does not exist. 10 (10n − 1)
(Ans). =
10−1
e. The given series, Again, in the series, (1 + 1 + 1 + ........)
1 1 1 1 Sum of n terms = n
+ (– ) + + (– ) + ........
2 4 8 16 5 10 (10n − 1 )
st
Here, 1 term, a =
1 ∴ Sum of n terms of the given series, Sn = { – n}
9 9
2 50 5n
Common ratio, r = -
1
÷
1 = (10n – 1) –
81 9
4 2
1 (Ans)
=– ×2
4
−1
=
2
−1 1
Since, | r | = | | = < 1.
2 2
2
13. The given series ˙305
=2+
1 1 1 1− ˙001
+ + + ………………… ˙305
x+1 (x+1)2 (x+1 )3 =2+
˙999
Here 305
1 =2+
999
1st term, a = 305
x+1
1 1 =2 (Ans)
999
Common ratio, r = ÷
(x+1)2 x+1
1 x+1
=
(x+1)2
×
1 c. 001̇23̇ = 00123123123123.......
1 = 00123 + 00000123 + 00000000123 + ......
=
x+1
Here,
1st term, a = 00123
The given series will have sum up to infinity, if | r | < 1. 0  0000123
If r is positive then, r < 1 Common ratio, r =
00123
1 = 0 001
or, <1
x+1 a 00123 00123 41
or, x + 1 > 1 ∴ 001̇23̇ = = = = (Ans)
1−r 1−0001 0999 3330
or, x > 1 – 1
∴x>0 d. Here,
Again, if r is negative then, – r < 1 304̇03̇ = 30403403403………………….
or, r > – 1 = 3 + 00403 + 00000403 + 00000000403 + ........
1
or, >–1 In the series, 00403 + 00000403 + 00000000403 + ........
x+1
or, x + 1 < – 1 1st term, a = 00403
or, x < –1 – 1 Common ratio, r = 0001
a
or, x < – 2 ∴ 304̇03̇ = 3 +
1−r
∴ The required condition, x > 0 or x < – 2. 00403
=3+
1−00001
00403
a =3+
Now, sum up to infinity, S  = 0999
1−r
1 00403
=3+
x+1 09990
= 1 403
1−
x+1 =3+
1 9990
x+1 403
= x =3 (Ans)
x+1 9990
1 x
= ÷
x+1 x+1
1 x+1
= × 15.
x+1 x
1
= (Ans) 16.
x

14. a. 02̇7̇ = 027272727.......

= 027 + 00027 + 0000027 + ....
Here
1st term, a = 027
00027
Common ratio, r = = 001
027
a
∴ 02̇7̇ =
1−r
0 27
=
1−0 01
027
=
0 99
27
=
99
3
= (Ans)
11

b. 2˙3̇05̇ = 2˙305305305..............
= 2 + 0˙305 + 0˙000305 + 0˙000000305 + ............

In the series, 0˙305 + 0˙000305 + 0˙000000305 + ............

1st term, a = ˙305
0˙000305
Common ratio, r = = ˙001
˙305
a
Now, 2˙3̇05̇ = 2 +
1−r

3
CQ- 1. (2x+1)-1 + (2x+1)-2 + (2x+1)-3 + …........... is an infinite c) The given series: (2x+1)-1 + (2x+1)-2 + (2x+1)-3 + …...........
geometric series. 1 1 1
= + + + ..................
2x+1 (2x+1)2 (2x+1)3
a) If x = 1, find the common ratio by obtaining the series.
Here,
b) If x = 1, find the 10th term, sum of the first 10 terms and 1
sum up to infinity if exist. 1st term, a =
2x+1
1 1
c) Impose a condition on x under which the series will have Common ratio, r = ÷
(2x+1)2 2x+1
sum up to infinity and find the sum. 1 2x+1
= ×
(2x+1)2 1
1
Solution: =
2x+1
a) Given that, x = 1. The given series will have sum up to infinity if | r | < 1.
The given series: (2x+1)-1 + (2x+1)-2 + (2x+1)-3 + …........... If r is positive then, r < 1
1 1 1
= + + + ......... or,
1
<1
2x+1 (2x+1)2 (2x+1)3
2x+1
1 1 1
= + + + ......... or, 2x + 1 > 1
21+1 (21+1)2 (21+1)3
1 1 1 or, 2x > 1 – 1
= + + + .........
3 32 33 or, 2x > 0
1 1
∴ The common ratio of the series, r = ÷ ∴x>0
32 3
=
1
(Ans). Again, if r is negative then, – r < 1
3
or, r > – 1
1
b) From ‘a’ we get, or, >–1
2x+1

If x = 1, then the given series = +

1 1
+
1
+ ......... or, 2x + 1 < – 1
3 32 33
or, 2x < –1 – 1
Here,
1 or, 2x < – 2
1st term, a = ∴ x < –1
3
1
Common ratio, r = The required condition: x < – 1 or x > 0 (Ans).
3 a
∴ 10th term = arn – 1 Now, sum up to infinity, S =
1−r
1 1 1
= . ( )10−1 2x+1
3 3 = 1
1 1 1−
= . ( )9 2x+1
1
3 3
1 10 2x+1
= ( ) = 2x+1−1
3 2x+1
1 1
= (Ans) 2x+1
310 = 2x
a (1− rn ) 2x+1
Again, sum of the first 10 terms = 1 2x
1−r
1 1 = ÷
{ 1−( )10 } 2x+1 2x+1
3 3 1 2x+1
= 1 = ×
1−
3 2x+1 2x
1 1 1
(1− 10 ) = (Ans).
3 3
= 1 2x
1− 1
3
1 1
CQ- 2. The nth term of a series, Un =
(1− 10 ) n(n+1)
3 3
= 2 a) Find the common ratio of the series if exist.
3
1 1 3 b) Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the series.
= (1 − )×
3 310 2 c) Find the sum up to infinity of the series. What is the
1 1
= (1 − ) (Ans). limiting value of Un?
2 310
1 1
Since, | r | = | | = < 1
3 3 Solution:
∴ The series will exist sum up to infinity.
a
a. The nth term of the given sequence,
Now, sum up to infinity, S = 1
1−r Un =
1 n(n+1)
= 3 1 1
1−
1 1st term, U1 = =
3 1 (1+1) 2
1
nd 1 1
= 3 2 term, U2 = =
3−1 2 (2+1) 6
3 rd 1 1
1 3 term, U3 = =
3 (3+1) 12
3
= 2 th 1 1
3 4 term, U4 = =
4 (4+1) 20
1 3
= ×
3 2 ……………………………………
=
1
(Ans). ……………………………………
2 1 1 1 1
∴ The series will be + + + + .........
2 6 12 20

4
 1 1 1 2 1 Putting n= 1, 2, 3, 4, ……….., r we get,
Here, ÷ = × =
6 2 6 1 3
1 1 1 6 1
÷ = × = U1 = 1–
1
12 6 12 1 2
2
∴ The series is not a geometric series. 1 1
U2 = –
∴ The series does not have any common ratio. 2 3
1 1
U3 = –
3 4
1 1 1
b. The nth term of the series Un = U4 = –
n(n+1) 4 5
1
th
∴ 15 term, U15 = ……………....
15(15+1)
1 ………………
= 1 1
240 Ur = –
𝑟 r+1
Again, 1
1 1 1 ∴ U1+U2+U3+U4+ ..... +Ur = 1 –
nth term, Un = = – r+1
n (n+1) n n+1 1
∴ The sum of r terms, Sr = 1 –
Putting n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ……….., 10 we get, r+1
1 1
U1 = 1 –
1 If r =  then, = =0
2 r+1  +1
1
U2 = –
1 1 ∴ Sum up to infinity, S = 1 –
2 3  +1

U3 = –
1 1 =1–0
3 4
1 1
=1 (Ans)
U4 = – Again,
4 5
……………… nth term of the series, Un =
1
n(n+1)
……………....
1 1 It is seen that, if the value of n is successively increased then
U10 = – 1
10 11 the value of is successively decreased. If n is
1 n(n+1)
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + ............... + U10 = 1 – 1
11 sufficiently large then the value of becomes nearly 0.
11−1 n(n+1)
=
11 ∴ The limiting value of Un is 0 (Ans).
10
=
11
10
∴ The sum of the first 10 terms, S10 = (Ans).
11

1 1 1
c. The nth term of the series Un = = –
n(n+1) n n+1