 C- COMMON

 O-OPERATING
 M-MACHINE
 P-PARTICULAR
 U-USED
 T-TECHNICAL
 E-EDUCATIONAL
 R-REASEARCHES
 ABACUS – it is a 1st computing device which was used
for calculating.
 The 1st mechanical ( Calculator) adding
machine was invented by Blaise Pascal in
1642.

 The 1st calculator for multiplication was

invented by B.G.Wilhelm in the year of 1671.
 He was the professor at cambridge university in
nineteenth century. During this period mathematical &
statistical table were prepared by a group of clerk, but
as error checking was a continuous process. So
Babbage designed a “Difference Engine” in the year of
1822/1823 which could produce reliable table & came
up with the idea of “Analytical Engine” in 1842.
 However his effort to produce a working model of this
machine could not be fulfilled but his efforts
established a number of principles which has been
shown to be fundamental to the design of any digital
computers.
A. Computer is an electronic device which is capable of
performing operation in numeric or logical terms.
B. A computer is an electronic device that takes input
such as numbers, text, sound, image, animations,
video, etc., processes it, and converts it into
meaningful information that could be understood,
presenting the changed input (processed input) as
output.
C. Computer is an electronic device which is capable to
perform a arithmetic & logical operation, even it
works very fast rather then human beings.
 A computer is an automatic electronic machine that
converts raw data into useful information with the help
of certain instruction. These instruction are issued in a
for
 Computer is an electronic device that receives input,
stores or processes the input as per user instructions
and provides output in desired format of program.
 ACCURACY-:
If the input of instruction given to a computer is
correct, there is no scope for any error in the task
perform by computer. The accuracy of a computer is
consistently high.
 SPEED-:
A computer work at great speed, it can perform
complex of task within short of time even it can process
the data and information in a blink of eye which other
may take more time.
 DILIGENCE -:
Computer has absolute diligence in working because it
can work tirelessly for hour together with the same
speed and accuracy.
 AUTOMATIC-:
It is an automatic electronic machine because once it
started the job, it carry on, until the job is finished
normally without any human assistance
 VERSATILITY-:
Computer can perform multiple task of different nature
at one and the same time.
 STORAGE-:
Computer have the ability to store large amount of data
which we can use for our future reference even we can
accessed the information after several years with 100%
completion and accuracy.
 POWER OF REMEMBERING -:
A computer can store and recall any amount of
information because of its secondary storage capability.
 NO FEELINGS-:
Computer is an electronic machine, it has no feelings, it
detects the objects on the basic of instruction given to
it. Based on our feelings, taste, knowledge and
experience. It can not make such judgments on their
own. Their judgments are totally based on instruction
given to it.
 Computers are classified according to their data
processing speed, memory power, & amount of data it
can hold. That's why computers are mainly divided into
four manner.
1. MICRO COMPUTER
2. MINI COMPUTER
3. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
4. SUPER COMPUTER
 These computers are also called a single user or
personal computer because in this computers only one
user uses these computer at a time that why it is also
known as a personal computer. Almost all user are
familiar with this computer. The memory size and
working capability of these computers are quite low in
compare to other classes of computers. There are
various type of micro computers are available in market
like- Desktop, Laptop, Tablet PC, PDA.
 DESKTOP-
 A desktop computer is a personal computer designed
for regular use at a single location on or near a desk or
table due to its size and power requirements. It is very
heavy weight & difficult to carry from one place to
another.
 LAPTOP-:
 A laptop is a tinny device & it has the processor,
memory, keyboard, hard drive and display integrated
into single unit which is operate by electricity even by
battery also. It is very lightweight that why its very
easy to carry from one place to another.
 TABLET PC-:
 It is wireless, portable personal computer with a touch
screen interface. This PC relies digital ink technology
where a digitizer is laid under or over LED screen to
create electromagnetic field for capturing the moments.
 Personal Digital Assistance (PDA)
 It is a versatile machine which is based on touch screen
interface. PDAs have many uses like calculating,
calendar, playing game, internet, email etc. The smart
phone is the best example of PDA.
 It is a multi user computer which is used to control the
machine in a manufacturing company. It has higher
memory, higher processing power and higher storage
capability compare to micro computer. Basically this
computer are used in network environment.

 It can process several million program instruction per
second, large organization relay on these room size
system to handle for large program with lots of data.
These are mainly used by insurance companies, banks,
airlines and railway reservation etc.
 These are the fastest calculating devices ever
invented. The largest in size, the most
expensive then any other is accessed. It can
process trillion of instruction per second.
Goverment specially use this super computer
for their totally different calculation and
significant job. In most of the Hollywood
movie uses this computer for animation
propose.
 Basically compute components are devided into two
type like
A. HARDWARE
B. SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
The physical equipment required to create, use,
manipulate and store the electronic data is referred to
as hardware.
SOFTWARE – The computerized instruction that operate
a computer, manipulate the data and execute
particular function or task is referred as a software.
 HARDWARE
 We can get various type of hardware components in
computer like….
 CPU……… The part of the computer which is execute
program and instruction is known as a central
processing unit. It is also known as a brain of the
computer because it is single chip located at the heart
of the computer which is enable it to process the data
that why it is also known as a processor. It ca perform
arithmetic and logical operation like addition,
subtraction, multiplication etc
 MEMORY
This is an area with in a computer system that holds data
waiting to be processed. There are primarily two types of
computer memory. Like Internal & external.
internal memory is the memory which is used by the computer
processor to run its application, program and operating
system. The internal memory is RAM & ROM.
 RAM--- Ram stands for random access memory. This memory
is accessed randomly that is any byte of memory can be
accessed without touching the previous sequence of byte.
These memory generally loses its contents when you switch
off the computer. That’s why RAM is also known as a volatile
memory.
 ROM-----
It stands for read only memory. Rom is designed to
hold permanent stored program installed by the
computer manufacture. Rom stores the startup routine
for the booting process and diagnostic program that
check the computer hardware. The CPU can only read
the instruction from ROM. It cant not write, erase or
change the content of ROM, that’s why it is also non as
a non volatile or permanent memory.
 STORAGE
When you want to store the data or information
permanently, you need to transfer the data
from primary memory to magnetic disk or
optical disk. There are three type common
type of secondary storage devices like-
Floppy disk, Hard disk and optical disk.
Input device is a device which is used to insert the data
or instruction is called a input device .
 Example:
1. KEYBORD,
2. MOUSE,
3. JOYSTICK,
4. SCANNER
 An output device is a piece of computer hardware
equipment which is used for get information or results
from the computer .
Example:
 MONITOR
 SPEAKER
 PRINTER
 HEADPHONE
Introduction
A software is basically a collection
of inter-related program telling
the computer what to do. software
is the computerized instruction
that operates the computer,
execute particular function or task
and manipulate data.
1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
 System software is
computer software
which is designed to
operate the computer
hardware and to
provide and maintain
the platform for
running application
software.
 The computer
BIOS(basic input output
system) is device
hardware, which
provides basis function
to operate and
controlled the hardware
connected to or built
into the
Computer.
 The operating system which is
allow the computer to work
together by performing a task
like transforming the data
between memory and disks and
rendering output into a display
device.
 This software allows
and user to
accomplice one or
more specific task
mainly there software
are used for our
personal requirement.
for example: