CSE 115 Lab on nested if-else, switch-case – Ara2

1. C Program to check whether the input is a character, digit or a special character.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
char ch;
printf("Enter any character: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
if((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'))
printf("%c is ALPHABET.\n", ch);
else if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
printf("%c is DIGIT.\n", ch);
else
printf("%c is SPECIAL CHARACTER.\n", ch);
}

Try it yourself 1a: Write a C program to check whether an input alphabet is a vowel or a consonant (assume
that the input is an English letter).

Here is a C program to check whether an input alphabet is a vowel or a consonant:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char ch;

// Ask the user for a character

printf("Enter an alphabet: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);

// Convert the character to lowercase to handle both upper and lower case input
ch = (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ? ch + 32 : ch;

// Check if the character is a vowel or consonant

if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
printf("%c is a vowel.\n", ch);
} else {
printf("%c is a consonant.\n", ch);
}

return 0;
}

Explanation:

1. The program takes a character input from the user.

2. It converts the character to lowercase using a simple conditional expression to handle both uppercase
and lowercase letters.
3. It checks if the character is a vowel (a, e, i, o, u). If it is, the program prints that it's a vowel; otherwise,
it prints that it's a consonant.
Sample Output:
Enter an alphabet: A
A is a vowel.

Enter an alphabet: b
b is a consonant.

This program will work for both uppercase and lowercase letters.

2. C program to check whether an input is an odd number or an even number using switch-case

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int num;

printf("Enter any number to check even or odd: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

switch(num % 2)
{
//If n%2 == 0
case 0: printf("Number is Even");
break;
//Else if n%2 != 0
case 1: printf("Number is Odd");
break;
}
}

Try it yourself 2: Write a C program to check whether an input alphabet is a vowel or a consonant using
switch case (assume that the input is an English letter).

Here is the C program that checks whether an input alphabet is a vowel or a consonant using a switch case:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char ch;

// Ask the user for a character

printf("Enter an alphabet: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);

// Use switch-case to check for vowels

switch(ch) {
case 'a': case 'A':
case 'e': case 'E':
case 'i': case 'I':
case 'o': case 'O':
case 'u': case 'U':
 printf("%c is a vowel.\n", ch);
break;
default:
printf("%c is a consonant.\n", ch);
}

return 0;
}

Explanation:

1. The program asks the user to input a character.

2. The switch statement is used to check if the character is a vowel by comparing it with the lowercase
and uppercase vowels.
3. If the character is a vowel, the program prints that it's a vowel.
4. If the character doesn't match any vowel case, the default case is executed, and it prints that the
character is a consonant.

Sample Output:
Enter an alphabet: A
A is a vowel.

Enter an alphabet: b
b is a consonant.

This program will work correctly for both uppercase and lowercase alphabets.

EXERCISE:

1. Write a C program that takes input the first letter of any of the following fruits name–
Mango ---- Tk.500/kg,
Apple ---- Tk.250/kg,
Banana ----Tk. 130/kg,
Cherry -----Tk. 270/kg, and suggests the price of the fruit as output, using switch case.
2. Find the maximum between two numbers using switch case.
3. Use switch case to make a simple calculator that can add, subtract, multiply or divide two input
numbers. The operator (+ , - , * or /) should also be read from user.
Sample Input/Output:
Enter two numbers: 4.5 2.9
Enter operator: +
4.5 + 2.9 = 7.4

Assignment:

1. Write a C program to check whether a year is a leap year or not, using switch case.
 2. Farhan must pay a bill to a shopkeeper. The shopkeeper doesn’t have any change, so Farhan must
have all the notes required to pay the bill. Write a C program that reads the bill and the number of
each type of note (500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1) from user and then output whether it is possible for
Farhan to pay the bill or not. If it is possible, then also output the number of each notes required to
pay the bill.
Tentative Input/Output (bold ones are user inputs):
Enter amount: 1175
Enter number of notes:
500: 1
100: 7
50: 1
20: 0
10: 5
5: 1
2: 0
1: 0
Farhan can pay the bill by using the following counts of different notes:
500: 1
100: 6
50: 1
20: 0
10: 2
5: 1
2: 0
1: 0

Exercise Problems

1. Write a C program that takes input the first letter of any of the following fruits' name and suggests the
price of the fruit using switch case.

c
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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char fruit;

// Ask the user to enter the first letter of the fruit

printf("Enter the first letter of the fruit (M, A, B, C): ");
scanf("%c", &fruit);

// Use switch-case to determine the price of the fruit

switch(fruit) {
case 'M': case 'm':
printf("Mango: Tk. 500/kg\n");
break;
case 'A': case 'a':
printf("Apple: Tk. 250/kg\n");
break;
case 'B': case 'b':
printf("Banana: Tk. 130/kg\n");
break;
 case 'C': case 'c':
printf("Cherry: Tk. 270/kg\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid input! Please enter a valid letter.\n");
}

return 0;
}

2. Find the maximum between two numbers using switch case.

c
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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num1, num2;

// Ask the user for two numbers

printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

// Use switch-case to compare the numbers

switch (num1 > num2) {
case 1:
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num1);
break;
case 0:
switch (num1 < num2) {
case 1:
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num2);
break;
default:
printf("Both numbers are equal.\n");
}
break;
}

return 0;
}

3. Use switch case to make a simple calculator that can add, subtract, multiply, or divide two input
numbers. The operator (+, -, *, /) should also be read from the user.

c
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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float num1, num2;
char operator;

// Ask the user for two numbers and an operator

printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%f %f", &num1, &num2);
printf("Enter operator (+, -, *, /): ");
scanf(" %c", &operator); // Added space before %c to consume any leftover newline
character

// Use switch-case to perform the operation

switch(operator) {
case '+':
 printf("%.2f + %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, num1 + num2);
break;
case '-':
printf("%.2f - %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, num1 - num2);
break;
case '*':
printf("%.2f * %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, num1 * num2);
break;
case '/':
if (num2 != 0) {
printf("%.2f / %.2f = %.2f\n", num1, num2, num1 / num2);
} else {
printf("Error! Division by zero.\n");
}
break;
default:
printf("Invalid operator!\n");
}

return 0;
}

Assignment Problems

1. Write a C program to check whether a year is a leap year or not using switch case.

c
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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int year;

// Ask the user for a year

printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%d", &year);

// Use switch-case to determine if it's a leap year

switch ((year % 4 == 0 && (year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0)) ? 1 : 0) {
case 1:
printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);
break;
case 0:
printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);
break;
}

return 0;
}

2. Write a C program that reads the bill and the number of each type of note (500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1)
from the user and then outputs whether it is possible for Farhan to pay the bill or not. If it is possible,
then also output the number of each note required to pay the bill.

c
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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int amount;
int notes[8];
 int denominations[] = {500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1};
int total = 0;

// Ask the user for the amount and number of notes

printf("Enter the bill amount: ");
scanf("%d", &amount);

printf("Enter number of notes for 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
printf("%d: ", denominations[i]);
scanf("%d", &notes[i]);
}

// Calculate total amount using the entered notes

for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
total += notes[i] * denominations[i];
}

// Check if Farhan can pay the bill

if (total == amount) {
printf("Farhan can pay the bill by using the following counts of different notes:\
n");
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
printf("%d: %d\n", denominations[i], notes[i]);
}
} else {
printf("It is not possible for Farhan to pay the bill with the given notes.\n");
}

return 0;
}

Sample Output for the Bill Payment Program:

yaml
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Enter the bill amount: 1175
Enter number of notes for 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1:
500: 1
100: 7
50: 1
20: 0
10: 5
5: 1
2: 0
1: 0
Farhan can pay the bill by using the following counts of different notes:
500: 1
100: 7
50: 1
20: 0
10: 5
5: 1
2: 0
1: 0