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Ip Address Introduction

The document explains network addressing, focusing on IP addresses, which uniquely identify devices on the internet and facilitate data transfer. It details the structure of IP addresses, including IPv4 and IPv6, and their categorization into classes based on network and host identification. Additionally, it highlights the role of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) in managing IP address assignments.

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debmuoki
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3 views

Ip Address Introduction

The document explains network addressing, focusing on IP addresses, which uniquely identify devices on the internet and facilitate data transfer. It details the structure of IP addresses, including IPv4 and IPv6, and their categorization into classes based on network and host identification. Additionally, it highlights the role of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) in managing IP address assignments.

Uploaded by

debmuoki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Addressing

 IP address:An IP address represents a unique address


that distinguishes any device on the internet or any
network from another.
 IP or Internet Protocol defines the set of commands
directing the setup of data transferred through the
internet or any other local network.
 An IP address is the identifier that enables your
device to send or receive data packets across the
internet. It holds information related to your
location making devices available for two-way
1 communication.
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 The internet requires a process to distinguish
between different networks, routers, and
websites.
 Therefore, IP addresses provide the mechanism of
doing so, and it forms an indispensable part in the
working of the internet.

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 Network Addressing is one of the major
responsibilities of the network layer.
 Network addresses are always logical.Thus,
software-based addresses.
 A host is also known as end system that has one link
to the network. The boundary between the host and
link is known as an interface. Therefore, the host can
have only one interface.
 A router is different from the host in that it has two
or more links that connect to it.
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 When a router forwards the datagram it forwards
the packet to one of the links. The boundary
between the router and the link is known as an
interface. A router can have multiple interfaces one
for each of its links. Each interface is capable of
sending and receiving the IP packets. Hence, IP
requires each interface to have an address.
 Each IP address comprises of 32 bits long, and they
are represented in the form of "dot-decimal
notation" where each byte is written in the decimal
form, and they are separated by the period.
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 An IP address would look like 193.32.216.9 where
193 represents the decimal notation of first 8 bits of
an address, 32 represents the decimal notation of
second 8 bits of an address etc.
 Hence, an IP address is represented by a series of
numbers segregated by periods(.). They are expressed
in the form of four pairs - an example address might
be 255.255.255.255 wherein each set can range from
0 to 255.

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 Addresses are not produced randomly. They are
generated mathematically and further assigned by
the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA), a
department of the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers(ICANN).
 This is a non-profit corporation founded in the US
back in 1998 with an aim to manage Internet
security and enable it to be available by all.

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Types of IP Address
 An IP address is categorized into two different
types based on the number of IP address it
contains. These are:
 IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)
 IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
 IPv4:It is a current version and the most
commonly used IP address.
 It is a 32-bit address written in four numbers
separated by a dot (.), i.e., periods. This address is
unique for each device. For example, 66.94.29.13
7  What is IPv6?
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 IPv6:IPv6 is the next generation of IP addresses. The main
difference between IPv4 and IPv6 is the address size of IP
addresses.
 The IPv4 is a 32-bit address, whereas IPv6 is a 128-bit
hexadecimal address. IPv6 provides a large address space, and
it contains a simple header as compared to IPv4.

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Example.

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 In the above figure, a router has three interfaces
labeled as 1, 2 & 3 and each router interface
contains its own IP address.
 Each host contains its own interface and IP address.
 All the interfaces attached to the LAN 1 is having
an IP address in the form of 223.1.1.xxx, and the
interfaces attached to the LAN 2 and LAN 3 have
an IP address in the form of 223.1.2.xxx and
223.1.3.xxx respectively.

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 Each IP address consists of two parts. The first part
(first three bytes in IP address) specifies the network
and second part (last byte of an IP address) specifies
the host in the network(i.e Class C).
 An IP address is a unique address that identifies a
device on the internet or a local network. IP stands
for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules
governing the format of data sent via the internet or
local network.
 An IP address is a string of numbers separated by
periods.
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 IP addresses are expressed as a set of four numbers e.g


address might be 192.158.1.38. Each number in the
set can range from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing
range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

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 Each time anyone registers a domain on the internet,
they go through a domain name registrar, who pays a
small fee to ICANN to register the domain.
 Classful Addressing:An IP address is 32-bit long. An
IP address is divided into sub-classes:
 Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D
 Class E
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 An ip address is divided into two parts:
 Network ID: It represents the number of networks.
 Host ID: It represents the number of hosts.

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 Class A
 In Class A, an IP address is assigned to those
networks that contain a large number of hosts.
 The network ID is 8 bits long.
 The host ID is 24 bits long.
 In Class A, the first bit in higher order bits of the first
octet is always set to 0 and the remaining 7 bits
determine the network ID. The 24 bits determine the
host ID in any network.
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END
 The total number of networks in Class A = 27 =
128 network address
 The total number of hosts in Class A = 224 - 2 =
16,777,214 host address.

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