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Learn Google™

Michael Busby

Wordware Publishing, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Busby, Michael.
Learn Google / by Michael Busby.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-55622-038-3 (pbk.)
1. Google. 2. Web search engines. I. Title.
TK5105.885.G66B87 2003
025.04—dc22 2003019756
CIP

© 2004, Wordware Publishing, Inc.

All Rights Reserved

2320 Los Rios Boulevard

Plano, Texas 75074

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means

without permission in writing from Wordware Publishing, Inc.

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN 1-55622-038-3

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0310

Google is a trademark of Google Inc.

All screen shots used in this book copyright 2003 Google Inc.
All brand names and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their
respective companies. Any omission or misuse (of any kind) of service marks or trademarks should not
be regarded as intent to infringe on the property of others. The publisher recognizes and respects all
marks used by companies, manufacturers, and developers as a means to distinguish their products.
This book is sold as is, without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, respecting the contents
of this book and any disks or programs that may accompany it, including but not limited to implied
warranties for the book’s quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose.
Neither Wordware Publishing, Inc. nor its dealers or distributors shall be liable to the purchaser or any
other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to have been
caused directly or indirectly by this book.

All inquiries for volume purchases of this book should be addressed to Wordware
Publishing, Inc., at the above address. Telephone inquiries may be made by calling:
(972) 423-0090
Dedication

For Shane, Drew, and Stuart Busby.

iii
This page intentionally left blank.
Contents

Preface: Searching for and Finding the Golden Fleece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Chapter 1 All about Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What Do We Search For? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
How Much Do We Search? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Why Search? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
What Is the Web? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
What Is a Web Page? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
What Is a Search Engine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Search Engine History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Robots, Spiders, and Metacrawlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Relevancy Ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
How Does a Search Engine Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Issues Searching the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Search Integrity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The Race to Be Number One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
What Is Google? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
How Google Ranks Its Search Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
How Is Google Getting Better? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The Next Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 2 Google Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Google Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Froogle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Google Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Google Catalogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Google Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Google Image Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
The Hard (Google) Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The Wrong (Bright Spark) Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
The Easy (My) Way … That Works! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Google Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Google News Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Google Compute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

v
Contents

Google Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Google WebQuotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Google Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Google Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Google Voice Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Google News. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Google Special Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Google University Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Google Web Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Google Web Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter 3 Google Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Interface Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Search Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
SafeSearch Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Number of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Results Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Save Preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Chapter 4 Basic Google Search Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
The Quote (") Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
The Arithmetic (+, –) Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Boolean Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Complex Boolean Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Search Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Chapter 5 Advanced Google Search Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Advanced Search Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Find Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Occurrences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Language Tools and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

vi
 Contents

Google in Your Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Searching for Hilux: A Real-life Search Example . . . . . . . . 169
SafeSearch Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Similar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Topic-Specific Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Chapter 6 Advanced Alternate Query Search Operators. . . . . . . 181
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Advanced Alternate Query Search Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
cache: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
link: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
related: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
info: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
stock: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
site: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
allintitle: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
intitle: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
allinurl: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
inurl: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Chapter 7 Advanced Image Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Advanced Image Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Find Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Related to All of the Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Related to the Exact Phrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Related to Any of the Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Not Related to the Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Filetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Coloration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
SafeSearch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Chapter 8 The Google Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Google Toolbar Privacy Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Toolbar Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Toolbar Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

vii
Contents

Drag-and-Drop Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Right-click Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Toolbar Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Google Toolbar Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Google Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Search Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
PageRank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Page Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Highlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Toolbar Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Google Home Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Web Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Advanced Search Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Search Preferences Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Language Tools Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Toolbar Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
General Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Search Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Search Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Advanced Features Are ENABLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Page Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Finding Words within a Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Google Compute Is ENABLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Experimental Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Default Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Clear Search History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Privacy Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
About Google Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Contact Us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Toolbar Version 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

viii
 Contents

Chapter 9 Other Google Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Google Help Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Google Site Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
All About Google . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
General FAQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Saving Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Accepting Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Accepting Cookies from Specific Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Setting Google as Your Default Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Netscape 4.0 to 6.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
America Online. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Setting Google as Your Default Search Engine . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Netscape Communicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Windows Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Macintosh Operating System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
UNIX Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Windows Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Macintosh Operating System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Mozilla/Netscape 6 Search Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
IE QuickSearch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Macintosh OS X Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Additional Google Web Search Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Dictionary Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
I’m Feeling Lucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
PhoneBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Spell Checker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Street Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Special Tricks and Treats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Double Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Right-Click . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Miscellaneous Google Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Web APIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Webmaster’s Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Submit Your URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Advertising Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Organizing Your Google Bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Your Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
The Search Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

ix
Contents

Chapter 10 Searching Newsgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Google Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Posting to Google Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Removing Your Post. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Afterword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

x
Preface: Searching for and Finding the
Golden Fleece

In the mythological account Jason and the Argonauts, Jason and his
heroic pals must sail the seas searching for the Golden Fleece.
Jason must return to his homeland with the fleece in order to
reclaim his rightful position as king of Iolcus. In his quest, he
encounters challenges of every description that he must overcome
by shrewd thinking and more than a little help from the gods.
Finally, he finds the Golden Fleece, guarded by a horrific dragon, in
the kingdom of King Aeetes, king of Colchis. With the help of King
Aeetes’ daughter, Medea, he makes off with the Golden Fleece and
triumphantly returns to Iolcus to claim his birthright.
Sometimes, when I have a particularly difficult time trying to find
some nugget of information on the Internet, I recall the story of
Jason and how he did not yield to seemingly insurmountable obsta-
cles. Always at the right moment, Jason achieved the specific
objective required to pass on to the next step or phase of his quest
because he did not quit. So it seems, too, that I ultimately prevail in
my quest for information by perseverance and determination. Of
course, Jason had help from the gods on occasion in the form of
divine intervention. It is not likely that we will find help in the form
of a (handsome) Greek god or (beautiful) goddess (shucky darn!) in
our search for information on the Internet. But, like Jason, if we
don’t quit and we have a little help from a good book with useful
information, then we will find our golden fleece (of information) too.
This book addresses two perspectives involving a web search. The
first perspective is that of the user. There are an estimated 300 mil-
lion web searches performed each day. While each user may
perform two or three searches per day, that is still a lot of users.
Most users do not know how to use the full array of search tools
available to them. Because the tools are not fully utilized, searching

xi
Preface

becomes a chore often filled with a sense of frustration. When the

proper search tools are used, searching becomes a pleasure.
The second perspective is that of the web page designer. Every
web designer wants the ranking of the web page in the search
results to be as close to the coveted number one position as possi-
ble. How do you design a web page so the page’s position in a
search is in the top 30 or 40 results returned by the web search
engine? You must understand why and how people search and how
search engines rank pages. Simply put, the two perspectives are:
n How do you make your “golden fleece” visible to the world?
n How do you find your “golden fleece”?
Just like the mythical tale of Jason and the Argonauts, searching for
your golden fleece (or nugget, as I refer to a search result through-
out the book) of information on the web can be a long, tedious, and
sometimes hazardous journey, fraught with unknown pitfalls. This
book provides a clearly defined path for your quest that will lead
you to the “golden fleece.” Before we begin that quest, let’s con-
sider where we will be questing and why go on the quest at all. Our
quest will take us through the electronic wilderness known as the
Internet.
In recent years, there have been numerous comparisons of the
Internet and its associated World Wide Web with a library. It
seemed to make sense, as both places are repositories of informa-
tion. But two authors of a recent book about Google make the
astounding claim that the Internet and its associated web are not a
library! They advance the claim based upon their belief that the
Internet lacks:
n A central source for resource information
n A paid staff dutifully indexing new material as it comes in
n A well-understood and rigorously adhered-to ontology
They go on to say, “Thinking of the Internet as a library can be mis-
leading.” For sure, the Internet does not represent a brick and
mortar building located in a downtown metropolitan area where no
one in their right mind would be caught after dark. But the general

xii
 Preface

meaning of a library does not necessarily fit within the confines of

someone’s rigid definition. In a broad sense, a library is just a
source of information. While we associated brick and mortar build-
ings with the term “library” in the twentieth century, we will come
more and more to associate the term with the Internet (or at least
certain portions of the Internet) in the twenty-first century. Why?
Why not?
There really is no compelling reason to continue producing paper-
based books other than it is in the vested interest of several indus-
tries to chop down trees, make pulp paper, and have printed matter.
The publishing industry is beginning to recognize the power and
impact of electronic publishing, and they will move, probably slowly,
toward an all-electronic product. Eventually, paper-based books will
become collector’s items of a bygone era. But there is much more
information in the world than what is offered by the (book) publish-
ing industry.
There will probably be brick and mortar libraries around for some
time to come, as the older members of the current generation are
accustomed to visiting a library and checking out books. But, as the
younger generation today moves toward retirement, fewer people
will be comforted with a visit to a library. Instead, they will access
all of their information needs via the computer and Internet. I am a
research-intensive individual, yet I find little need to visit a library
anymore. The Internet will become, if it is not already, the world’s
leading source of information, making it a twenty-first century
library in my book (pun intended).
Information is power. Power is survival in a competitive environ-
ment that is increasingly hostile, as the world’s burgeoning
population struggles for fewer and fewer resources. The easy
access to information that a computer and the Internet provide to a
knowledgeable person in the privacy of his or her own home or
office is awesome. But the access is “easy” only if you know how to
find your golden fleece. This book is essentially a road map that
leads you to your search objectives, making access to information
easy for you in the truest sense of the word.

xiii
Preface

I know that everything you read or see on the Internet is not true.
The same can be said for newspapers (recall the New York Times
scandal of June 2003), books, magazines, television, radio, and, in
general, any source of information. With such a vast source of infor-
mation available at our fingertips, the challenge now for each of us
is to wisely use that information to accomplish our objectives. The
scope of this book is not how and what information you use but how
to find any information you need. You must decide how valuable the
information is to you.

xiv
Acknowledgments

Thanks to Jim Hill of Wordware Publishing for the opportunity to

write this book. I owe him an especially grateful acknowledgment
for his patience and professionalism. Thanks to Judy West of
CyberRecruiters.com for tech-checking the manuscript.

xv
This page intentionally left blank.
 Chapter 1

All about Search

Engines
Introduction
Many people today use the Internet to send and receive e-mail,
shop, pay bills, search for lost relatives and ancestors, chat with
kindred spirits in obscure chat rooms, play games, view movies, lis-
ten to music, find partners, search for jobs, search for employees,
research medical issues, find inexpensive hotels and vacation pack-
ages, hunt for collectibles, and do countless other things. One
estimate places the number of daily Internet users at 425 million
people worldwide.
Adjunct to our use of the Internet is our need to find a particular
nugget of information that we require to fulfill some need we have.
Perhaps we want to find out when the War of 1812 was fought or
the length of the Seven Year’s War. Maybe we are looking for that
special person. Or perhaps we search for a long-lost relative. How
about an inexpensive vacation to Orlando? Whatever the reason,
millions of people each day get on their computer and look for
information.

1
2 Chapter 1 / All about Search Engines

According to SearchEngineWatch.com, the three most popular

Internet activities are sending/receiving e-mail (81 percent of
users), searching the web (57 percent of users), and looking for
product info (46 percent of users). (February 17, 2000, “How People
Use the Internet,” SRI — SearchEngineWatch.com)
People are people, and searching for content on the web is a varied
experience for us. The experience can be very gratifying (“Hey
look, I found this thingy that I wanted for half price!”). Or, the expe-
rience can be very frustrating (“I have looked through 10,000
search results/sites and cannot find the thingy that I am looking
for.”). SearchEngineWatch.com reports that we are more frustrated
than gratified. According to SearchEngineWatch.com, 77 percent of
us find searching the Internet frustrating to some extent.
How long do people search for their thingy? Do they really spend
hours or days looking through 10,000 search results to find their
nugget of information? Again, people are people, and it doesn’t
seem likely that they would spend very long looking for their
“acorn.” According to the WebTop Search Rage Study, Americans
typically experience “search rage” if they don’t find what they are
looking for within 12 minutes. (WebTop Search Rage Study, August
2000 — SearchEngineWatch.com)
But how frustrating does everyone else find web searching? Table
1.1 details the results of a SearchEngineWatch.com study.

Table 1.1: Frustration on the web, from SearchEngineWatch.com

5 — Very frustrated 29%

4 17%
3 — Frustrated 31%
2 11%
1 — Not at all frustrated 9%

An amazing 77 percent (31% + 17% + 29% = 77% from Table 1.1)

of us find searching the web an unpleasant experience. Yet, it
doesn’t have to be that way. I never get frustrated searching the
 Chapter 1 / All about Search Engines 3

all about search engines

web, and I always find the information I am looking for within
moments of initiating a search. There is only one instance in ten
years of web use that I could not find what I was looking for — the
names of the three Rockwell International employees assassinated
in Iran in 1976.
Here is a challenge to test your search skills, a kind of before-
and-after test: Can you find the names of the Rockwell employees
with just the scant information I have given? Try searching now and
then search again after you have read this book. Compare your
search results. The comparison will be a good benchmark that will
illustrate how your search skills have improved.
Armed with a little patience and a few tools in your search kit, you
can find anything that you seek within a minute or so and change
your experience from frustrating to exciting and pleasurable. You
must provide the patience, and I will provide the tools. Before we
develop the tools that we need to reduce our search to a pleasant
journey in cyberspace, it is useful to discuss the web and its associ-
ated web pages. Understanding what the web is, how web pages
constitute the web, and what constitutes a web page will lay a foun-
dation upon which we can erect our workshop before stocking it
with the tools necessary to yield that promised pleasant
experience.

What Do We Search For?

Do you want to know what people are searching for? Check out
http://www.wordtracker.com/. Click on the Keyword Report icon
and then fill out the short form for a free weekly trial subscription,
and you will receive the top 500 search words for each week.
4 Chapter 1 / All about Search Engines

Figure 1.1: WordTracker home page

The top ten search topics for December 2002/January 2003 are:

Table 1.2: Top ten search topics

No. Count (#of hits) Keyword

1 180,863 travel
2 167,170 people search
3 159,908 autos
4 134,805 Google
5 123,209 Yahoo
6 118,467 jokes
7 118,129 eBay
8 113,537 hotels
9 109,661 health
10 87,108 Red Cardinal
 Chapter 1 / All about Search Engines 5

. Note:

all about search engines

Check out “Red Cardinal.” No, it is not a bird or a priest! Red
Cardinal is present in the top ten because of the season. In July
2003, it did not even make the top 500 search terms.

The list in Table 1.2 does not agree with the top ten items identi-
fied in a survey conducted by SearchEngineWatch.com, the results
of which are shown in Table 1.3:

Table 1.3

What kind of information do you look for on the Internet?

News 54%
Entertainment 53%
Health 50%
Business 49%
Academic 47%
Shopping 46%
Financial 44%
Career 37%
Sports 32%
Games 26%
Don’t Know/None/No Answer 3%

News, listed as number one in the SearchEngineWatch.com survey,

does not even figure in the top ten in the actual keyword searches,
as reported by WordTracker. The difference in the two lists can be
explained by the nature of people. Surveys tend to be static (people
only remember what they last searched on) and misleading,
whereas keyword search reports tend to be dynamic (recording all
keyword searches) and accurate.
6 Chapter 1 / All about Search Engines

How Much Do We Search?

“On average Americans spend 1.5 hours per week searching for
information.” — WebTop Search Rage Study, August 2000
(SearchEngineWatch.com)
“Americans search the web practically every other day. Nearly 1/3
search once or more per day.” — WebTop Search Rage Study, August
2000 (SearchEngineWatch.com)
In my professions as author, engineer, and businessman, my col-
leagues and I spend much more time searching the web than the
above WebTop Search study suggests. I spend at least one hour per
day searching, and many of my colleagues spend even more time.
On weekends, people spend enormous amounts of time searching
the web, far exceeding any other form of recreation. Cruising the
web has become the nation’s favorite pastime. My apologies to
baseball and sex, but you were both superceded in this category
around 1991 (baseball) and 1995 (sex).

Why Search?
A revolution of global proportions and of great importance occurred
in the past ten years. Perhaps few people noticed at first because
the casualties were at a minimum and the body count was not pro-
jected every night on network TV. Only in the last couple of years
did people start to take notice; by then it was too late. The world
was wired and routed, and we, the consumers, were primed for the
Internet. The consumer battle cry in this revolution was multime-
dia, all of those graphics-rich features available today at the click of
a mouse button. But businesses and governments were also quick
to jump on the Internet bandwagon. The Internet (or rather, access
to the Internet) became in an amazingly short time the most
sought-after commodity in the commercial marketplace.
 Chapter 1 / All about Search Engines 7

all about search engines

Consumers wanted to overdose on all that graphics-rich multime-
dia, businesses wanted to capitalize on new markets and new
revenue streams, and governments wanted to spy on their citizens.
The varied interests of these three groups converged at the inter-
section of “global” and “unification.”
Global unification is the standard under which the current economic
and, to some extent, political revolution is being fought. Prior to
2000, global unification was a practical impossibility. For global uni-
fication to be a realistic possibility, certain things are required: a
global language, a global communications system, and a global
library. English is the global language, modern telecommunications
fulfills the need for a global communications system, and the
Internet/World Wide Web is the global library. The most significant
issue with the global library is that there are no web librarians to
help us locate our nugget of information reposing among the bil-
lions of web pages. While you may walk into a public library and
receive every consideration from the helpful staff, there are few, if
any, helpful staff members in the web library.
Successful people know the usefulness of a public library and how
important it is to be able to find information when they need it.
Now the web has opened up a whole new library “frontier.”
Knowing how to successfully manage (that is, find and retrieve)
information in the web library is important for several reasons. It is
important to the success of careers, it is important to the success of
self-fulfillment, it is important to the success of economies (espe-
cially the global economy), and that makes it important to the
survival of governments.
There is a metaphor that states “Even a blind squirrel finds a nut,
occasionally.” The metaphor’s obvious meaning is that a squirrel
without sight will stumble upon a nut if given sufficient time to
search, assuming it does not give up searching. So it is with users
who search the web. Given sufficient time and determination, we
will eventually stumble upon our “nut” of information.
But few, if any, of us are determined enough to search through mil-
lions, or billions, of pages of information to find our “nut.” So, to
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
[224] 'On my' written here and erased. G.

[225] 'Life from thee' written and erased. G.

[226] 'O put thy trust in God and thankfull bee' written and erased. G.

[227] 'Mee' miswritten. G.

[228] 'Thy' miswritten and corrected in a later hand. G.

[229] = Through the 'vertue' of Thy name, i.e., through Thee. The original is 'And
in Thy name.' G.

[230] 'Become' written and erased. G.

[231] Spelled 'Shawdowes' and corrected. G.

[232] Miswritten 'warr.' G.

[233] 'Judgement' written here and erased. G.

[234] A later hand substitutes another line, 'And while we live, our only guide shall
be.' G.

[235] 'Unto' written and the 'un' erased. G.

[236] The MS. begins here with 'and': but is struck out. G.

[237] I have filled in 'may' as evidently overlooked, and as it is the word of the
prose version: a later hand has written 'will' and another 'for' in the place of 'That.'
G.

[238] The Manuscript thus far is in one handwriting: and since the prefatory Note
to these Psalms was written, I have discovered among the Harleian MSS. a very
remarkable document by Sir John Davies, viz. his "Plea spoken at the Bar of the
House of Lords" on "the King's power to impose Ship-money," (126. B 10-4266)
and it is identically the same holograph with that of these Fifty Psalms, presenting
precisely the same forms and contractions throughout. So that the Scribe of the
one must have been the Scribe of the other: no doubt one of Sir John's
Secretaries or 'men,' as he himself calls them. I shall give above important
historical Paper—which never has been published, or even referred to, so far as I
am aware—in my edition of Davies' Prose Works. Meanwhile I need not point out
how valuable is this additional verification of the Davies authorship of our
Manuscript—that is in so far as the Psalms up to L. are concerned. I stand in
doubt of his authorship of the remainder; but see our Memorial-Introduction on
this.

The Psalms that follow have interposed a half-page and one leaf, blank, and
another leaf, filled with the secular Poems that succeed them: but it was deemed
better to place all the Psalms together. These other Psalms have the same
orthography: but the hand-writing is different and plainer. It will be noticed that
Psalm L. supra, is imperfect, extending only to v. 13. G.

[239] 'Nations' written and erased. G.

[240] 'Wth' written and erased. G.

[241] Noon? G.

[242] Sic. Qu: = departs? G.

[243] Written in the centre of the page XCV. G.

[244] = cease. G.

[245] 'to mankind for' written here and erased: 'doth consist' and its
corresponding rhyme two lines below, 'persist,' written in a later hand. Originally
the former line read 'But God's sweet kindness to mankind for euer,' and to rhyme
with this, the corresponding line ended with 'perseuer.' G.

[246] Scala = ladder. G.

[247] The preceding are in a third handwriting. G.

[248] Miswritten 'drop' in MS. G.

[249] At bottom of this page in the MS. 'Thomas Bakewell' is scribbled twice. G.

[250] Written 'x'ested.

[251] Miswritten 'There is a tale then.' G.

[252] Miswritten 'ye.' G.

[253] Two preceding are apparently in the same handwriting with those before
them. G.

[254] Miswritten 'yr.' G.

[255] Qu: Grains? G.

[256] Miswritten 'strainest' in MS. G.

[257] 'heavenly' written and erased. G.

[258] Spelled here and elsewhere 'yu.' It may be noted here, that throughout
these Poems, as with the Psalms, my rule has been to extend mere contraction-
forms. The few left have a place for philological ends. A kind of flourish at the end
of a number of words, I was disposed to regard as intended to represent 's,' but
instances occur in the MS. to show that it is a mere ornamental addition: and so I
leave it unrepresented. G.

[259] Founthill or Fonthill in Wilts. See Prefatory Note to these hitherto

unpublished MSS. G.

[260] Cf. Harleian MS. lines 'Of Tobacco' in Epigrams pp. 32-35, ante. G.

[261] Miswritten 'Honnour.' G.

[262] Cf. an Epigram 'Of Tobacco,' 36. The first edition thereof in its reading
'Hekens' is an obvious misprint, probably through Davies' ill writing. The reading
here 'Nepen ye Hellens' in the MS. is a scribe's misreading of 'Nepenthe Hellen's'—
he having taken the ending 'the' for the article. Both point to the true reading,
'Nepenthe Helen's drink.' It is impossible that a scholar like Davies could have
supposed 'Nepenthe' to be the drink of the gods, and equally impossible that he
could have thought it drink of the Hellenes. G.

[263] Rheum. G.

[264] The handwriting of the six preceding pieces seems to be the same. G.

[265] = freckled? G.

[266] Miswritten 'with which.' G.

[267] Miswritten 'they.' G.

[268] = more serious. See Vol. I., p. 160, and related Note in Postscript. G.

[269] Sic: not peircinge. G.

[270] From the autograph MS. in All Souls' College, Oxford, MS. 155. W. W. 11, 26,
fol. 72, a and b. The contractions of the MS. have been expanded, but u and v are
reproduced. This full holograph of 'The Kinge's Welcome,' while it supersedes the
short and imperfect copy from Dr. Laing's MS.—as first printed in our F. W. L.
edition—confirms the authorship thereof. The abbreviated copy is also given after
this one, as it is expedient to reproduce the MS. in its integrity. G.

[271] Miswritten 'them.' G.

[272] The allusion is to the storm on her voyage to Scotland in 1590. Cf.
Constable's Sonnet to the King of Scots. See our Memorial-Introduction on these
Lines. G.

[273] The six preceding pieces and the 'Elegiecall Epistle' are in the same
handwriting with the 'Maid's hymne in praise of Virginity.' G.

[274] These two are in a new and apparently less-trained handwriting. G.

[275] This use of 'alas' was common contemporaneously, and especially by the
Puritan divines. G.

[276] I am not quite certain as to this word. It may be 'pust': query from pus =
poisonous matter? and so intended to characterize ambition? G.

[277] A pun on the open mouth of wonder and curiosity. G.

[278] Imitative word, as the 'chirr' of the grasshopper. G.

[279] An unrecorded word. G.

[280] Folk-lore, as in Herrick, &c. G.

[281] = the last milk drawn from a cow in milking: same as strippings. G.

[282] = rennets—a kind of apple? G.

[283] = another kind of apple: see Gerard's Herbal, p. 1459 (1636 edn.) G.

[284] A species of apple like 'rennets.' G.

[285] = apple-johns, as in 1, Henry IV., iii. 3: 2, Henry IV., ii. 4 (bis). G.

[286] Query, a peach? See Gerard, as before, (p. 1447). Perse-boom is given as
the Low-Dutch name of the peach. G.

[287] = Apricot. G.

[288] A Diamond.
[289] = one. G.

[290] A Jewell.

[291] Clymene. G.

[292] Deianeira, daughter of Oeneus. G.

[293] Mother of Romulus. G.

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