MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

XXXXX
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable
for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary
and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English
+ Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022.
Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall
consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.

Q. Sub
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10M

a) Enlist two application of personal communication services. 2M

Ans. Application of personal communication services: 1M each
1. Voice Communication
2. Messaging (Any 2
application)
3. Internet access
4. Location based services
5. Wireless Local Loop
6. Portable low tier systems (PACS)
b) Write IEEE standard for Bluetooth and WiFi. 2M
1M for each
Ans. IEEE standard for Bluetooth is IEEE 802.15.1 correct
IEEE standard for WiFi is IEEE 802.11 standard

c) State two features of 4G technology. 2M

Ans. Features of 4G technology are : 1M each
1. 4G is IP based mobile system.
2. It supports interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, internet and broadband (Any 2
feature)
services.
3. It has better spectrum efficiency.

Page 1 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

4. It supports Ad-hoc and multi hop network.

5. 4G has high speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
6. 4G has global access, service portability and scalable mobile services.
7. 4G has seamless switching and a variety of Quality-of-service driven services.
8. 4G has better scheduling and call admission control techniques.

d) List any two WLL application. 2M

Ans. Application of WLL
1. Local phone services via wireless connection 1M each
2. Cheaper to install than wired lines
3. Very prominent in non-industrialized nations
(Any 2
application)
4. Cordless systems
5. Basic phone service in terrain areas
e) List any two features of MANET. 2M

Ans. 1. Rapidly deployable, self-organized, self-configured, and self-controlled 1M each

infrastructure- less networks
(Any 2
2. Wireless links
3. Every computer or device (node) is a router as well as end host feature)
4. Nodes are mobile, topology can be very dynamic
5. Nodes must be able to relay traffic since communicating nodes might be out of
range
6. Can be a standalone network or it can be connected to external networks
(Internet)
7. Radio communication – shared medium

f) List any two application of UMTS. 2M

Ans. 1. Streaming / Download (Video, Audio) 1M each

2. Videoconferences. (Any 2
3. Fast Internet / Intranet. application)
4. Mobile E-Commerce (M-Commerce)
5. Remote Login
6. Background Class applications
7. Multimedia-Messaging, E-Mail
8. FTP Access
9. Mobile Entertainment (Games)
g) Enlist any two characteristics of WSN. 2M

Page 2 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Ans. 1. Low cost 1M each

2. Wireless communication (Any 2
3. Energy efficient characteristic
4. Communication capabilities )
5. Security and privacy
6. Dynamic network topology
7. Self-organization
8. Multi-Hop communication
9. Application oriented
10. Robust operation

2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Draw the block diagram of the architecture of PCS and explain. 4M

Ans. 2M for
Diagram

Fig. : Architecture of PCS

OR

Page 3 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Fig. : Architecture of PCS

• The PCS Network Architecture is a communication network structure in which

components communicate with one another to establish wireless
communication.

• The PCS Network Architecture is divided into two sections:

1. Wireline Transport Network 2M for
2. Radio Network explanation

1. Wireline Transport Network:

• The Base Station Controller (BSC) in the Radio Network interfaces with the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) in the Wireline Transport Network.
• To provide wireline customers with communication services, MSC connects to the
Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN).
• MSC also communicates with a mobility database, which keeps track of where
moving devices are in the architecture.

2. Radio Network:
• The radio network connects Mobile Stations (MS) and other network components
via a wireless network.
• MS connect with one another via the radio network's Base Stations (BS).
• The radio link protocols are handled by the BS in a radio network during
communication.
• The BSC serves as a link between the radio network's BTS and the Wireline
Transport network's MSC.

Page 4 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

b) Draw GPRS architecture and list logical channel. 4M

Ans. 2M for
Diagram

2M for
logical
channels

(1/2 mark for

each logical
channel, any
4 channels)

Fig. GPRS Architecture

Logical channels in GPRS are named and used in the GPRS network, and are
divided based on their functions. The logical channels are:

1) Packet common control channels

2) Packet random access channel (PRACH)
3) Packet paging channel (PPCH)
4) Packet access grant channel (PAGCH)
5) Packet timing advance control channel (PTCCH)
6) Packet notification channel (PNCH)

c) Describe quality of services in 3G networks. 4M

Ans. 1. Quality of service (QoS) in 3G networks is a key feature that allows different
applications and services to have different levels of reliability, performance Any 4 points
and priority.
(1M for each
2. QoS is based on the concept of bearers, which are logical channels that carry
point)
data between the network and the user equipment (UE).
3. QoS is a key factor that influences the satisfaction and performance of 3G
users. It refers to the network's ability to deliver different types of data with
different levels of priority, reliability, and speed.

Page 5 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

4. QoS uses queuing and scheduling algorithms to manage the order in which
packets are transmitted when network congestion occurs. These algorithms
prioritize and schedule packets according to their assigned classes or priorities.
5. Some examples of QoS requirements for 3G networks include:
I. Interactive video conferencing- The network must be able to deliver these
services to the destination on a timely basis.
II. Streaming video and audio- The bit error rate or packet loss ratio must be
kept below a certain level.
6. Some parameters that can be used to measure QoS quantitatively
include: Packet loss, Jitter, Latency, Bandwidth and Mean opinion score.

d) Compare DSSS and FHSS. (any four points) 4M

Ans Sr.
Characteristics DSSS FHSS Any 4 points
No.
Signal DSSS signal FHSS signal (1M for each
1 Transmission transmission transmission speed is comparison)
Speed speed is high. slow.

The size of the FHSS

Size of DSSS
2 Size of Network network is small to
network is large.
medium.

3 Price More Expensive Less Expensive

Complexity is
4 Complexity Complexity is less.
More.
5 Reliable More reliable Less reliable

FHSS is suitable for

DSSS is suitable
single- point and
6 Communications for point- to-point
multipoint
communications.
communications.

The DSSS signal The FHSS signal

Rate of Signal
7 transmission rate transmission rate is 3
Transmission
is 11 Mbps. Mbps.

Page 6 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M

a) Draw the waveform for data stream 10110010 for following digital modulation
techniques. 4M
i) ASK- Amplitude Shift Keying
ii) BPSK- Bipolar Phase Shift Keying
Ans. 2 M for each
waveform
(ASK &
BPSK)

Note:- Consider BPSK as Binary Phase Shift Keying instead of Bipolar Phase
Shift Keying and check the Binary Phase Shift Keying waveform accordingly
b)
Compare WCDMA and CDMA 2000. (any four points) 4M

Page 7 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Ans. Sr.
Parameters WCDMA CDMA 2000
No. 1M for each
Channel (Any correct
1 5MHz 1.25MHz
Bandwidth 4 points )
2 Chip Rate 3.6864Mcps 1.2288Mcps
Used in 3G Used in 2G Networks.
3 Network
Networks.
Synchronised
4 base station No Yes
required
Spreading
5 Higher Lower
Factor
6 Frame length 10ms 20ms
Power Control
7 1500Hz in both 800Hz in both the links
rate
8 Peak Data rate 2 Mbps 614 kbps
Modes of
9 FDD and TDD FDD
operation
c) Explain the quality of services parameters of GPRS. 4M

Ans. The QoS is a vital feature of GPRS services as there are different QoS support 1M for each
requirements for assorted GPRS applications like real time multimedia, web browsing, point
and e-mail transfer.
GPRS allows defining QoS profiles using the following parameters:
1. Service Precedence
2. Reliability
3. Delay
4. Throughput
These parameters are described below:
1. Service Precedence
The preference given to a service when compared to another service is known as Service
Precedence. This level of priority is classified into three levels called:
• High
• Normal
• Low
When there is network congestion, the packets of low priority are discarded as compared
to high or normal priority packets.

Page 8 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

2. Reliability
This parameter signifies the transmission characteristics required by an application. The
reliability classes are defined which guarantee certain maximum values for the
probability of loss, duplication, mis-sequencing, and corruption of packets.
3. Delay
The delay is defined as the end-to-end transfer time between two communicating
mobile stations or between a mobile station and the GI interface to an external packet
data network.
This includes all delays within the GPRS network, e.g., the delay for request and
assignment of radio resources and the transit delay in the GPRS backbone network.
Transfer delays outside the GPRS network, e.g., in external transit networks, are not
taken into account.
4. Throughput
The throughput specifies the maximum/peak bit rate and the mean bit rate. Using
these QoS classes, QoS profiles can be negotiated between the mobile user and the
network for each session, depending on the QoS demand and the available resources.
d) Draw the architecture of WSN and explain. 4M

Ans. There are 2 types of architecture used in WSN:

i. Layered Network Architecture
Any one
ii. Clustered Network Architecture
Architecture:
2M for
i. Layered Network Architecture:
Layered Network Architecture makes use of a few hundred sensor nodes and a single architecture
diagram,
powerful base station. Network nodes are organized into concentric Layers. It consists
of 5 layers and three cross layers. 2M for
The 5 layers are: Explanation
1. Application - The application layer is liable for traffic management and offers
software for numerous applications that convert the data in a clear form to find
positive information. Sensor networks arranged in numerous applications in different
fields such as agricultural, military, environment, medical, etc.
2. Transport Layer-Layer- The function of the transport layer is to deliver congestion
avoidance and reliability where a lot of protocols intended to offer this function are
either practical on the upstream. These protocols use dissimilar mechanisms for loss
recognition and loss recovery. The transport layer is exactly needed when a system is
planned to contact other networks.
3. Network Layer- The main function of the network layer is routing, it has a lot of
tasks based on the application, but actually, the main tasks are in the power

Page 9 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

conserving, partial memory, buffers, and sensor don’t have a universal ID and have to
be self-organized. The basic idea of the routing protocol is to define a reliable path
and redundant paths.
4. Data Link Layer-Responsible for multiplexing data streams, data frame detection,
MAC, and error control, ensure reliability of Point– point or point– multipoint. Errors
or unreliability comes from.
5. Physical Layer - The physical layer provides an edge for transferring a stream of
bits above the physical medium. This layer is responsible for the selection of
frequency, generation of a carrier frequency, signal detection, Modulation & data
encryption.

Fig.: Wireless Sensor Network Architecture

The three cross layers include the following:
• Power Management Plane
• Mobility Management Plane
• Task Management Plane
These three cross layers are mainly used for controlling the network as
well as to make the sensors function as one in order to enhance the overall
network efficiency.

ii. Clustered Network Architecture:

In Clustered Network Architecture, Sensor Nodes autonomously clubs into groups

called clusters. It is based on the Leach Protocol which makes use of clusters. Leach
Protocol stands for Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy.
Properties of Leach Protocol:
• It is a 2-tier hierarchy clustering architecture.

Page 10 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

• It is a distributed algorithm for organizing the sensor nodes into groups called
clusters.
• The cluster head nodes in each of the autonomously formed clusters create the Time-
division multiple access (TDMA) schedules.
• It makes use of the concept called Data Fusion which makes it energy efficient.

Fig.: Clustered Network Architecture

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M

a) Draw the architecture of UMTS and explain. 4M

Ans. 2M for any

relevant
architecture

2M for
explanation

Fig.: Architecture of UMTS

UMTS system uses the same core network as the GPRS and uses entirely new radio
interface.

Page 11 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

• The new radio network in UMTS is called UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
Network) and is connected to the core network (CN) of GPRS via Iu interface.
• The Iu is the UTRAN interface between the Radio network controller RNC and CN.
The mobile terminal in UMTS is called User Equipment (UE). The UE is connected to
Node-B over high speed Uu (up to 2 Mbps) Interface. The Node-B are the equivalent
of BTS in GSM and typically serve a cell site. Several Node-Bs are controlled by a
single RNCs over the Iub interface.
• The RNCs are connected to CN through Iu interface.
• The packet switched data is transmitted through Iu-PS interface and circuit switched
data is transferred over Iu-CS interface. One of the new interfaces in UTRAN is Iur
interface which connects two RNCs and has no equivalent in GSM system. The Iur
interface facilitates handling of 100 percent of RRM (Radio Resource Management)
and eliminates the burden from CN.
• UMTS also supports GSM mode connections in which case the MS connect to the
CN through Um interface to BSS and BSS connects through A (Gb interface in
GPRS) interface to CN.
b) Explain home agent and foreign agent in mobile IP. 4M

Ans. Mobile IP is a communication protocol (created by extending Internet Protocol, IP)

that allows the users to move from one network to another with the same IP address. It 2M for Any
ensures that the communication will continue without the user’s sessions or relevant
connections being dropped. diagram
&
2M for
explanation

Fig.: Mobile IP with Home Agent and Foreign Agent

OR

Page 12 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Fig.: Mobile IP with Home Agent and Foreign Agent

• The Home Agent − A router on the home network serving as the anchor point
for communication with the mobile node; its tunnel packets from a device on
the Internet, called a correspondent node, to the roaming mobile node.x
• The Foreign Agent − A router that may function as the point of attachment
for the mobile node when it roams to a foreign network delivers packets from
the home agent to the mobile node.

The correspondent node sends the data to the mobile node. Data packets contain the
correspondent node’s address (Source) and home address (Destination). Packets reach
the home agent. But now mobile node is not in the home network, it has moved into
the foreign network. The foreign agent sends the care-of-address to the home agent to
which all the packets should be sent. Now, a tunnel will be established between the
home agent and the foreign agent by the process of tunneling. It is the process of
sending a packet via a tunnel and it is achieved by a mechanism called encapsulation.
Now, the home agent encapsulates the data packets into new packets in which the
source address is the home address and destination is the care-of-address and sends it
through the tunnel to the foreign agent. Foreign agent, on another side of the tunnel,
receives the data packets, decapsulates them, and sends them to the mobile node. The
mobile node in response to the data packets received sends a reply in response to the
foreign agent. The foreign agent directly sends the reply to the correspondent node.

c) Draw the MANET Topology and explain. State two applications of MANET.
4M

Ans. MANETs can function alone or as part of a broader internet. With the inclusion of one 1M for
or more distinct transceivers between nodes, they establish a highly dynamic Topology
Page 13 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

autonomous topology. The fundamental difficulty for the MANET is to equip each Explanation,
device with the necessary information to route traffic correctly. MANETs are peer-to- 1M for
peer, self-forming, self-healing networks that typically connect at radio frequencies Topology
(30MHz-5GHz). Diagram,
• TORA is a routing algorithm and is mainly used in MANETs to enhance scalability 1M each for
TORA is an adaptive routing protocol. It is therefore used in multi-hop networks. Any 2
applications

Fig.: MANET Topology

Applications of MANET-
1. Defence applications: Many defence applications require on the fly
communications set-up, and ad Hoc/sensor networks are excellent candidates
for use in battlefield management.
2. Crisis management applications: These arise, for example, as a result of
natural disasters in which the entire communication infrastructure is in disarray.
Restoring communications quickly is essential.
3. Telemedicine: The paramedic assisting the victim of a traffic accident in a
remote location must access medical records (e.g. X rays) and may need video
conference assistance from a surgeon for an emergency intervention. In fact, the
paramedic may need to instantaneously relay back to the hospital the victim's X-
rays and other diagnostic tests from the site of the accident.
4. Tele- Geoprocessing application: The combination of GPS, GIS
(Geographical Information Systems), and high-capacity wireless mobile

Page 14 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

systems enables a new type of application referred to as tele geoprocessing

WSN.
5. Virtual Navigation: A remote database contains the graphical representation
of building, streets, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. They
may also "virtually" see the internal layout of buildings, including an
emergency rescue plan, or find possible points of interest. For example, A
VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network), is a type of MANET that allows
vehicles to communicate with roadside equipment.

d) Draw the block schematic of WLL architecture and explain. 4M

Ans.

2M for
Block
Diagram
&
2M for
explanation

Fig.: WLL Architecture

The Wireless Local Loop (WLL) architecture replaces traditional copper wires with
wireless links, connecting subscribers to the local central office. It consists of
several components, including the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network),
Switch Function, WANU (Wireless Access Network Unit), and WASU (Wireless
Access Subscriber Unit).
The PSTN serves as a circuit-switched network, while the Switch Function manages
connections between WANUs. The WANU takes care of authentication, operation,
routing, and data transmission, whereas the WASU is installed at the subscriber’s
location. With its cost-effectiveness, enhanced security through digital encryption,
scalability options, and various features like internet access, voice services, data
transfer capabilities, and fax services – WLL proves to be a dependable solution for
telecommunication requirements specifically in remote or rural areas.

WLL components:

Page 15 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

1. PSTN: It is Public Switched Telephone Network which is a circuit switched

network. It is a collection of world’s interconnected circuit switched telephone
networks.
2. Switch Function: Switch Function switches the PSTN among various WANUs.
3. WANU: It is short for Wireless Access Network Unit. It is present at the local
exchange office. All local WASUs are connected to it. Its functions includes:
Authentication, Operation & maintenance, Routing, Transceiver voice and data.
It consists of following sub-components:
• Transceiver: It transmits/receives data.
• WLL Controller: It controls the wireless local loop component with WASU.
• AM: It is short for Access Manager. It is responsible for authentication.
• HLR: It is short for Home Location Register. It stores the details of all local
WASUs.
4. WASU: It is short for Wireless Access Subscriber Units. It is present at the house
of the subscriber. It connects the subscriber to WANU and the power supply for it is
provided locally.

e) State and explain any four features of IOT in mobile computing. 4M

Ans. The most important features of IoT on which it works are connectivity, analyzing,
integrating, artificial intelligence, sensing, active engagement. 1M for each
1. Connectivity: Connectivity refers to establish a proper connection between all feature
the things of IoT to IoT platform- it may be server or cloud. After connecting Explanation
the IoT devices, it needs a high-speed messaging between the devices and (Any 4
cloud to enable reliable, secure and bi-directional communication. features)
2. Analyzing: After connecting all the relevant things, it comes to real-time
analyzing the data collected and use them to build effective business
intelligence. If we have a good insight into data gathered from all these things,
then we call our system has a smart system.
3. Integrating: IoT integrating the various models to improve the user
experience as well.
4. Artificial Intelligence: IoT makes things smart and enhances life through the
use of data. For example, if we have a coffee machine whose beans have going
to end, then the coffee machine itself order the coffee beans of your choice
from the retailer.
5. Sensing: The sensor devices used in IoT technologies detect and measure any
change in the environment and report on their status. IoT technology brings

Page 16 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

passive networks to active networks. Without sensors, there could not hold an
effective or true IoT environment.
6. Active Engagement: IoT makes the connected technology, product, or
services to active engagement between each other.

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12M

a) Draw the waveform for 10110111 in following formats:

6M
i) Unipolar NRZ

ii) Polar RZ

iii) AMI

iv) Manchester

v) Unipolar RZ

vi) Polar NRZ

Page 17 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Ans.
1M for each
coding
format

b) Draw the architecture of GSM and explain the function of each block. 6M

Page 18 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Ans. 2M for any

relevant
Diagram

&

4M for
Explanation

Fig. : GSM System Architecture

OR

Fig. : GSM System Architecture

Explanation:

GSM system architecture consists of 3 subsystems:

1. Radio Subsystem(RSS)
2. Network And Switching Subsystem(NSS)
Page 19 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

3. Operation Subsystem(OSS)

• The BTS and BSC are part of the Base Station Subsystem (BSS).
• Each BSS is made of many BSCs and all BSCs are connected to a single MSC.
• Each BSC has hundreds of BTSs. (Bus Transceiver Stations) connected to it.
These BTSs are controlled by the corresponding BSCs. The BTSs are connected to
BSCs either physically or via microwave links or dedicated leased lines.
• The interface between BTS to BSC is called as Abis interface. This interface
carries the voice data traffic and maintain data.
• The BSCs are connected to MSC (Mobile Switching Center) via dedicated
leased lines or microwave link. This interface is known as the A interface.
• The NSS contains three different databases, called Home Location Register
(HLR), Visitor Location Register (VLR) and Authentication Center (AUC).
• The HLR is a permanent database containing the subscriber information and
location information of each user, staying in the same city/MSC.
• VLR database is used to temporarily store the IMSI and customer information
for each roaming subscriber.
• AUC is the database which is responsible for authentication and handles the
encryption keys for all the subscribers in HLR and VLR. It is used to maintain the
security of the network.
• The OSS supports one or more Operation Maintenance Centers (OMC). The
OMC is used for monitoring and maintaining the performance of each MS, BS,
BSC and MSC used in a GSM system.
• The EIR is the database, which consists of a list of IMEIs of all valid terminals as
well as malfunctioning, stolen, or unauthorized terminals.

c) Draw the architecture of 4G and explain.

6M

Page 20 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Ans. 2M for
Diagram

&

4M for
Explanation

Fig.: 4G Architecture

Note: Any other relevant diagram of 4G architecture should be considered.

Explanation :

4G network is an integration of all heterogeneous wireless access networks such as

Ad-hoc, cellular, hotspot and satellite radio component. Technologies used in 4G are
smart antennas for multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), IPv6, VoIP, OFDM
and Software Defined Radio (SDR) System.

• The 4G(LTE) network consists of:

1. Radio Access Network (RAN)

2. Core network
3. Radio interface

1.Radio Access Network / E-UTRAN :

It consists of an LTE mobile terminal, radio interface and eNodeB.
LTE Mobile Terminals: LTE mobile terminals are the mobile phones and other
devices which supports the LTE.
eNodeB: E-UTRAN Node B or eNodeBs connect the LTE mobile terminal to the core
network via radio interface S1.

2.Core network /Enhanced Packet Core:

The LTE core network is the brain of 4G system. It consists of following entities:
MME- Mobility Management Entity: It is used for Paging, Authentication,
Handover and Selection of Serving Gateway.
Page 21 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

SGW-Serving Gateway: It is used to Routing and Forwarding user data packet.

PDN-GW Packet Data Network Gateway: It is used for User Equipment (UE) IP
allocation.
HSS-Home Subscriber Server: It is a user Database used for service subscriber, user
identification and addressing
PCRF-Policy and Charging Rule Function: It provide quality of service and
charging.

3. Radio Interface: Radio interface are the radio links that connect the LTE mobile
terminals and eNodeB and from eNodeB to various elements of EPC. e.g. s1, SGI, x2,
Uu , S5/S8 , etc.
6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12M

Describe the process of mobile terminated call (incoming call) in GSM with neat
a) 6M
call flow sequence diagram.

Ans. 2M for
Diagram

&

4M for
Description

Fig.: Mobile terminated call in GSM

Note: Any other relevant diagram of mobile terminated call with suitable description
should be considered i.e. call originating from mobile and terminating to mobile

Description :

1. The landline user dials the Mobile Station ISDN of the mobile user i.e. called
party in GSM.
2. The Local Exchange sends the call to the GMSC of the called GSM subscriber.
3. The GMSC searches the HLR for the GSM to obtain the desired routing
number.
Page 22 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

4. The HLR requests the current VLR of the called MS to obtain a MSRN to rout
the call to the correct MSC.
5. The current VLR sends the mobile station roaming number to the HLR.
6. The HLR sends the MSRN to the GMSC.
7. The GMSC transfers the call to the MSC by using the MS roaming number.
8. The MSC enquires about the Location Area Identity (LAI) of the mobile
station subscriber to the VLR.
9. The VLR passes the LAI of the mobile station subscriber to the MSC.
10. The MSC sends a paging message to the subscriber through BSC. The Mobile
Station then sets up the required signaling links.
11. After establishing the signaling links, the BSC informs the MSC about the
same and the call is delivered to the mobile station subscriber.
12. The connection to the calling landline is completed after the answers the call or
terminated on mobile subscriber.
b) Compare 3G and 4G wireless system with respect to
6M
i) Frequency band used

ii) Data rate

iii) Access technique

iv) Switching used

Ans. Sr.N 3G wireless 4G wireless 1.5M for

Parameter
o. system system each
parameter
i) Frequency band used 1.6 – 2.5 GHz 2-8 GHz

ii) Data rate 2 Mbps 50 Mbps

iii) Access Technique CDMA,W-

Wi-Max
CDMA

iv) Switching used Circuit/Packet Packet

c) Draw the block diagram of a sensory node in WSN and state the function of various 6M
components.

Page 23 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

Q. Sub XXXXX
Marking
No Q. Answer
Scheme
. N.

Ans. 2M for
Diagram

&

1M each for
functions of
any 4
components

Fig. : Block diagram of WSN sensory node

The basic components of WSN sensor node are :

1. Controller
2. Memory unit
3. Sensors/actuators
4. Communication unit
5. Power supply

Function of Various Components are:

1. Microcontroller: The controller performs tasks, processes data and controls
the functionality of other components in the sensor node. While the most
common controller is a microcontroller, other alternatives that can be used as a
controller are: a general purpose desktop microprocessor, digital signal
processors, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) and ASICs (Application
Specific Integrated Circuits).
2. Memory unit: Flash memories are used due to their cost and storage capacity.
Memory requirements are very much application dependent.
3. Sensors/Actuators: Sensors are used by wireless sensor nodes to capture data
from their environment. They are hardware devices that produce a measurable
response to a change in a physical condition like temperature or pressure.
Sensors are classified into two categories: Passive and Active sensors.
4. Transceivers: Sensor nodes often make use of ISM band, which gives free
radio, spectrum allocation and global availability. The possible choices of
wireless transmission media are radiofrequency (RF), optical communication
(laser) and infrared.
5. Power source: Two power saving policies used are Dynamic Power
Management (DPM) and Dynamic voltage Scaling (DVS). DPM conserves
power by switching off parts of the sensor node which are not currently in use.
A DVS scheme varies the power levels within the sensor node depending on
the non-deterministic workload.

Page 24 of 25
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Wireless and Mobile Networks Subject Code: 22622

XXXXX

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