The document discusses the regulation of cardiac output, defining it as the quantity of blood pumped by the heart each minute and outlining normal values for different conditions. It emphasizes that cardiac output is primarily controlled by peripheral factors affecting venous return rather than the heart itself, and details the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence cardiac output. Additionally, it covers the roles of preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate in determining cardiac performance.
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The document discusses the regulation of cardiac output, defining it as the quantity of blood pumped by the heart each minute and outlining normal values for different conditions. It emphasizes that cardiac output is primarily controlled by peripheral factors affecting venous return rather than the heart itself, and details the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence cardiac output. Additionally, it covers the roles of preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate in determining cardiac performance.