11

Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 4
HYPERBOLA

i
 Precalculus
MODULE 4:
HYPERBOLA

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at [email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. It is the intersection of a plane and a double-napped cone.

a. locus b. conic section c. circle d. radius

2. A collection of points satisfying a geometric property can also be

referred to as a ______ of points.
a. locus b. conic section c. circle d. radius

3. A ____________ is the set of all points (x, y) in a plane that are

equidistant from a fixed point, called the center.
a. locus b. conic section c. circle d. radius

4. A/n ____________ is the set of all points in the plane that are
equidistant from a fixed point F(called the focus) and a fixed line
l (called the directrix).
a. circle b. ellipse c. parabola d. hyperbola

5. A/n ___________ is the set of all points in the plane the sum of
whose distances from two fixed points F1 and F2 is a constant.
a. circle b. ellipse c. parabola d. hyperbola

6. A/n ____________ is the set of all points in the plane, the difference
of whose distances from two fixed points F 1 and F2 is a constant.
a. circle b. ellipse c. parabola d. hyperbola

7. is an example of a
a. Circle b. parabola c. ellipse d. hyperbola

8. is an example of a
a. Circle b. parabola c. ellipse d. hyperbola

9. is an example of a
a. Circle b. parabola c. ellipse d. hyperbola

10. is an example of a
a. Circle b. parabola c. ellipse d. hyperbola
11. is an example of a
a. Circle b. parabola c. ellipse d. hyperbola

1
12. A hyperbola is the only conic that has
a. asymptotes b. focus c. vertex d. a minor axis

13. has a major axis of length

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

( ) ( )
Use to answer the next 4 questions.

14. The center is at _________?

a. (-3, 2) b. (-3, -2) c. (3, 2) d. (3, -2)

15. The vertices are _________?

a. (0, 2), (-6, 2) b. (-3, 5), (-3, -1) c. (-1, 2), (-5, 2) d. (-3, 4), (-3, 0)

16. The foci are at _________?

a. ( √ ) ( √ ) c. ( √ ) d. ( √ )

17. The length of the major axis is ___________?

a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12

18. The standard form of is

a. b. c. d.

19. The earth’s orbit is an ellipse with the sun at one of the foci. If the farthest
distance of the sun from the earth is 105.5 million km and the nearest
distance of the sun from the earth is 78.25 million km, find the eccentricity
of the ellipse.
a. 0.15 b. 0.25 c. 0.35 d. 0.45

20. will have a minor and major axis with length _____ (In that order)
a. 3, 4 b. 6, 8 c. 9, 16 d. 18, 32

21. Which of the following shows the correct graph of the circle?
2 2
a. x +y =4
2 2
b. y =x + 16
2 2
c. x +y = 16
2 2
d. x +y =1

5
 22. Which graph represents the equation ?

a. c.

b d.

23. What is the focus and vertex of the parabola ( ) ( ) ?

a. Vertex: ( ) , Focus: ( )
b. Vertex: ( ) , Focus: ( )
c. Vertex: ( ) , Focus: ( )
d. Vertex: ( ) , Focus: ( )
24. Find the equation of the parabola with vertex at (5, 4) and focus at (-3, 4).

2 2
a (y-4) = - 32( x - 5 ) c. (y+4) = - 32( x - 5 )
2 2
b (y-4) = 32( x - 5 ) d. (y-4) = 8( x - 5 )
( ) ( )
25. Find the center and foci of the ellipse .
a. center: (5,9) , foci: (5,7),(5,11)
b. center (-5,-9) , foci: (-5,-11), (-5,-7)
c. center: (-5,-9) , foci: (-7,-9), (-3,-9)
d. center: (5,9) , foci: (3,-9), (7,-9)

3
26. Find the center and vertices of the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 - 24x + 72y + 144 = 0
a. center: (-4,3) , vertices: (-7,3), (-1,3)
b. center: (-3,4) , vertices: (-5,4), (-1,4)
c. center: (3,-4) , vertices: (1,-4), (5,-4)
d. center: (3,-4) , vertices: (0,-4), (6,-4)
27. Which of the following shows the correct graphical representation of the ellipse
=1?

a. c.

b. d.

28. Find the center and vertices of the hyperbola 11x2 - 25y2 + 22x + 250y - 889 = 0.
a. center: (1,-5) , vertices: (1,-10), (1,0)
b. center: (-1,5) ,vertices: (-1,0),(-1,10)
c. center: (-1,5) , vertices: (-6,5), (4,5)
d. center: (1,-5) , vertices: (-4,-5), (6,-5)

29. What are the vertices and asymptotes of the hyperbola 9y2 - 16x2 = 144?
a. vertices: (0,-4),(0,4) , asymptote:

b. vertices: (0,-4), (0,4) , asymptote:

c. vertices: (-4,0), (4,0) , asymptote:

d. vertices: (-4,0), (4,0) , asymptote:

30. Find the standard form of the equation of the hyperbola with the given
characteristics, vertices: (0,-6), (0,6) and foci (0,-7), (0,7).

a. =1 c. =1

b, =1 d. =49

4
31. Write the equation of the ellipse that has its center at the origin with focus at (0,
4) and vertex at (0, 7).
a. =1 c. =-1
b. =1 d. =1

2 2
32. What is the graph of the hyperbola 9x  9y = 81?

a. c,

b. d.

33. An arch 20 meters high has the form of parabola with vertical axis. The length of
horizontal beam placed across the arch 9 meters from the top is 60 meters. Find the
width of the arch at the bottom.
a. 44.72 meters b. 45.72 meters c. 89.44 meters d. 90.44 meters

34. A spotlight in a form of a paraboloid 9 inches deep has its focus 3 inches from
the vertex. Determine the radius of the opening of the spotlight.

a. 9.39 inches b. 10.39 inches c. 11. 39 inches d. 12.39 inches

35. A bridge is supported on an elliptical arch of height of 7 meters and width at the
base of 40 meters. A horizontal roadway is 2 meters above the center of the arch.
How far is it above the arch at 8 meters from the center?

a. 0.58 meters b. 1.58 meters c. 2.58 meters d. 3.58 meters

5
 LESSON
The Hyperbola
4

What I Need to Know

Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

 Determine hyperbola and its properties.

 determine the standard form of equation of hyperbola;
 sketch hyperbola given various equations;
 discuss the parts of hyperbola;

What’s In

Just like ellipse, a hyperbola is one of the conic sections that most students
have not encountered formally before. Its graph consists of two unbounded branches
which extend in opposite directions. It is a misconception that each branch is a
parabola. This is not true, as parabolas and hyperbolas have very different features.

Hyperbolas can be used in so-called “trilateration”, or positioning problems. It is

possible to locate the place from which a sound, such as gunfire, emanates. Long
Range Aid to Navigation (LORAN for short) system, of ship or aircraft utilizes
hyperbolas.

Definition and Equation of a Hyperbola

Given two distinct points F1 and F2 in the plane and a fixed distance d, a
hyperbola is the set of all points (x,y) in the plane such that the absolute value of
the difference of each of the distances from F1 and F2 to (x,y) is d. The points F1 and
F2 are called the foci of the hyperbola.

6
 In the figure above: the distance of F1 to (x1,y1) - distance of F2 to (x1,y1) = d
And the distance of F2 to (x2,y2) - distance of F2 to (x2,y2) = d.
Suppose we wish to derive the equation of a hyperbola. For simplicity, we
shall assume that the center is (0, 0), the vertices are (a, 0) and (−a, 0) and the foci
are (c, 0) and (−c, 0). We label the endpoints of the conjugate axis (0, b) and (0, −b).
(Although b does not enter into our derivation, we will have to justify this choice as
you shall see later.) As before, we assume a, b, and c are all positive numbers.
Schematically we have

Since (a, 0) is on the hyperbola, it must satisfy the conditions of hyperbola.

That is, the distance from (−c, 0) to (a, 0) minus the distance from (c, 0) to (a, 0)
must equal the fixed distance d. Since all these points lie on the x-axis, we get

distance from (−c, 0) to (a, 0) − distance from (c, 0) to (a, 0) = d

(a + c) − (c − a) = d

2a = d

In other words, the fixed distance d from the definition of the hyperbola is
actually the length of the transverse axis! (Where have we seen that type of
coincidence before?) Now consider a point (x, y) on the hyperbola. Applying the
definition, we get

distance from (−c, 0) to (x, y) − distance from (c, 0) to (x, y) =2a

x   c 2  y  02  x  c 2  y  02  2a
x  c 2  y 2  x  c 2  y 2  2a

7
 x  c 2  y 2  2a  x  c 2  y 2 , Transpose the second radical to the right
2 2
 x  c  2
 y    2a 
2
x  c  2
 y  , Square both sides of the equation
2
   
x 2  2cx  c 2  y 2  4a 2  4a x 2  2cx  c 2  y 2  x 2  2cx  c 2  y 2 , Cancel like terms
4cx  4a 2  4a x 2  2cx  c 2  y 2 , Combine like terms and divide the Eq. by 4

cx  a 2  a x  c   y 2 , Transpose a 2 to the left side of the Eq.

2

cx  a 
2
  a x  c   y 2  , Square again both sides of the equation
2 2 2

 
 
c 2 x 2  2a 2 cx  a 4  a 2 x 2  2cx  c 2  y 2 , Distribute a 2 to the quantity
c 2 x 2  a 2 x 2  a 2 y 2  a 2 c 2  a 4 , Factor out the common term
c 2
  
 a 2 x 2  a 2 y 2  a 2 c 2  a 2 , Regroup the terms
 
b 2 x 2  a 2 y 2  a 2b 2 ,Replace c 2  a 2 with b 2 since b 2  c 2  a 2
x2 y2
2
 2  1, Divide both sides of the Eq. by a 2b 2
a b

What’s New
Activity 1
You’ll need: Patty paper Ruler Sharpie Compass Colored paper Tape or
glue stick As you do each of the following, be careful not to smudge your work.
For any step that includes the use of a Sharpie, wait about 30 seconds after
marking before you do any folding.
1. Using a Sharpie, draw a point near the center of your wax paper.
2. Label this point 𝑂.
3. Using a pencil and a compass, draw a circle of radius 4 cm†, using the
point you drew in step 1 as the center.
4. Using a Sharpie, draw another point somewhere outside your circle. Where
you put the point will affect the final result. Don’t put your point too close to the
edge of the paper or too close to the circle, or it will be difficult to do the rest of the
activity. Try to arrange it so that everyone in your group has their point at different
distances and in different positions from their circle.
5. Label this point .
6. Fold the paper so that the point lands on the circle (or the circle lands on
).

7
 7. Crease the paper.
8. “Slide” the point along the circle just a little bit so that a different place on the
circle is over the point .
9. Crease again.
10. Keep sliding, folding and creasing the paper so that different places on
the circle land on the point. The closer together your creases are, the more
refined your shape will be.
11. Keep doing this until you have gone all the way around the circle.
12. Unfold your paper. Do you see a definitive shape?
13. Carefully darken the outline of your shape with a Sharpie. You’ve just
drawn a hyperbola!
14. Tape or glue the edges of your patty paper to a piece of colored paper.
15. Write “The Hyperbola” and your name at the top of the colored paper.

What is It

We collect here the features of the graph of a hyperbola with standard equation.

(1) center : origin (0, 0)

(2) foci : F1(−c, 0) and F2(c, 0)
• Each focus is c units away from the center.
For any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value of

8
 the difference of its distances from the foci is 2a.

(3) vertices: V1(−a, 0) and V2(a, 0)

The vertices are points on the hyperbola, collinear with

the center and foci.
• If y = 0, then x = ±a. Each vertex is a units away from the center.
• The segment V1V2 is called the transverse axis. Its length is 2a.

(4) asymptotes: y = b x and y = − b x, the lines ℓ1 and ℓ2 in the figure

The asymptotes of the hyperbola are two lines passing through the center
which serve as a guide in graphing the hyperbola: each branch of the
hyperbola gets closer and closer to the asymptotes, in the direction
towards which the branch extends. (We need the concept of limits from
calculus to explain this.)
• An aid in determining the equations of the asymptotes: in the standard
equation, replace 1 by 0 and in the resulting equation , solve
for y.
• To help us sketch the asymptotes, we point out that the asymptotes ℓ1 and ℓ2
are the extended diagonals of the auxiliary rectangle drawn in Figure 1.45.
This rectangle has sides 2a and 2b with its diagonals intersecting at the
center C. Two sides are congruent and parallel to the transverse axis
V1V2.The other two sides are congruent and parallel to the conjugate axis,
the segment shown which is perpendicular to the transverse axis at the
center, and has length 2b.

9
10
Activity 2

11
11
12
 Example 3

Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the hyperbola
with the given equation. Sketch the graph, and include these points and lines, the
transverse and conjugate axes, and the auxiliary rectangle.
y  2 x  7
2


2

1
1.) 2. ) 4x 2  5y 2  32x  30y  1
25 9
Solution: 1.) From a2 = 25, and b2 = 9, we have a = 5, b = 3, and

c = a2 + b2 = √ . The hyperbola is vertical. To determine

y  22  x  72  0
the asymptotes, we write 25 9 , which is equivalent to
y  2   x  7 .
5
3 We can then solve for y.
F (7,2  34 )  (7,7.8) and F2 (7,2  34 )  (7,3.8)
center: C(7, -2) foci: 1
5 41 5 29
y  x  and y   x 
asymptotes: 3 3 3 3

The conjugate axis drawn has its endpoints b = 3 units to the left and right
of the center.

13
Solution 2.) We first change the given equation to standard form.
 
4 x 2  8 x  5( y 2  6 y )  1
4x 2

 8 x  16  5( y 2  6 y  9)  1  4(16)  5(9)
4( x  4) 2  5( y  3) 2  20
x  42  y  32 1
5 4
We have a  5  2.2 and b = 2. Thus, c  a 2  b 2  3. The hyperbola is horizontal.

To determine the asymptotes, we write

x  42  y  32  0 which is equivalent
5 4
to y - 3  
2
x  4 , and solve for y.
5
center: c(-4,3)

foci: F1(-7,3) and F2(-1,3)


vertices: V1( 4  5,3)   6.2,3 and V2  4  5,3   1.8,3 
2 8 2 8
asymptotes: y  x  3 and y   x 3
5 5 5 5

The conjugate axis drawn has its endpoints b = 2 units above and below
the center.

14
 What’s More

Let us find out if you really understood the concept about hyperbola by
answering these exercises.

A. Reduce each of the following equations of hyperbolas in

standard form.
1.) 4 x 2  y 2  2y  5  0
2.) 36x 2  81y 2  24x  328  0
3.) 49x 2  25y 2  98x  200y  874  0
4.) 28x 2  64y 2  28x  128y  505  0

B. Determine the foci, vertices, and asymptotes of the hyperbola with

x2 y2
equation -  1. Sketch the graph, and include these points and
16 33
lines, the transverse and conjugate axes, and the auxillary rectangle.
For each equation of the hyperbola, find the center, foci, vertices, endpoints of
conjugate axis. Determine the equation of the asymptotes and sketch the graph.

1.)
y  6
2

x  4
2
1 2.) 9 x 2  126x  16y 2  96y  153  0
25 39

What I Have Learned

Let me check your knowledge by filling the blanks with a correct

symbols/letter or terms in order to complete the statement/s.
1. A hyperbola is the set of all points in the plane for which the ________ of the
distances from two fixed points F1 and F2 is constant. The points F1 and F2 are
called the _______ of the hyperbola.

2. The graph of the equation with a>0,b>0 is a hyperbola with vertices

(___,___) and (__,__) and foci( ) where c= ________. So the graph of
15
 is a hyperbola with vertices (___, ___) and (___,___) and foci (___,___)
and (___,___).

3. The graph of the equation with a>0,b>0 is a hyperbola with

vertices (___,___) and (___,___) and foci (0, ), where c= ________. So the
graph of is a hyperbola with vertices (__,__) and (___,__) and foci
(___,___) and (___,___).

4 Label the vertices, foci, and asymptotes on the graphs given for the hyperbola.

a. b.

What I can Do

DISCOVERY DISCUSSION WRITING

1. Light from a Lamp. The light from a lamp forms a lighted area on a wall, as shown in
the figure. Why is the boundary of this lighted area a hyperbola? How can one hold a
flashlight so that its beam forms a hyperbola on the ground?
Online connect! For additional knowledge and information about the topics please visit
the links/url indicated below.

Hyperbola (Part 1) - Conic Sections Class 11 CBSE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEyYaIWIUp0

Hyperbola (Part 2) - Conic Sections Class 11 CBSE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ni0gjU8-Pn4

17
Posttest

1. B 11. D 21. A 31.D

2. A 12. A 22. B 32.C
3. C 13.D 23.D 33.C
4. C 14.A 24.A 34.B
5. B 15.A 25.B 35.C
6. D 16.B 26.D
7. A 17.B 27.A
8. C 18.A 28.C
9. B 19.A 29.A
10. D 20. B 30.B

18
References

Camilon, M.G.,et.al. 2017. Precalculus for Senior High School. Quezon City:
Educational Resources Publication.

Carl Stitz, Ph.D. , Jeff Zeager, Ph.D.,

July 4, 2013 Lakeland Community College Lorain County Community College
Precalculus Corrected Edition

Dan's Pre-algebra Review

November 30, 2012

Fajardo, Ira A., Marquez, Romel L., Ringor, Rebecca S., and Gerardo, Elsa F., PhD.
Analytic Geometry (Worktext) 2003 edition

Khan, Sal. 2001. Intro to Conic Sections. Accessed July 8, 2020.

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/precalculus/x9e81a4f98389efdf:conics/x9
e81a4f98389efdf:conics-intro/v/introduction-to-conic-sections.

Precalculus Philippine Edition

2016 JO-ES Publishing House Inc

Sirug, W. S.,. 2016. Pre-Calculus forSenior High School STEM Specialized Subject.
Manila City: Mindshapers Corporation., Inc.

Stewart, J., et.al. 2010. Prcalculus -Mathematics for Calculus.

Tolentino, M.A.,et.al. 2016. Precalculus Learner's Material. Quezon City.

Vilanueva, T, et.al. 2017. Pre-calculus Analysis and Applications. Valenzuela City:

Tru-Copy Publishing House, Inc.

2010. http://mathispower4u.wordpress.com/. July 22. Accessed 9 2020, July.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auD46ZWZxQo.

2017. http://bit.ly/ProfDaveSubscribe. November 2017. Accessed July 9, 2020.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUvo3GrgWHk.

n.d. Conic Sections. Accessed July 8, 2020. file:///C:/Users/admin/Desktop/conic-

sections.pdf .

Pinoybix.org

19