Heat & Mass Transfer Lab

Experiment No# 6
Objectives:
To determine the combined heat transfer (Qradiation + Qconvection) from a horizontal cylinder in forced
convection over a wide range of power inputs.

Apparatus Description:
 TXC-CC Heat Transfer Accessory.
 TSTCC Service Unit with Computer.
The equipment is divided into two parts: the forced or free convection unit and the radiation unit.
The forced or free convection part carries out the following functions:
 Create the flux of necessary air and face it towards the cylinder.
 Measurement of the air flow.
 Measurement of inlet and outlet air temperatures.

Introduction:
When a surface with a temperature higher than that of the surrounding fluid is exposed to forced
fluid flow, such as air propelled by a fan or liquid circulated by a pump, heat transfer from the
surface to the fluid is accelerated. This enhanced heat transfer is predominantly governed by forced
convection,
In case of forced convection the Nusselt number (Nu) depends on the Reynolds number (Re),
Prandtl number (Pr) and the heat transfer correlation can be expressed in the form:
Nu = f ( Re , Pr )

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The following theoretical analysis uses an empirical relationship for the heat transfer due to forced
convection.
If
Ts = surface temperature of cylinder (K)
D = Diameter of cylinder (m)
L = Heated Length of cylinder (m)
Ta = Ambient Temperature of air (K)
Heat Transfer Area (surface area) As = (πDL)
(𝑚2) Heat loss due to forced
Convection Qc = HcmAs(Ts-Ta) (W)
Heat loss due to radiation Qr = HrmAs(Ts-Ta) (W)
Total Heat Loss from the cylinder Qtotal = Qc+Qr (W)
The average heat transfer coefficient for radiation H rm can be calculated using the following

𝑇𝑠4 −
relationship:

𝐻𝑟𝑚 = 𝑇𝑎4
]
𝜎𝜉𝐹 [ 𝑇 𝑠 − 𝑇 𝑎

σ = 5.67×10−8 W𝑚−2𝐾−4
Where,
(Stephen Boltzmann
constant) ξ = Emissivity of surface
F = 1 (View Factor)
The average heat transfer coefficient for forced convection Hcm can be calculated using the

𝑘. 𝑁𝑢.
following relationship:

𝐻𝑐𝑚 = (Wm−2K−1)
𝐷

Prandtl number (Pr)

Where
is kinematic viscosity (see table of dry air properties)
Cp is calorific capacity (see table of dry air properties)
k is air conductivity coefficient (see table of dry air properties)
Reynolds number (ReD)

Where:
is density (see table of dry air
properties) v is air velocity (m/s)

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Q is flow rate of air in l/min or D is dia of cylinder

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Table 1:
ReD C m
0.4-4 0.989 0.330
4-40 0.911 0.385
40 - 4000 0.683 0.466
4000 - 40000 0.193 0.618
40000 - 400000 0.027 0.805

Table 2:
T (ºC) Cp (kg/m3) x 106 V x 106 k x 103 Pr
(kJ/kgºC) (kg m/s) (m2/s) (W/m ºC)
0 1.0057 1.2923 17.20 13.31 24.08 0.718
10 1.0058 1.2467 17.69 14.19 24.87 0.716
20 1.0061 1.2042 18.17 15.09 25.64 0.713
30 1.0064 1.1644 18.65 16.01 26.01 0.712
40 1.0068 1.1273 19.11 16.96 27.10 0.710
50 1.0074 1.0924 19.57 17.92 27.81 0.709
60 1.0080 1.0596 20.03 18.90 28.52 0.708
70 1.0087 1.0287 20.47 19.90 29.22 0.707
80 1.0095 0.9996 20.92 20.92 29.91 0.706
90 1.0130 0.9721 21.35 21.96 30.59 0.705
100 1.0113 0.9460 21.78 23.02 31.27 0.704
110 1.0123 0.9213 22.20 24.10 31.94 0.704
120 1.0134 0.8979 22.62 25.19 32.61 0.703
130 1.0146 0.8756 23.03 26.31 33.28 0.702
140 1.0159 0.8544 23.44 27.44 33.94 0.702
150 1.0172 0.8342 23.84 28.58 34.59 0.701

Procedure:

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Observation & Calculations

(W𝑚−2𝐾
Emissivity of surface ξ = 0.95
Stefen Boltzman constant σ = 5.67×10−8 −4
)

Sr Heater T1 T2 Flow rate Hcm Hrm Qc Qr Qout = Qc + Qr

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