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15_Templates_Pgms

The document explains the concept of templates in C++, which allow the creation of functions and classes with generic data types. It covers function templates, class templates, and the ability to overload function templates, providing examples for each. Additionally, it discusses the instantiation of templates and the use of multiple template arguments.

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2 views

15_Templates_Pgms

The document explains the concept of templates in C++, which allow the creation of functions and classes with generic data types. It covers function templates, class templates, and the ability to overload function templates, providing examples for each. Additionally, it discusses the instantiation of templates and the use of multiple template arguments.

Uploaded by

hehetyping
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Templates

Introduction
Template is one of the new features of C++. It enables the calling of only one
function with generic interface but different types associated with the call.
Templates help in enclosing a class or a function in another canvas called
template. The purpose is to define a class or function with generic data types. Then
the defined generic type can be substituted with specific types such as int, float,
double or char during actual use.
A template can be considered as a kind of macro.

Function Template
To create a function template, we have to enclose the function in a template
and declaring a generic data type, which can be called by any name such as T.

template <typename T>


void add(T a, T b)
{
T c;
c=a+b;
cout<<"\nThe sum is "<<c;
}

The entire piece of code is called a function template. T is a generic data type.
The template function is one, which has parameterized at least one of the data types of
the arguments. Some compiler will only allow class in place of typename as given
below:

template <class T>

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>


void add(T a, T b)
{
T c;
c=a+b;
cout<<"\nThe sum is "<<c;
}

int main()
{
add(3,4);
add(7.0f,2.0f);
add(3.6,7.3);
}

M.Anand 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>


T add(T a, T b)
{
T c;
c=a+b;
return(c);
}
int main()
{
cout<<add(3,4)<<endl;
cout<<add(7.0f,2.0f)<<endl;
cout<<add(3.6,7.3)<<endl;
}

Function Template instantiation


The template arguments provide place holders for the data types. A function
is instantiated through a function call. Instantiation is substituting the formal
parameters with the actual data types. The C++ compiler instantiates a function with
one particular data type when the function is called for the first time. The compiler
instantiates the function once per data type.
The template is defined with a parameter and substituted with the specified
data type at the time of actual use. Hence, the templates are also called parameterized
function when it refers to a function and as parameterized class when a template refers
to a class.

Function template overloading


The function template can also be overloaded as function overloading. This
means that we can have a number of function templates with the same name having a
different set of arguments. We can also combine ordinary functions with the same
name with overloaded function templates.

M.Anand 2
Class Template
The purpose of the class template is to create a family of classes with varying
types of data members.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>


class Account
{
int no;
T bal;
public:
void setData(int n,T b)
{
no=n;
bal=b;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\nAccount No.: "<<no;
cout<<"\nBalance : "<<bal;
}
};
int main()
{
Account <int> a1;
a1.setData(1001,5000);
Account <double> a2;
a2.setData(1002,3000.50);
a1.display();
a2.display();
}

Template for member functions


To avoid inline functions

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>


class Account
{
int no;
T bal;
public:
void setData(int n,T b);
void display();
};

M.Anand 3
template <typename T>
void Account <T> ::setData(int n,T b)
{
no=n;
bal=b;
}
template<typename T>
void Account <T>::display()
{
cout<<"\nAccount No.: "<<no;
cout<<"\nBalance : "<<bal;
}
int main()
{
Account <int> a1;
a1.setData(1003,3000);
Account <double> a2;
a2.setData(1004,5000.50);
a1.display();
a2.display();
}

Multiple Arguments

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T1,typename T2>


T2 add(T1 a, T2 b)
{
T2 c;
c=a+b;
return(c);
}
int main()
{
cout<<add(3,4.7)<<endl;
cout<<add(7.0f,2)<<endl;
cout<<add(3.6,7.3)<<endl;
}

M.Anand 4
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T,int size>


class arr
{
T a[size];
public:
void getData()
{
cout<<"Enter the elements\n";
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cin>>a[i];
}
}
void display()
{
cout<<"The array elements are\n";
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<a[i]<<"\n";
}
}
};

int main()
{
arr<int,5> a1;
a1.getData();
a1.display();
}

M.Anand 5

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