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BMS statistics assignments.rtf(1)

This document is a statistics assignment submitted to Dr. Bushra Naheed by several students, detailing the four scales of measurement in statistics: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Each scale is defined with its characteristics and examples, highlighting how they categorize and quantify data. The assignment concludes with a thank you note.

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2 views

BMS statistics assignments.rtf(1)

This document is a statistics assignment submitted to Dr. Bushra Naheed by several students, detailing the four scales of measurement in statistics: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Each scale is defined with its characteristics and examples, highlighting how they categorize and quantify data. The assignment concludes with a thank you note.

Uploaded by

alishahzadhassan08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS ASSIGNMENT

Submitted To : Dr Bushra Naheed

Submitted By :

1: Bilal Mustafa Shah 49


2: Ali Shahzad 29
4: Muhammad Sajad 35
5: Qaim Raza 23
6: Kaleem Ullah 25
7: Ali Haider 9

SCALES OF
MEASUREMENT

In Statistics, the variables or numbers are defined and


categorised using different scales of measurements. Each level
of measurement scale has specific properties that determine the
various use of statistical analysis. In this article, we will learn four
types of scales such as nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scale.

What is the Scale?


A scale is a device or an object used to measure or quantify any
event or another object.

There are four different scales of measurement. The data can be


defined as being one of the four scales. The four
types of scales are:

* Nominal Scale

* Ordinal Scale

* Interval Scale

* Ratio Scale

Nominal Scale:

A nominal scale is the 1st level of measurement scale in which the


numbers serve as “tags” or “labels” to classify or identify the objects. A
nominal scale usually deals with the non-numeric variables or the numbers
that do not have any value.

Characteristics of Nominal Scale:

A nominal scale variable is classified into two or more categories. In this


measurement mechanism, the answer should fall into either of the classes.
It is qualitative. The numbers are used here to identify the objects.
The numbers don’t define the object characteristics. The only permissible
aspect of numbers in the nominal scale is “counting.”
Example :

An example of a nominal scale measurement is given below:

What is your gender?


M- Male
F- Female
Here, the variables are used as tags, and the answer to this question
should be either M or F.

Ordinal Scale:

The ordinal scale is the 2nd level of measurement that reports the ordering
and ranking of data without establishing the degree of variation between
them. Ordinal represents the “order.” Ordinal data is known as qualitative
data or categorical data. It can be grouped, named and also ranked.

Characteristics of the Ordinal Scale:

The ordinal scale shows the relative ranking of the variables


It identifies and describes the magnitude of a variable
Along with the information provided by the nominal scale, ordinal scales
give the rankings of those variables
The interval properties are not known
The surveyors can quickly analyse the degree of agreement concerning the
identified order of variables.

Example:

* Ranking of school students – 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.


* Ratings in restaurants
* Evaluating the frequency of occurrences
* Very often
* Often
* Not often
* Not at all
Assessing the degree of agreement
* Totally agree
* Agree
* Neutral
* Disagree
* Totally disagree

Interval Scale:

The interval scale is the 3rd level of measurement scale. It is defined as a


quantitative measurement scale in which the difference between the two
variables is meaningful. In other words, the variables are measured in an
exact manner, not as in a relative way in which the presence of zero is
arbitrary.

Characteristics of Interval Scale:

* The interval scale is quantitative as it can quantify the difference between


the values
* It allows calculating the mean and median of the variables
* To understand the difference between the variables, you can subtract the
values between the variables
* The interval scale is the preferred scale in Statistics as it helps to assign
any numerical values to arbitrary assessment such as feelings, calendar
types, etc.
Example:
* Likert Scale

* Net Promoter Score (NPS)

* Bipolar Matrix Table

Ratio Scale:

The ratio scale is the 4th level of measurement scale, which is quantitative.
It is a type of variable measurement scale. It allows researchers to
compare the differences or intervals. The ratio scale has a unique feature.
It possesses the character of the origin or zero points.

Characteristics of Ratio Scale:

* Ratio scale has a feature of absolute zero

* It doesn’t have negative numbers, because of its zero-point feature

* It affords unique opportunities for statistical analysis. The variables can be


orderly added, subtracted, multiplied, divided. Mean, median, and mode
can be calculated using the ratio scale.

* Ratio scale has unique and useful properties. One such feature is that it
allows unit conversions like kilogram – calories, gram – calories, etc.

Example:

An example of a ratio scale is:

What is your weight in Kgs?

* Less than 55 kgs

* 55 – 75 kgs
* 76 – 85 kgs

* 86 – 95 kgs

More than 95 kgs

THANK YOU SOO MUCH .......

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