Propelling the transformation

0
2023.3.2

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
C u s t o m e r - d r i v e n Va l u e C r e a t i o n

FOR FULL SCENARIO

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
T h e W o r l d L e a d i n g S o l a r Te c h n o l o g y C o m p a n y

7.4MW
Solar + Transportation
LONGi Solar @ 2022 Pujiang Town Metro Terminal, Shanghai, China
 Propelling the transformation
About LONGi
Founded in 2000, LONGi is committed to being the world’s leading solar technology
Y2021 Operating Income Y2021 Net Profit Y2021 R&D Investment
company, focusing on customer-driven value creation for full scenario energy
$12.694B $1.425B $689M transformation.

Under its mission of ''Utilizing Solar Energy, Building a Green World'' and brand philosophy
of ''Steadfast and Reliable, Technology Leadership'', LONGi has dedicated itself to
1H Y2022 Operating Income 1H Y2022 Net Profit 1H Y2022 R&D Investment
technology innovation and established five business sectors, covering mono silicon wafers,
$7.512B $966M $547M mono cell and modules, commercial & industrial distributed solar solutions, green energy
solutions and hydrogen equipment. The company has honed its capabilities to provide
green energy and has, more recently, also embraced green hydrogen products and
solutions to support global zero carbon development.

2000 50000+ 30+ 30

Foundation Global Employees Global Network Manufacturing Bases

SOURCE: 2021 Annual Report & 2022 Interim Report 2

NOTE: The current exchange rate conversion method is not unified, this table is based on the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period.
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Milestones of LONGi
Each milestone has become a key force to promote the development of the industry

The beginning Technological revolution Industrial upgrading Energy transformation Solar for solar, Solar for all
The era of semiconductor The era of technological The era of promoting monocrystalline The era of utilizing solar Everyone should be able to
technology accumulation revolution in the monocrystalline back to the mainstream technology to change the earth benefit from clean energy
silicon wafers

2000 2012 2015 2019 2021 2022

LONGi was established A-share market listing Entered solar cell and module market Certified the low carbon footprint by LONGi established the Hydrogen BU LONGi introduced the Hi-MO 6, its first
World’s No.1 in shipment of CERTISOLIS module designed exclusively for the
2005 2014 monocrystalline module Set another standard for ultra high efficiency LONGi Lifecycle Quality global distributed consumer market.
Formation of annual production World’s No.1 in production of module ￮ Product lifecycle quality management ￮ LONGi's high-efficiency HPBC cell technology

capacity of 30 tons silicon ingot monocrystalline silicon wafer 2018 ￮ M6 Silicon Wafer Standard
￮ RCz Ingot pulling The world's most valuable PV manufacturer
￮ Diamond Wire Slicing Technology 2020
￮ PERC Trend
￮ M1/M2 Silicon standard
￮ LIR Technology Set a brand new industry standard
￮ Bifacial Technology ￮ M10 Silicon Wafer Standard

3
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The World Leading Mono Silicon Wafer Manufacturer
LONGi Headquarter
Xi’an Factory
LONGi took the industry lead in standardizing R&D Center
wafer size and achieving 100% diamond
wire cutting of mono silicon wafer.

Yinchuan Crystal Pulling/Cutting Factory

Zhongning Crystal Pulling Factory

Wuxi Crystal Cutting Factory

Lijiang Mono Crystal Factory

Chuxiong Crystal Cutting Factory
Baoshan Mono Crystal Factory

Wafer Shipment Wafer Planned Capacity

(2021) （2022）

Kuching Factory, Malaysia

4
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Leading Capacity and Shipment
Domestic Factory
Xi’an, Shaanxi

In 2021, LONGi became the 1st solar Wuxi/Taizhou, Jiangsu

Quzhou / Jiaxing, Zhejiang
technology company to ship more than Chuzhou, Anhui
Datong, Shanxi

30GW of modules in one year.

Germany Office
Gonghe, Qinghai
Yinchuan / zhongning, Ningxia
Lijiang / Baoshan / Qujing / Chuxiong / Tengchong, Yunnan

Frankfurt, Germany Rotterdam, Netherland

Carson City, US

Tracy, US Japan Office

New Jersey, USA Spain Office Headquarters
US Office Madrid, Spain Xi’an, China Tokyo, Japan
Hakata, Japan
San Ramon, US
UAE Office
Dubai, UAE Marketing & Sales Center
Shanghai, China
India Office
New Delhi, India
Vietnam Manufacturing Base
Bắc Giang,Vietnam

Malaysia Manufacturing Base

Module Shipment LONGi Module Kuching, Malaysia

(2021) Planned Capacity

Brazil Office
（2022） São Paulo, Brazil

Australia Office
Sydney, Australia

Office Manufacturing Base Warehouses

5
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
We Embrace Innovations with Our Global Customers

150+ 5000+
Global Footprint Global Customers

*Sort in alphabetical order

6
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Leading Financial Health
Over a number of years, LONGi has consistently maintained an industry leading ability to mitigate risk and adapt to market changes and, as part
of operations, the company prioritizes corporate financial health and stability, with its asset-liability ratio at a low level compared to other global PV
manufacturers.

Altman-Z scores of quoted pureplay solar manufacturers companies,

latest quarter as of November 2022

Excellent
Excellent Altman-Z Scores
TIER 1 Among Selected Pure-play
Asia Americas

High Altman-Z Scores of Manufacturers 6,50 6,30

6,20
5,70
Selected Pure-play Tier 1 Module 4,80
Manufacturer Manufacturer In BNEF’s Global PV Market Outlook report, 4,30 4,30 4,10
3,70 3,70
3,30 3,20 3,10
LONGi has an Altman-Z score of 4.1. 2,90
2,60 2,60
2,20 2,20 2,20 2,20 2,10
1,80
1,40 1,40
1,10 0,90 0,90
With the continuous strengthening of the 0,50

company’s technology research and

Tianjin Zhonghuan

Hansol Technics
Array Tech
Wuxi Shangji Automation Co Ltd

Motech
Xinyi Solar

Tongwei

Arctech Solar

Changzhou Almaden

Trina Solar
Shanghai Aiko
Jiangsu Zongyi

DAQO

Flat Glass Group

Hyundai Energy

Jinko Solar Co Ltd

Risen

Canadian Solar

Eging

Akcome

GCL System
First Solar

Tainergy
JA Solar

S-Engergy
UREC

SMIC
development levels, LONGi has demonstrated

100% AAA
highly effective risk control and long-term
sustainable development ability.

100% Bankable PV Module

PV Module Brand Bankability Rating
SOURCE: BloombergNEF

7
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
100% Bankable PV Module Brand

Top 10 PV Module companies that most respondents considered bankable

LONGi has been rated ‘100% bankable’ in BloombergNEF’s survey of
in BNEF's 2022 bankability survey results
PV Module & Inverter Bankability, underlining it’s capability in assisting
project developers to secure access to financing from banks in order to Bankable Not bankable Never heard of
bring a consistent, steady return on investment for global clients.
** 100%

Canadia Solar 100%

Trina Solar ** 100%

JA Solar ** 96% 4%

Jinko Solar ** 93% 4% 3%

First Solar ** 86% 7% 7%

Chint / Astronergy ** 82% 11% 7%

Risen Energy ** 82% 11% 7%

Hanwha Q CELLS ** 79% 21%

Maxeon / SunPower ** 79% 4% 18%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Source: BloombergNEF. Note: ** indicates top performers in PVEL's 2022 PV Scorecard.

8
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
'AAA' PV Module Tech Bankability Rating

PV ModuleTech Bankability Ratings Quarterly | Q4’22 Release

LONGi SOLAR
TRINA SOLAR, JA SOLAR
Based on comprehensive evaluation of module manufacturers’ financial strength,
product technology and production/supply capacity, has identified LONGi as AAA rated
manufacturer.

PV-Tech is the most influential and professional PV media authority. The PV

ModuleTech rating report is based on the evaluation system of PV market research team,
which takes into account the manufacturing capability and financial health of the
enterprises to determine the investment risk of all PV module manufacturers. It is one of
the authoritative analysis tools in the industry.

Bankability (B) Manufacturing (M) Shipment (S)

Financial Health (F) Capacity (C)

Technology (T)
©Solar Media Ltd., 2022
Source: PV ModuleTech Bankability Quarterly Report Q4 2022

9
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Innovation
The Benchmark For The Entire Industry

Diamond Wire Cutting Technology Mono Technology

MONO
Saves the PV industry over 3 billion yuan each year The industry trend has undergone significant change, with
monocrystalline now dominating with a market share of 90%

Mono PERC Technology Bifacial Technology

PERC
Lower the first year degradation Promoted mono PERC technology, broadened more
application fields

M6 Wafer Standard M10 Wafer Standard

M6 M10
Led the industry into the 450W+ high power era Led the industry into the era of the 182mm
module and standards

High-efficiency HPBC cell technology Lifecycle Quality Management

N
Promote new technological revolution, Multiple assurances in innovation, management
meeting the diverse needs of customers and customer values

10
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Stability and Reliability
Utilizing Solar Energy Powering into Green World
Persisting in Innovation and Value Creation

11
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
At 26.81%, LONGi sets a new world record efficiency for
silicon solar cells

According to the latest certification report of Institut für Solarenergieforschung in Hameln

(ISFH), China’s solar giant LONGi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd. has set a new world
record efficiency at 26.81% for its HJT silicon solar cells on full-size silicon wafers through
mass production.

This is the first time in the history ofphotovoltaic industrythat a Chinese solar technology
company has set the world record for silicon solar cell efficiency.

12
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The Third-party Evaluation of Product Quality & Performance

Efficiency Records and Awards

LONGi HJT silicon solar cell Efficiency

( November, 2022 ) Ranked first in TÜV Rheinland TOP PERFORMER
Power generation simulation: 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022 in PV Module Reliability Scorecard
Outdoor empirical: 2019, 2020, 2021 2017-2022

LONGi P-type HJT Solar Cell Efficency

( December, 2022 )
LONGi HJT Solar Cell Efficiency
( June, 2022 )

HIGH ACHIEVER Highest Power Generation

LONGi Indium-free HJT in PV Module Index PV Magazine Test
Solar Cell Efficiency 2019, 2020, 2021 Since June 2018
LONGi N-type TOPCon ( December, 2022 )
Solar Cell Efficiency
( June, 2021 )

LONGi P-type TOPCon

LONGi P-type PERC Solar Cell Efficiency
( July, 2021 )
Solar Cell Front Efficiency
( January, 2019 )

13
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The Third-party Evaluation of Product Quality & Performance

TÜV Rheinland All Quality Matters

2017, 2018, 2021, 2022 | Energy Yield Simulation Winner (Mono Group)
• TÜV Rheinland randomly selected solar modules to Panfile
• Simulation power generation in 5 regions

Low light power Power temperature Incident Angle effect

generation coefficient
performance

2019, 2020, 2021 |"PV Module Outdoor Power Generation“ Winner

• TÜV Rheinland randomly selected solar modules to test power generation in one year
• In 2019, mono-facial modules won awards based on results from Cologne, Germany
• In 2020, both mono-facial and bifacial groups won awards based on results from Arizona
• In 2021, LONGi achieved PV Module Energy Yield Simulation (Bifacial monocrystalline Group),
PV Module Outdoor Energy Yield (Monofacial Group)

14
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The Third-party Evaluation of Product Quality & Performance

RETC High Achiever for 4 years

◦ DH2000 Test
◦ DML Test
Reliability
◦ PID-Free
◦ TC

Reliability
LONGi is recognized as a 2022 Top Performer, gaining the High Achiever status Indicators
in RETC (Renewable Energy Test Center)'s PV Module Index Report for the
fourth consecutive year.

In RETC’s "Photovoltaic Module Index Report” (PVMI) for 2020, LONGi’s results Highest
in the three key indicators of reliability, performance and quality identified it as Achiever Quality
Performance
only company to achieve an award. LONGi also became the only manufacturer to
perform well in all 8 individual tests, underlining the high reliability and excellent ◦ Module Efficiency Performance Quality ◦ Thresher Test
performance of its modules. Indicators Indicators （HF30，TC600，DH2000，
◦ PTC-to-STC Ratio DML，UVSoak）

◦ PAN File ◦ Hail Test

◦ LID Test

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The Third-party Evaluation of Product Quality & Performance

Top Performer in PVEL’s PV Module

Reliability Scorecard 6 Times

PVEL's PV Module Reliability Scorecard provides the industry with an important reference
vis-a-vis long-term reliability and performance data. The 2022 PVEL Product Qualification
Program (PQP) test comprised of six elements, including 600 cycles thermal cycling,
Thermal Cycling SML + DML + TC + HF
2,000 hours of damp heat, mechanical stress sequencing, 192 hours of potential-induced
degradation, LID+LeTID and Panfile (representing power generation capability).

In 2022, LONGi's models was named a Top Performer in all six testing categories.

Damp Heat LID / LeTID

PID Test PAN Performance

16
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The Third-party Evaluation of Product Quality & Performance

Excellent Performance in Energy Yield Test Conducted by pv magazine

Monthly Power Generation 2018.11~2021.01(Wh/Wp)

■ Mono biPERC ■ N-PERT ■ Mono PERC ■ Mono ■ Multi ■ Multi MWT
75 80 85 90 95 100

LONGi LR6-60BP-300M

A/310Wp

B/285Wp
• Organized by the German-based pv magazine Group, in cooperation
with CEA in the United States and GSolar in China, sampled by CEA. LONGi LR6-60PE-310M

• LONGi modules were ranked top in the outdoor category. Sample 2

G/280Wp

C/275Wp

A/310Wp

E/280Wp

F/270Wp

D/300Wp

G/265Wp

17
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The Third-party Evaluation of Product Quality & Performance

The Only Module Manufacturer

Achieving ‘2021 Intersolar Award’

Intersolar Award
The annual Intersolar award is arguably the most authoritative solar photovoltaic award in Europe,
based on only the most innovative and disruptive products and technologies in the industry over
the year. In terms of impact and price assessment, the winners are all innovators, leading the
development of the photovoltaic industry.

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
The Third-party Evaluation of Product Quality & Performance

PVEL Bifacial Module Outdoor Test

• PVEL laboratory, which is in Davis, California, studied LONGi Bifacial Module PVEL Outdoor Test Result(Average daily power generation Wh/kWp)
the reliability and power generation of bifacial modules
of different manufacturers, and found that the products Grass Monofacial Yield White Monofacial Yield Grass Bifacial Yield
of different manufacturers are significantly different. White Bifacial Yield Grass Bifacial Gain White Bifacial Gain
6 18%
• In fact, it shows that the power generation gain of
LONGi bifacial modules is obviously better than others. 5 15%

4 12%

3 9%

2 6%

1 3%

0 0%
10/2019 11/2019 12/2019 1/2020 2/2020 3/2020

Manufacturer A B C D

Grass-Reflectivity 21% 5.57% 6.57% 7.23% 7.46%

White-Reflectivity 45% 8.28% 8.78% 10.73% 11.44%

Source：Bifacial bake-off: comparing ttchnologies and manufactures, July 2020

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Lifecycle Quality Runs Through Every Product Stage

Multi-dimensional Design LONGiCare Customer Service

1 6
Leading industry standard
Lean quality management
Realize customer benefits

Stringent Material Introduction Value-Added Product Experience

2 5

3 4

Authoritative Certification Lean Manufacturing

20
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Professional Reliability Assessment Methods
Based on the research results of well-known research units and third-party institutions in the industry, LONGi has established a
variety of differentiated reliability testing methods to evaluate product and material reliability more quickly and effectively.

Full-Scenario Reliability
Highly Accelerated Thermal Cycling
Diverse Climate

(HATC) DH +UV Aging TC + UV Aging

conditions

Cold conditioning + Dry heat + HF

Performance at Low Irradiance sequence test UV + TC + HF sequence test

Salt Mist
LeTID PID Ammonia Corrosion
……
Low-temperature Mechanical
Hail Test Load Performance Wind Tunnel Thresher Test Fire Resistance Test
Catastrophic
Conditions

Enlarge the hailstone to 35mm Apply low temperature and static Subjected to a maximum wind LONGi modules can pass the
during hail test, mechanical load to modules speed of 60m/s (~17 magnitude highest fire resistance test
Verify the module reliability in simultaneously. Accurately verify the hurricane) for Module design and (Italy UNI 9177 Class1)
extreme weather. product reliability installation validate.

21
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Standardized BOM

Glass Junction Box

Standardized BOM
On the basis of product standardization, LONGi is committed to the standardization of Ribbon Frame
materials. Materials meeting the high standard LONGi requirements are unified as
LONGi brand, which further improve the consistency of manufacturing process and
product quality.
LONGi Standardized
BOM

Cell Back Sheet

EVA

22
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Rigorous Material Selection
Reliability is the prerequisite for LONGi's product development. LONGi will not compromise on quality standards in order to
increase power or reduce costs.

Third Fluororesin
etc.

Second Fluorinated film

/PET/Glue
etc.

Backsheet
First /EVA/PO/Glass/JB
etc.

Three-level source
control–in-depth control High Current Junction Box White EVA Transparent Backsheet

• Most companies only control the first • For M10 bifacial module, LONGi has • When white EVA was first introduced • LONGi has conducted multiple rounds
level of raw materials. Once the cooperated with suppliers to develop a into market, this new material was not of reliability evaluation for different
upstream raw materials are unqualified, 25A junction box using a single diode. kinds of transparent backsheet, and
so mature for mass production. After all
test results show failure such as
module quality would be influenced. • LONGi’s assessment believes that there the problems being solved, LONGi yellowing, cracking, delamination, etc.
• LONGi not only strictly requires the first is a risk of uneven shunting through the introduced this material to LONGi • The transparent backsheet module has
level suppliers of raw materials, but also dualdiode solution, and the reliability risk standard BOM for achieving high higher degradation in the DH+UV test,
strengthens the control on secondary or of longterm use is significantly high. power output. while the double glass module has
even tertiary sources. obvious advantages in reliability.

23
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Leading Technology
Advancing Innovation
Utilizing Solar Energy Powering into Green World
Persisting in Innovation and Value Creation

24
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Module Design and Planning
Production and Technology with Highest Customer Value

High Optical Utilization Low Degradation

✓ Bifacial power generation ✓ LID，LeTID
✓ Innovative optical structure ✓ PID
interconnection materials

Reasonable Electrical Stable Supply Chain

Design Guarantee
✓ Current density and open ✓ Glass, junction box
circuit voltage

Transportation Compatibility
✓ Handling, packaging and
High Encapsulation Density transportation
✓ High power output, high efficiency

25
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Large-scale Application of Gallium-doped Silicon Wafers
• LONGi overcomes technical challenges such as large segregation coefficient, able to reduce cost and deliver the same price as boron doped wafer.
• Mass production and supply of gallium doped silicon wafers help improving cell efficiency and reducing LID and LeTID.

LID % CID % 20% 掺硼

B-doped 掺镓
Ga-doped 6

Verified by Customer A 16%

Proportion (%)
4
12%
Field Degradation %
8%
Verified by Customer B 2

4%

Cell Efficiency %
0% 0
Efficiency(%)
Verified by LONGi R&D

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Leading the Efficiency Improvement of Mono PERC Cells
• LONGi started mass production of PERC cells and modules in 2016, which led to industry wide adoption of mono PERC.
• LONGi’s research, development and production efficiency of PERC cells has always maintained a leading position, and currently maintains a
24.06% commercial PERC cell efficiency record.

17,0% 18,0% 19,0% 20,0% 21,0% 22,0% 23,0% 24,0%

2015 19,8%
2016 20,8%
2017 21,3%
2018 21,8%
2019 22,2%
2020 22,8%
%
2021 23,2%
PERC Efficiency Record
2022 23,7% 2019.01

LONGi Monocrystalline Cell Efficiency Evolution

27
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Solve PERC LID Problem and Remove Application Barriers
• Modules made of untreated PERC cells have obvious LID problems. This was effectively solved by LIR technology or gallium-doped
monocrystalline silicon wafer
• LONGi PERC products effectively suppress LeTID caused by "hydrogen-metal" through superimposed cell process control, and have performed
well in the third-party tests

Third-party LeTID Test Results

1,5%
1,3%
1,1%
LID (%)

0,9%
0,7%
0,5%
0,3%
0,1%
-0,1%
Half-cut Half-cut Mono- Mono- Half-cut Half-cut Half-cut Half-cut Half-cut Half-cut Half-cut Half-cut
bifacial bifacial facial facial mono mono bifacial bifacial bifacial bifacial mono mono
-facial -facial -facial -facial

28
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Verification of the Advantages of Mono PERC Modules
• LONGi cooperates with CEI to study the energy yield performance and reliability of monocrystalline PERC modules in Hainan and Xinjiang. It verified the
advantages of PERC module’s energy yield performance under weak light condition, working temperature, etc., and the energy yield of PERC is 3%
higher than Multi Si modules.
• In 2016, LONGi’s PERC module were applied in the Golmud power station of Huanghe Hydropower Development and achieved excellent energy
performance. The energy gain of PERC module was widely recognized by customers.

LONGi PERC Module Energy Yield in Taizhou(20170918) Real Time Statistics of Module Temperature in Hainan(20170207)

Multi-Si Hi-MO1 Energy Gain Hi-MO1 Multi-Si Air Temperature

9% 55
800 8%
50
7%

Temperature
Power

700 45
6%
40
（ 600 5%
W/kWp

35
4%
500
3% （ 30

oC
） 2% ） 25
400
1% 20

300 0% 15

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Bifacial PERC and Module Design
• The bifacial PERC cell is to adjust the rear aluminum electrode of PERC cell to localized aluminum bus bar.
• LONGi launched the bifacial and dual glass module based on the bifacial PERC cell in May 2017, well ahead of competition. Since then, LONGi has
continued to promote the bifacial module to increase its global market share. LONGi’s total shipment of bifacial module has reached 20GW
(2017.5~2021.06)
• LONGi’s bifacial module used 2+2 mm dual glass to reduce module weight and POE encapsulation to increase reliability. The adoption of a frame
avoided damage to the module during installation and long term use, with the design of a short frame without the C side reduced shading on the cell’s
rear side, enhancing energy yield.

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Bifacial Technology for Hi-MO Series

Establish Guidance on Bifacial System Design Optimization

• The ground albedo is the most important factor

affecting bifacial gain. The order by albedo of common
ground is: concrete & sand> land > grassland >water
surface
• If it is unavoidable to use mounts shading the rear side
of the module, the distance between the steel purlins
and module should not be less than 50mm, in order to
reduce the adverse effect on bifacial energy gain.
• The bifacial module’s minimum ground clearance
should not be less than 1m.
• It is recommended to use bifacial modules in locations
with snow, because the rear side yield gain will not be
affected, and the operating heat can melt the snow on Elevated
the front side. Height Array Shadow
Inter-row Spacing
Ground Albedo

31
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Global Verification of Bifacial Energy Gain and Reliability
Establishing Bifacial Module Bankability

8.3% - Gravel
Livermore, USA
(2P Tracker)
4.4% - Black Fabric
10.6% - Gray Asphalt
15.7% - White Fabric
Fremont, USA
10.9% - White Gravel 14.5% - Concrete
Pahrump, USA Qionghai, Hainan, China
11.1% - Gravel
Livermore, USA 11.4% - Sand 10.1% - Grass
(1P Tracker) Thuwal, Saudi Arabia 19.3% - White
Gravel 14.5% - Concrete
Chennai, India 15.8% - Sand
20.6% - White Coating
Dingan, Hainan, China

Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Chennai, India Ding’an, Hainan Fremont, USA Livermore, USA Pahrump, USA

16.0%
43.1%
40.5%
Albedo: 67.2%
Albedo: 24.0% Albedo: 21.4% Albedo: 37.9%

Baseline：Monofacial PERC Module

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Large Scale Application of Half-cut Technology
Reducing Hot Spot Temperature and Improving Energy Yield

• Half cell technology halves the working current to significantly Relationship between half-cell energy gain and irradiation
reduce internal loss and lower the module hot spot (Hainan China，2019.10.12)
12,5%
temperature. Leaving space for cell size increasing.
• Half cell technology brings higher energy yield under shading 10,0%

or uneven light conditions, and better generation 7,5%

performance under high radiation condition.
5,0%

2,5%

0,0%
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-2,5%

-5,0%

-7,5%

-10,0%
The project adopts Longi double sided half piece assembly, about 275 mw,
2020h2 -12,5%
Module Front Irradiation(W/m2)

33
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Smart Soldering Technology
A Balanced Choice of Overall Efficiency, Cost, and Reliability

⚫ Using integrated segmented ribbons

⚫ Module efficiency increasing by 0.3% compared to conventional MBB product

⚫ Triangular Section ⚫ Flat Section

Maximize the use of sunlight Achieve dense soldering with low stress

⚫ Micro-gap
The best combination of high efficiency, reliability and cosr
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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Launch of 166 Standardized Module
Support All Applications, the Best Size Selection of Existing Capacity

• In response to the mixture application of multiple wafer sizes after 2018, LONGi advocates the standardization of wafer size in the industry, and proposed
M6 standard wafers. The length and width of 166 module are slightly increased by 4 ~ 5%, which can realize the full scene replacement of the original
products. The appropriate size increase of module reduces the labor cost, and reduces the cost of mounting system and pile foundation.
• Utilizes the equipment margin for cell production and compatible with existing capacity; utilizes the margin of the glass width of the module to reduce
manufacturing costs.
• The cumulative shipment of 166 module has reached 10GW per year, driving the standardization of product specifications. It is expected that the market
share of M6 module will be close to 50% in 2021.

M2 Module
M2 G1
156.75mm 158.75mm

M6 M4
166mm 161.7mm

M6 Module

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Optimal Size Design
Module size design should comprehensively consider key factors such as internal material characteristics, external application scenarios
and different installation methods.

Property
Material
Glass, frame, cell, etc.

Hurricane, blizzard,
hail, electrical
Transportation and Optimal Size Tile, landscape &
handling Design
portrait installation

36
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
182mm, Optimal Size with Systematic Consideration
Optimal Large Size Module for Large Flat Terrain Power Station

• Based on the new build capacity and the entire industry chain, M10 wafer size was introduced to realize the standardization of the manufacturing system
and application system. It also realizes the reduction of module manufacturing costs and system BOS costs.
• Based on thorough analysis on module manufacturing and deployment processes, optimal module dimension is determined, and corresponding wafer/cell
size of 182mm is deduced
• Further size increasing of module will not bring value in manufacturing cost or system cost reduction, but increase reliability risks
• LONGi believed that the increase of size should stop as 182 (182 72c, 2.56M (m252), 32.3kg, ~ 540W). Future innovation should focus back on the
improvement of efficiency and power generation

Production Feasibility& Cost Module Reliability System Compatibility Module Transportation Manual Installation

• Industry chain cost Mechanical load • Mountain scene • Container loading • Installation
• Manufacturing yield • Hot spot matching and unloading efficiency
• Material supply • Junction box • Design of 120m • Transport reliability • Installation
capacity long array • Security damage rate
• Module efficiency • Tracking system
• Cable matching

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
1.8-2.2㎡ modules are basically suitable for all-weather application scenarios, and those below 2.7 ㎡ are suitable for most ground
power station scenarios.

Installation Tile Installation

Horizontal Tilt Vertical Tilt Installation
Climate Installation(10°-35°) (10°-35°)
Residential
2m Snow Scenario 1.8m2 Module

Hurricane speed> 36 m/s 1.8m2 Module

Residential projects adopt tile installation
Hail diameter is greater than 35mm 1.8m2 Module
Irradiation is greater than 1200W/㎡ 1.8m2 Module

C&I
2m Snow Scenario 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module

Hurricane speed> 36 m/s 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module

Hail diameter is greater than 35mm 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module

Irradiation is greater than 1200W/㎡ 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module 1.8-2.2m2 Module

Utilities
2m Snow Scenario 2.2-2.7m2 Module <3.2m2 Module

Hurricane speed> 36 m/s 2.2-2.7m2 Module 2.2-2.7m2 Module

Utilities does not adopt tile
installation
Hail diameter is greater than 35mm 2.2-2.7m2 Module 2.2-2.7m2 Module

Irradiation is greater than 1200W/㎡ <3.2m2 Module 2.2-2.7m2 Module

Remarks: The tilt angle is designed according to the actual project site, 10°-35° covers most projects.

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Innovations
Continuous Technology Innovations on Open Platforms

LONGi's innovations are not just limited to technology. The company hopes to integrate innovations and create an open, collaborative platform. This is essentially a new way
to connect with industrial partners, universities, research institutes, PV start-ups, as well as customers and colleagues. In a ecosystem, all elements come together in active
collaboration and interaction that enables us to design innovative solutions to drive the solar-led energy transformation.
In the past ten years, the cumulative R&D investment has exceeded $1568 million, ranking first in the PV industry. And LONGi had obtained 1,387 authorized patents. In 2021,
LONGi invested $689 million on research and development, accounting for 5.43% of operating income, a YoY increase of 69.55%.

Industrial Partner

2021 R&D Investment

Research Institute

Proportion of Operating Income

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Leading the Industry with Innovation
LONGi's technological innovation will quickly be transformed into large-scale advanced capacity and be promoted and applied on
the client side, promoting the continuous reduction of the cost of photovoltaic power.

Monocrystalline PERC Bifacial PERC Half-cut M6 Standard Wafer M10 Ultimate Size LONGi Lifecycle Quality
RCz High Efficiency Significant Energy Increasing of Next Generation of Design for utility application, Product Lifecycle Quality
DW Cutting Low Degradation Yield Increase to Efficiency and Power M2 Module Increasing Module Efficiency Management
Wafer Improving (Hi-MO 1) Lower LCOE Through mass (Hi-MO 4) by Smart Soldering
(Hi-MO 2) production (Hi-MO 5)
(Hi-MO3)

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Leading the Industry with Innovation
LONGi's technological innovation will quickly be transformed into large-scale advanced capacity and be promoted and applied on
the client side, promoting the continuous reduction of the cost of photovoltaic power.

Monocrystalline Bifacial PERC M6 Standard Wafer LONGi Lifecycle Quality

RCz Hi-MO 2 Hi-MO 4 Product Lifecycle Quality
DW Cutting Wafer Improving Significant Energy Yield Next Generation of M2 Module Management
Increase to Lower LCOE

PERC Half-cut M10 Ultimate Size HPBC Cell Technology

Hi-MO 1 Hi-MO3 Hi-MO 5 Hi-MO 6
High Efficiency Low Degradation Increasing of Efficiency and Power Design for utility application, Designed exclusively for Global
Through mass production Increasing Module Efficiency DG Customers
by Smart Soldering

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Keep Product Innovation，Towards Terawatt Era

1 2 3 4

LONGi Solar @ 2022

Propelling the transformation
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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Hi-MO Series

Unlock More Application Scenarios

Shaping the future. Again.

The Optimal Size, Delivering True Value

Recommended Scenarios

Utility

——
LONGi base Hi-MO 5 on the M10 wafer which it aims to make the industry standard. It acheives the power
output of 540W and an efficency of over 21%. Hi-MO 5 continues the hallmark of "Innovation" that is typical
of all of LONGi's Hi-MO series products. LONGi designed Hi-MO 5 from the ground up specifically to deliver
greater value for global customers of large-scale PV projects.

20GW
M10 Intersolar
Award

M10(182mm) Crackless Won prestigious Global shipment

Monocrystalline Smart Soldering Intersolar Award exceeded 20GW
Silicon wafer In 2021 (As of April 2022)

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
Propelling the transformation
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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Hi-MO Series

Unlock More Application Scenarios

Best Choice for Rooftop Solar Systems

Residential, Commercial and Industrial Applications

Recommended Scenarios

Residential C&I

——
Hi-MO 5m 54-module uses M10 (182mm) industry standard solar cells., produces a maximum power output of 415W,
and achieves an efficiency of 21.25%. This product will further improve LONGi DG product matrix, bringing more
value and choices to global customers.

M10

M10 (182mm) Low-LID technology Industry leading Excellent energy

monocrystalline using gallium-doped temperature generation under low
silicon wafer wafer coefficients light and/or low
angles (IAM)

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
Propelling the transformation
LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Hi-MO Series

Unlock More Application Scenarios

Explorer
Classic, but with Revolutionary Changes
Unique high-efficiency HPBC cell structure sets new standard for PV technology

Recommended Scenarios

Residential C&I

——
Hi-MO 6 Explorer, using LONGi's high-efficiency HPBC cell technology, its latest generation of photovoltaic modules
that match high efficiency with stunning aesthetics for distributed generation and rooftop applications.
The Explorer offers optimal power generation performance to meet the needs of most customers, from residential
households to commercial and industrial sectors.

M10

M10 (182mm) High-efficiency Aesthetic Outstanding Market-leading

monocrystalline Cells Appearance Performance Reliability
silicon wafer

All series including 72 cells，66 cells，60 cells，54 cells，etc.

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Hi-MO Series

Unlock More Application Scenarios

Scientist
Being Better is Our Standard
Propelling the clean energy transformation into the Terawatt Era with ultra-high performance

Recommended Scenarios

Residential C&I

——
Hi-MO 6, its latest generation of photovoltaic modules that match high efficiency with stunning aesthetics for
distributed generation and rooftop applications. Hi-MO 6 Scientist, using LONGi's high-efficiency HPBC Pro cell
technology, achieves a maximum efficiency of 22.8% in mass production. The series’ ultra-high product efficiency
enables customers to confidently install power plants in their production facilities and other areas to meet their
energy-saving and carbon-reduction goals for at least 25 years.

M10

M10 (182mm) Prime Efficiency Market-leading Upgraded Service Extended Warranty

monocrystalline Reliability
silicon wafer

All series including 72 cells，66 cells，60 cells，54 cells，etc.

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Hi-MO Series

Unlock More Application Scenarios

Guardian
Empowering an Intelligent Future
Equipped optimizer delivers smarter life

Recommended Scenarios

Residential C&I

——
Hi-MO 6, its first module designed exclusively for the global distributed consumer market. The Guardian series
employs pre-programmed intelligent optimizers to make the module smarter in a number of key areas.

M10

M10 (182mm) Intelligent Rapid Shutdown Real-time Increased

monocrystalline Monitoring Optimization Capability
silicon wafer

All series including 72 cells，66 cells，60 cells，54 cells，etc.

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Hi-MO Series

Unlock More Application Scenarios

Artist
Technology and Art in Unison
Powering a colorful life with artistic innovation

Recommended Scenarios

Residential C&I

——
Hi-MO 6, , its first module designed exclusively for the global distributed consumer market. The Artist series breaks
the tradition of one-size-fits-all black PV modules to offer customized sizes and colours.

M10

M10 (182mm) High-efficiency Lighting up Connecting life

monocrystalline Cells the Architectural and Technology
silicon wafer Inspiration

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Professional and Digital Solutions for Our Customers
30+ Optimal Design of Functional Modules 10+ Performance Analysis and Loss Decomposition Algorithm 20+ Patent Protection

New
GSE Master O&M GSE Challenger
Project

Solar Plant Design Optimization - EPC Cost Reduction PV Plant Performance Analysis – Increase PV plant yield and IRR
Exploring the world's most advanced optimization design methodology, realizing automatic Focusing on intelligent algorithms for loss analysis that can be improved through O&M, and
optimization and efficiently empowering the team providing plant performance loss breakdown and O&M corrective maintenance

Design Stage O&M stage

• 3 mins for conceptual design
• 14 days for first round analysis report
• 30 mins for auto design optimization, with CAD
drawing and BOM • 60 days for O&M guidance and tracking the improvement

• 7 aspects of design optimization: tilt, azimuth, DC/AC • 100 days for full improvement report after rectification
ratio, ground clearance, device location

Cost Reduction & Power Increase

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Business and Solutions
Utilizing Solar Energy Powering into Green World
Persisting in Innovation and Value Creation

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Customer-oriented Value Creation

Reliable and Economical

throughout the Whole Life Cycle

Reliability Measure

• Low degradation
DG
Ow ner • Low frequency of operation
Distributor
and maintenance Solar Products
Green Power
• 25/30 years operation
• Long-term stability of parts

LCOE Measure

Investor • System design & installation DG

Long-term Investment • ROI System
Integrator
• BOS cost Profit
• Power generation revenue

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
LONGi Product Portfolio
For a Wide Range of Applications

Ultra-large
Residential C&I
Power Plant

Suitable for Various Rooftops For Whole Scenarios Best LCOE

Maximize Installation Capacity

54c/60c/66c/72c 54c/60c/66c/72c 72c

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
Propelling the transformation
Utility

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
Series

540W
560W 72C
72c

66C
66c 495W
515W

LR5-72HPH
LR5-72HPH
2256×1133
2278×1134 LR5-72HBD
LR5-72HBD
LR5-66HPH
LR5-66HBD 2073×1133
2094×1134

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Technology Integration
• M10 Wafer with Gallium-doped Technology
• P-PERC Cell Technology
• 9BB Half-cut Cell
• 72-cell Format

*M10 Silicon Wafer: 182mm

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Product Parameters
(555W LR5-72HBD)
Voc 49.95V
Imp 13.19A
Power Temperature Coefficient -0.340%/C

32.6kg

2278mm
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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Leading Power Warranty
First-year Degradation  2% Bifacial Module Linear Degradation  0.45%

100%
98% Bifacial Mono-facial

87.2%
84.95%
84.8%

80%
0 1 10 20 25 30 year

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
BOS Saving V.S G1
Hi-MO 5 can save BOS cost of above 1.2￠/W
Jiuquan, Gansu, China, 4L fixed rack
158.75,72C

BOS Analysis
Rack and Foundation -8.1%

535
W
Combiner Box

Cable
-26.9%

-8.2%
410 W

Labor -20.6%

Land -4.6%

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
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BOS Cost Comparison
• Ultra-scale power plants can save rack and foundation costs by using large racks.
• Considering the thermal expansion and contraction, the length of rack is limited to 120m (GB 50017-2017《Code for Design of Steel Structure》)
• Both 182 and 210 module can save the costs using large racks, the calculation results are as follows:

Product 72c-166 72c-182 55c-210 60c-210

Power 450Wp 540Wp 540Wp 590Wp

DC capacity 3.9852MW 3.96576MW 3.969MW 3.9648MW

String length 27 27 35 32
Number of strings
8 8 6 6
on a single rack
Pile spacing 3.5m

Rack & foundation costs 0.070 0.065 0.066 0.067

Total cable cost 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016

Electrical equipment 0.046 0.045 0.045 0.045

Floor area 58074 m2 54941 m2 56381 m2 55348 m2

Land cost 0.037 0.035 0.036 0.035

BOS cost 0.170 0.161 0.163 0.163

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
182 VS 210 Half-cut Modules
Boundary Analysis of BOS Cost

• The high string power saves BOS cost including large racks, cables and string inverters, and the
labor costs brought about by large modules.
• Considering that large racks and manual handling are restricted by terrain, large-size modules
should be applied to flat terrain.

Various Large Power Plant

Scenarios on Flat Terrain

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
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182 VS 210 Half-cut Modules
Analysis of Boundary Conditions of BOS Cost on Flat Ground

Rack Cost Cable Cost Labor Cost

4mm2 Cable Cost Analysis

M10 M6 G12

• Rack length is not limited on flat terrain. But the width • In terms of cable cost, the advantage of high string • The significant increase of module area and width will
is still limited considering the installation. power decreases marginally, while the line loss bring difficulties to manual handling and installation.
• The length of the main axis of the tracker will limit the basically increases linearly. G12 half-cut module The logic of installation cost by piece will no longer
number of G12 module strings, and the increase of need to use 6mm2 cables to avoid disadvantages. hold.
the module length will reduce the wind load
resistance.

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DG Projects

C&I Residential

Traffic Transportation Warehousing Parking Manufacturing Retail Education Family

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
 Propelling the transformation
Hi-MO 6 Product Family
Four product series，all adhering to the 182mm standard

2278mm

1722mm

Explorer Scientist Guardian Artist

Performance Improvement Highest Module Efficiency Pre-made Optimizer Colored Module Options

optimizer Colored design

LONGi Solar @ 2022 *All series including 72 cells，66 cells，60 cells，54 cells，etc.
 Propelling the transformation
High efficiency HPBC cells promote new technological revolution
Efficiency of conventional HPBC cells exceeds 25%

Efficiency of PRO version HPBC cells break through 25.3%

PRO
Light absorption Hydrogen
Light absorption Passivation
Multi-layer anti-reflection film and absence of front
grid increase light absorption

Photoelectric conversion
Photoelectric
Multi layer passivation reduces impurity recombination and conversion
improves photoelectric conversion efficiency

Electric transmission
Electric transmission
Innovative all-back welding technology stabilizes the current
transmission

PRO Hydrogen passivation process repairs micro lattice

defects and exceeds the efficiency limit

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
Comprehensive upgrade | Strong power generation performance
Energy generation simulation of typical regions worldwide

10% higher on average than conventional PERC module

Comprehensive improvement of
energy generation
Stockholm, Sweden Module efficiency
+9.76%
Munich, Germany

+9.93%
Karachi, Pakistan Los Angeles, USA
Light Low irradiation
+9.37% Shanghai, China +9.78% absorption Performance
+10.30%
UAE, Dubai

+10.82%
Singapore City

+10.53%
Sao Paulo, Brazil

+9.96%
Pretoria, South Africa Long term power Temperature
+9.70% generation coefficient
Sydney, Australia

+9.91%
LONGi Hi-MO 6 PERC Module

*Power generation data based on PVsyst simulation

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
New levels of module efficiency introduce a breakthrough in installation capacity
Demonstrates significant efficiency improvement when compared to PERC and TOPCon technology

Module Efficiency

22.5%

22.0%

21.5%

In the same installation conditions:

PERC TOPCon LONGi Comparing with PERC module, the installation capacity is increased about 6%
Module Module Hi-MO 6
Comparing with TOPCon module, the installation capacity is increased about 3%

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
Multi-angle incidence | Unshielded absorption
No ribbon on the front

Enhanced oblique light absorption

LONGi Hi-MO 6 PERC Module

No ribbon shielding Cell shielded by ribbons

Maximizes light trapping Creates inactive areas

No ribbon shielding on the front, improved light absorption by about 2.27%

*Data based on simulated light incidence simulation from conventional BOM

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
Resilient in high temperatures
Power temperature coefficient as low as -0.29%/℃

Ensure stable power generation in hot conditions

1.16%
Bangkok, Thailand
Power
100% Hot and sunny climate Project type: commercial building

94.2% Module version: 182-72c mono-facial

Abundant light resources
88.4% Plant area: 4650㎡

93.2%
82.6% Annual average temperature: 24℃~32℃ Installation dip angle: 3°

PERC LONGi
Module Hi-MO 6
86.4%

79.6% 0.50%
Stockholm, Sweden
25℃ 45℃ 65℃ 85℃
Moderate climate Project type: luxury villa
LONGi Hi-MO 6 PERC Module
Module version: 182-54c mono-facial
-0.29%/℃ -0.34%/℃ Lighting resources: General
Plant area: 39㎡

Annual average temperature: 3℃~10℃ Roof inclination: 30°

PERC LONGi
Module Hi-MO 6

*Power generation data based on PVsyst simulation

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
Lower degradation | Extra long warranty
Lower power degradation ensure stable power generation over 30 years

Lower degradation Power output % Hi-MO 6

100.0%
100%
Maximum degradation
Max. first year degradation 1.5% 96.9%
96.0% 1.1%
94.9%

Max. annual degradation 0.4% 92.0%

1.8% 92.9%

90.9%
2.6%
88.9%
88.0% 3.3% 86.9%
LONGi Hi-MO 6
4.1%

84.0% 4.8%
PERC Module
80.0%
Leave factory 5-year 10-year 15-year 20-year 25-year 30-year

Single glass module Dual glass module

Protecting your investment 25-years warranty 30-years warranty

25th-year 88.9% 30th-year 86.9%

by long warranties power output warranty power output warranty

*Hi-MO 6 series have extended warranty service

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
Diversified application scenarios | New challenges for modules
Clear differentiation for market segment

The requirements of modules go beyond efficiency

Appearance matching Stable and high-efficiency Safe and reliable Intelligent protection
architectural style power generation and smart optimizations

LONGi Solar @ 2022

 Propelling the transformation
Sustainable Future
Utilizing Solar Energy Powering into Green World
Persisting in Innovation and Value Creation

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LONGi Solar @ 2022
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THE
FUTURE
OF LONGi
LONGi has committed to using 100% renewable power across its entire global operations by 2028.

In the coming 10 years, LONGi will install adequate power charging facilities for vehicles to
encourage the employees to change family vehicles into electric vehicles.

With “Solar for Solar”, LONGi officially joined the

LONGi has committed to completing its energy management system (EnMS) by 2025, as well as a
Global Initiative RE100, EV100, EP100, and will
35% energy efficiency improvement in 2025 from the 2015 level.
keep building towards achieving 100% in clean
energy consumption.

LONGi always had sustainable management as a

core criteria for business decision-making,
including continuous investments in innovation
Solar +
desalinated seawater
and research, advocating an open corporate Using clean energy Solar becomes 100% renewable energy.
convert deserts into Earth enters a carbon-negative
in manufacturing the main electricity source
culture and promoting scientific institutional greenland irrigates the mode
for electric vehicles
research. desert creating oasis

At the same time, LONGi has been leading

continuous changes in electric power and energy,
promoting the sustainable development of the
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
planet and mankind. It is LONGi’s vision and
roadmap that Earth will be completely green and
self-sustainable in the first half of this century.
Solar + pumped-hydro Renewable energy Solar + hydrogen energy,
energy storage, accelerates the applied to the ocean and
starts using solar replacement of fossil energy air transportation and
in manufacturing reducing smelting
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Propelling the transformation

LONGi Solar @ 2022