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3.1 Notes Topic Periodic Phenomena

The document discusses periodic phenomena, defining periodic relationships and the concept of a period in functions. It includes examples of periodic functions, their graphs, and calculations related to their values. Additionally, it presents a real-world application involving a malfunctioning clock and its periodic behavior over time.

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Rana Mukherjee
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53 views4 pages

3.1 Notes Topic Periodic Phenomena

The document discusses periodic phenomena, defining periodic relationships and the concept of a period in functions. It includes examples of periodic functions, their graphs, and calculations related to their values. Additionally, it presents a real-world application involving a malfunctioning clock and its periodic behavior over time.

Uploaded by

Rana Mukherjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Notes: (Topic 3.

1) Periodic Phenomena

A periodic relationship between two variables occurs when the output values demonstrate a repeating pattern over
successive equal-length intervals.
The period of a periodic function is the length of the 𝑥-values that is takes for the function to complete one cycle.

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)

Example 1: The function 𝑓 is periodic with period 4. A portion of the graph of 𝑓 is shown above. Draw two additional
periods for the graph of 𝑓 on the axes above.

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑔(𝑥)

Example 2: A portion of the graph of the periodic function 𝑔 is shown above. What is the least possible value of the
period of 𝑔?

Example 3: Using the function 𝑔 and the period found in Example 2, find the following values:
𝑎) 𝑔(14) 𝑏) 𝑔(72) 𝑐) 𝑔(− 17)

Notes: Topic 3.1Periodic PhenomenaCreated by Bryan Passwater


𝑥 1 3 4 7

ℎ(𝑥) −2 0 3 2

Example 4: The graph of ℎ is periodic with a period of 5. Values of ℎ are shown at selected values of 𝑥. Find the
following values
𝑎) ℎ(− 2) 𝑏) ℎ(6)

𝑐) ℎ(ℎ(9)) 𝑑) ℎ(5𝑘 − 3), where 𝑘 is an integer.

It is useful to have notation to model this phenomena. A periodic function starts with a basic pattern and translates the
pattern translate repeatedly over its domain. As a result, we are able to consider a periodic function as a horizontal
translation of itself.

In Example 4, the period of ℎ was 5, meaning that we could translate the graph of ℎ horizontally 5 units and end up with
the same graph. This means that the function ℎ satisfies the following equation for all values of 𝑥:
ℎ(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥 − 5).

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓

Example 5: The graph of 𝑓 is periodic with a domain of all real numbers. Two full periods of 𝑓 are shown. Find all
input values of 𝑓 that yield an output value of 1.

Notes: Topic 3.1Periodic PhenomenaCreated by Bryan Passwater


AP Exam: FRQ 3 Task Model

Note: Figure NOT drawn to scale


Example 6: The figure shows a large clock mounted to a vertical wall. The clock has an 8-inch-long moving minute
hand. The center of the clock is 120 inches directly above the floor. At time minutes, the minute hand is pointed
directly up at the 12. However, the clock is not working properly, and the minute hand is moving twice as fast as it
should. Thus, the next time the minute hand points directly up to the 12 is at time minutes. As the minute hand
moves, the distance between the endpoint of the minute hand and the floor periodically decreases and increases.

The periodic function models the distance, in inches, between the endpoint of the minute hand from the floor and the
floor as a function of time in minutes.

(A) The graph of and its dashed midline for two full cycles is shown. Five points, are labeled on
the graph. No scale is indicated, and no axes are presented.

Determine possible coordinates for the five points:

(B) Refer to the graph of in part (A). The of is , and the of is

(j) On the interval , which of the following is true about ?

a. is positive and increasing.

b. is positive and decreasing.

c. is negative and increasing.

Notes: Topic 3.1Periodic PhenomenaCreated by Bryan Passwater


d. is negative and decreasing.

(ii) Describe how the rate of change of is changing over the interval

Notes: Topic 3.1Periodic PhenomenaCreated by Bryan Passwater

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