LANGUAGE CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT: HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
Trisna Dinillah Harya
STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro Lampung
Email: [email protected]
Language change and development
Language can change and develop by itself slowly. Language can
change and development because of adaptation of development and
pattern change and system of society life, such as level of education,
social, culture and technology mastery. Language change and
development can occur internally and externally.
There are two factors in language change; they are internal and
external factor.
1. Internal language change
Changes internally occurred in the behavior of speakers in their
everyday lives to adjust to each other, and followed by a tendency to
innovate in groups of people who are already familiar, then followed by
other changes in sequence, which ultimately makes a language
different each other, although originally derived from a single language
family. Internal language change relates to the language change itself. It
correlates with grammatical system. it exists in phonology system,
phrase sequences and sentence.
The evolution of English language occurs in fifteen centuries
continually in English. The change is occur in three period English
language that precise tool to separate of linguistic changing. The period
is Old English, middle English, and modern English. In old English has
many manners or style of language.
There are four dialect, Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon, and
Kentish. Basically the difference between old English and modern
English is spelling, pronounce, vocal, and structure. Middle English is in
the middle 1150 – 1500. In this period, many of important changing in
English language, it is extensive and fundamental changing. At the
moment this changing influence of grammar and vocabulary. In modern
English occur in 19th century. Changing pronouns to other form . there
are tree difference, there are not thou, thy, and thee. Ye is changed
you; and its as possessive from it. from some English language
development pronoun is interesting one. neuter pronoun in old English
is hit, his, him, hit. There is a combine of Dative and Accusative. History
of German (Germanic) language change and development, concludes of
Germanic language family. It began of relation with Romanian in the
first century. Then, different dialect in Germanik. Consonant changing
build the new dialect in German language (High German). In early
period (old period) the best language exist in dialect collection.
Modern Period: 1650 – now, the famous development is increasing
of German language standard. There is a classification gender of Noun,
(1) masculine: der Man (the man), (2) feminine : die Frau (the women),
and (3) neutral: das Kind (the child). Explanation above indicates
change and development of German and English language in
vocabulary, phoneme and structure. It shows that there are change and
development of language family back ground. It can change of speaker
sociolinguistic behavior in current region.
2. External language change
External language change and development will be explored
through the study of sociolinguistics by examining and looking at
changes and developments that language is influenced by socio-cultural
factors that occur in society. Changes in the external language change
and language development is caused by the contact of a language with
other languages, where humans as social beings who have been
cultured either interconnected or inter-ethnic nations in the world in a
country.
Another example of external change is the development
colloquially of synthetic forms of auxiliary verbs, particularly in
American English. Phonetic reduction leads to a fusion of to with a
preceding verb form as in going to → gonna or want to → wanna.
Whether this will ever be accepted in more standard varieties of English
depends ultimately on language attitudes and the readiness to accept
vernacular forms. Social reasons can be given for why change appears
to be more common in some areas of language. For instance, swear
words have a high turnover because they lose their force for speakers
when they are used and hence the need for new and more forceful
terms arises constantly.
REFERENCES
Aitchison, Jean. (2001). Language change: Progress or decay? 3rd
edition. Cambridge: University Press.
Algeo, John. (2010)The Origins and Development of English
Language”USA:Wadsword
ACTIVITY QUIZ
1. It's developed through the study of sociolinguistics by
examining and looking at changes and developments that
language is influenced by socio-cultural factors that occur in
society.
Answer: External Language Change
2. It relates to the language change itself which correlates with
grammatical system and exists in phonology system, phrase
sequences and sentence?
Answer: Internal Language Change
3-5: Enumerate the three English Language Period
Answer: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English
