EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY: TRIANGLES

The theorems of Euclidean Geometry can be applied to triangles. There are as follows:
Theorem 1: Proportional Theorem
If a line parallel to one side of a triangle intersects the other two sides, then
it divides those sides proportionally.
Converse: If a line divides two sides of a triangle proportionally, then it is parallel to the
third side of that triangle.

If DE ∣∣ BC then :
AD AE
=
DB EC

Proof of Theorem 1: Proportional Theorem

Given: DE ∣∣ BC

Required to Prove:
AD AE
=
DB EC

1
Construction: Join DC and BE and heights 𝑘 and ℎ.
1
area of ∆ADE 2 . AD. 𝑘 AD
= = (equal heights)
area of ∆DEB 1 . DB. 𝑘 DB
2

1
area of ∆ADE 2 . AE. 𝑘 AE
= = (equal heights)
area of ∆DEC 1 . EC. 𝑘 EC
2

But area of ∆DEB = area of ∆DEC (same base, same height)

area of ∆ADE area of ∆ADE

∴ =
area of ∆DEB area of ∆DEC

AD AE
∴ =
DB EC

Similar polygons
A polygon is a closed straight sided diagram with three or more sides e.g. a triangle, square or
regular pentagon. Similar polygons have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size.

If the corresponding angles of triangles are equal (equiangular) then it, means there are similar.
||| is the symbol we use to say one polygon ‘is similar to’ another polygon.

2
Theorem 2
If two triangles are equiangular, then their sides are in proportion and consequently they are
similar.
Converse: If the sides of two triangles are proportional, then the triangles are equiangular and
are similar.
In the diagram below, if:

∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F (equiangular)

Then:
AB BC AC
= = (propotional)
DE EF AF

∴ ∆ABC ||| ∆DEF (similar triangles)

Note: To prove that two triangles are similar you must show that there are equiangular.
Once you prove with reasons that the two triangles have two corresponding angles that are
equal, there is no need to show that the third angles will equal each other since the sum of the
angles in a triangle are equal to 180°. The shortened reason you can use to say third angle of a
triangle.

3
If two corresponding angles are the same, then the third angle of both triangles is:

180° − (40° + 80°) = 60°

Proof of Theorem 2

Given: ΔABC and ΔPQR given with ∠A = ∠P , ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R.

Required to prove that:

AB AC
=
PQ PR

Construct: Mark M on PQ and N on PR such that PM = AB and PN = AC

Proof: In ΔABC and ΔPMN
AB = PM [construction]
∠A =∠P [given]
AC = PN [construction]
4
 ∴ ∆ABC ≡ ∆PMN [S∠S]
∴ ∠A = ∠PMN = ∠Q [given]
∴ MN ∣∣ QR [corresponding angles]
PM PN
= PR [proportionality theorem MN ∣∣ QR]
PQ
but AB = PM and AC = PN [construction]
AB AC
∴ =
PQ PR

Mid-point Theorem
The midpoint theorem states that the line segment connecting the midpoints of two sides of a
triangle is parallel to the third side and is half the length of the third side.
Converse: The line drawn through the midpoint of one side of a triangle and parallel to another
side bisects the third side.

Given that DE ∣∣ BC, D as the midpoint of AB and E as the midpoint of AC then:

1
DE = BC
2

5
PAST EXAM PAPERS PRACTISE QUESTIONS
2015 Mpumalanga Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10.2
In the diagram below, AB is a chord to the circle with centre O. BO is produced to C such that
AC ⊥ BC and AD = DB.

Prove that:
10.2.1 ADOC is a cyclic quadrilateral. (4)
10.2.2 ∆OAD ||| ∆ABC (3)
10.2.3 If the radius of the circle is 5𝑥 units and the length of the chord AB is 8𝑥 units,
determine the length of BC in terms of 𝑥. (4)
AF FC
10.3 In the figure below, DF || BC and = EB
FE

Prove that DE || AF. (5)

6
2014 Standard Grade Paper 2 Q 10
In the diagram below, AD is the diameter of circle ABCD and BC = CD . PD is a tangent to the
circle at D. ABP is a straight line. AC produced meets tangent PD at E.

Let ∠B2 = 𝑥.
10.1 Write down, with reasons, FOUR other angles that are each equal in
size to 𝑥. (6)
10.2 Prove that:
10.2.1 ∆ACD ||| ∆ADE (4)
10.2.2 AC. DE = AD. BC (2)

2010 Standard Grade Paper 2 Q 8

8.1
In the diagram alongside,
circle QRS has
tangents PQ and PS. PT || SR
with T on QR
∠S1 = 𝑥

7
8.1.1 Name, with reasons, THREE other angles each equal to ∠𝑥. (5)
8.1.2 Prove that:
a) PQTS is a cyclic quadrilateral. (2)
b) ∠S3 = ∠Q1 (3)

Prove that:
8.2.1 ∆JRS ||| ∆JTK (4)
8.2.2 JR. TK = RS 2 (3)

8
2014 Standard Grade Paper 2 Q 9
9.1
In the diagram alongside, ΔABC
with P on AB and Q on BC is given. Redraw
the diagram in your ANSWER BOOK, to
prove the theorem which states that:
BP BQ
If PQ || AC then PA = QC

9.2 In the diagram alongside, ΔMNP

with R on MP and T on MN
is given such that RT || PN. (6)
S is a point on PN such that TS || MP

MR = 10 units
RP = 4 units
MT = 8 units
RT = 9 units
TN = 𝑥 units
SN = 𝑦 units

9.2.1 Calculate, stating reasons, the numerical value of 𝑥 . (4)

9.2.2 Give a reason why PS = RT. (1)
9.2.3 Hence calculate, stating reasons, the numerical value of 𝑦. (3)

9
2010 November Paper 3 Q 8.2

ED is a diameter of the circle, with centre O. ED is extended to C. CA is a tangent to the circle

at B. AO intersects BE at F. BD || AO. ∠E = 𝑥.

8.2.1 Write down, with reasons, THREE other angles equal to 𝑥. (4)
8.2.2 Determine, with reasons, ∠CBE in terms of 𝑥. (3)
8.2.3 Prove that F is the midpoint of BE. (4)
8.2.4 Prove that ∆CBD ||| ∆CEB (2)
8.2.5 Prove that 2EF. CB = CE. BD (3)

2008 June Standard Grade Paper 2 Q 9.2

In the diagram alongside BC

and CAE are tangents to the
circle DAB. BDE is straight line
and BD = BA.

10
9.2.1 Prove that:
a) ∠D2 = ∠A2 + ∠A3 (3)
b) DA || BC (4)
ED EA
9.2.2 Hence, deduce that : AB = AC (3)
9.2.3 Calculate the length of AB, if it is further given that EC ∶ EA = 5: 2 and
ED = 18 units . (3)
9.2.4 Prove that ∆EDA ||| ∆EAB (3)
2
9.2.5 Hence deduce that EA = ED. EB (2)
9.2.6 Name, without giving a reason, another triangle, which is similar to ∆EDA. (2)

2015 North West Preliminary Paper 2 Q 9

In the accompanying diagram, ΔPQR is a right angles triangle with ∠Q = 90°. ST is the
perpendicular bisector of PR.

9.1 Prove that ∆PQR ||| ∆PTS (3)

9.2 If PR = 16cm and QR = 14cm. Calculate the values of:
9.2.1 PS (5)
9.2.2 The perimeter of ∆PQR. (2)

2016 Eastern Cape June Paper 2 Q 10.2

In ∆PQR, T is a point on PQ, V is a point on PR and TVRW is a parallelogram. PT = 𝑥 + 2 units,

QW = 𝑥 + 4 units, QT = 15units and WR = 𝑥 units.

11
10.2.1 Calculate the value of 𝑥. (6)
10.2.2 If VR = 18units and 𝑥 > 1, determine the length of PV. (3)

2016 Eastern Cape June Paper 2 Q 11

Given O is the centre of the circle. BA is perpendicular to AC. D is the midpoint of BC.

11.1 Prove that: ∆ABC ||| ∆DOC (3)

DC.BC
11.2 Show that: OC = AC (1)
11.3 Given: DC = 15cm and AB = 18cm. Calculate the length of OC, rounded off to one
decimal unit. (5)

2016 Gauteng June Paper 2 Q 11

In the figure below, AP = sin𝑥 , PB = 2,AQ = 2cos𝑥 ,QC = 3 and PQ || BC

12
Calculate the value of 𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ [0°; 90°] (4)

2016 Gauteng June Paper 2 Q 10

In the diagram, BE || CD and BF||CE. AB = 10mm, BC = 5mm and DE = 6 mm

10.1 Calculate the length AE, and hence also calculate the length of EF. (5)
10.2 Determine the value of the ratio:
Area of ΔABF
10.2.1 (2)
Area of ΔEBF
Area of ΔABE
10.2.2 (3)
Area of ΔACD

13
2014 Exemplar Paper 2 Q 10

In the diagram, points D and E lie on sides AB and AC respectively of ΔABC such that
DE || BC. Use Euclidean Geometry methods to prove the theorem which states that :
AD AE
=
DB EC

(6)
10.2 In the diagram, ADE is a triangle having BC ||ED and AE || GF. It is also given that
AB ∶ BE = 1 ∶ 3 , AC = 3 units, EF = 6 units, FD = 3 units and CG = 𝑥 units.

10.2 Calculate, giving reasons:

10.2.1 The length of CD. (3)
10.2.2. The value of 𝑥. (4)
10.2.3 The length of BC. (5)
Area of ΔABC
10.2.4 The value of (5)
Area of ΔGFD

14
2015 Free State Preliminary Paper 2 Q 12

In the diagram below, AD, DC and BE are the tangents to the circle, center O. Diameter AJ
and tangent BE are produced to meet at F. Also tangent DC is produced to meet Bf at E. H
is the point of intersection of AF and DE.

12.1 Prove that: ∆DAH ||| ∆OCH (4)

OA.DH
12.2 Prove that OH = DC (6)

2009 June Standard Grade Paper 1 Q 10.2

In the diagram alongside

E, H, D and G are points
on the sides of ∆ABC.
HG||AC and ED || BC.
AD 5
HG cuts ED at K. DC = 3
BG 2
and =1
GC

If AB = 24 units, determine, giving reasons, the lengths of:

10.2.1 AE (3)
10.2.2 AH (3)

15
2011 Standard Grade Paper 2 Q 9.2

In the diagram
alongside,
∆PQR has TV || QR
PT = 5 units
TV = 4 units
TM = 2 units
MV = 3 units
MR = 5 units

9.2.1 Prove that ∆TVM ||| ∆RQM (3)

9.2.2 Determine the following:
(a) The length of QR. (3)
PV
(b) The numerical value of VR if, ∆PTV ||| ∆PQR (5)

2015 Gauteng Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In ΔRGM, angle, E1 = R1 = R 2 , T lies on RG produced so that TM | | RE.

11.1 Give with reasons, TWO other angles equal to angle R 2 . (4)
EM RM
11.2 Prove that EG = RG (4)
11.3 Prove that ∆GYE ||| ∆GER (4)
EG RG
11.4 Hence prove that EY = RE (1)
11.5 It is further given that ∠GRM = 90° and RM = 6 and GM = 10.

16
Calculate the length of
11.5.1 RG (2)
11.5.2 GE (4)

2009 November Paper 3 Q 11

In the figure below, AB is a tangent to the circle with centre O. AC = AO and BA || CE.
DC produced, cuts tangent BA at B.

11.1 Show that ∠C2 = ∠D1 (3)

11.2Prove that ∆ACF ||| ∆ADC (3)
11.3 Prove that AD = 4AF (4)

2014 IEB Exemplar Paper 2 Q 13

(a) In the figure AB || CD and FD || BC.

CD ∶ AF = 3 ∶ 1

17
 ED
Determine the value of , giving reasons. (Hint: Prove a triangle similar to ΔABC) (7)
BC

(b) ∆PQRand ∆PST are right-angled triangles with RQ = SP = 2RS. S is a point on RP with
ST ⊥ PQ.

(a) Write down, without proof, a pair of triangles that are similar. (1)
2
(b) Show that ST = . QR (6)
√13

2014 IEB November Paper 2 Q 8

In the diagram below, triangle BEC is drawn. D and A are points on BC and BE respectively
so that AD|| EC and DA bisects.

18
(1) Complete the reasons for each of the given statements.

STATEMENT REASON
∠A2 =∠A3
∠A2 =∠C1
∠E =∠A3
(3)

(2) If the statements in (1) are true, what can be deduced about ∆CEA? Explain. (2)
BD AB
(3) Prove that : DC = AC (2)

2015 IEB March Paper 2 Q 4 (d)

In the diagram below, two different triangular pyramids are drawn.

The pyramids have the same height from vertices K and M.
AB = 4, AC = 5, BC = 2, TQ = 3, PQ = 7.5 and PT = 6.

19
(1) Prove that ∆ABC ||| ∆PTQ (4)
(2) Determine:
Volume of Pyramid PQTM
Volume of Pyramid ABCK
1
(Hint : V = 3 × Area of base × ⊥ height) (4)

2015 IEB March Paper 2 Q 7 (b)

In the diagram below, two circles touch at K. AKB is the common tangent and O is the center
of the smaller circle. KO is produced to meet the circles at L and R. KTW is a straight line. LT
and RW are drawn.

(1) Prove that KR is the diameter of the larger circle (5)

KL KT
(2)Prove that LR = TW (6)
(c) In the diagram, P, Q, R and S are points on a circle. PS || QR. PR and SQ meet at T.

20
Show that ∠PTQ = 2∠S (5)

2016 IEB March Paper 2 Q 12

In the diagram, T is a point of side SU of ∆SXU. TW || SXand TV || SW with W and V on

XU. UT = 18, UV = 12, VW = 8 and SW = 20.

(a) Determine XW. (6)

(b) Determine the area of ∆SXU. (8)

21
2016 IEB November Paper 2 Q 9(d)

OB2
Prove that ∆ABO ||| ∆OBC and hence deduce that AB = (5)
BC

2016 IEB November Paper 2 Q 10

The diagram below is the top view design of a new railway system. There are eight
stations being built and these are labelled with letters from A – H. You have been asked
to do some calculations for the railway company. As the engineer you know that:
• AF ||BE and AC || GD.
AB 4 AG 9
• BC = 7 and AF = 17

FE
(a) Calculate (3)
FC
CD
(b) Calculate DF (2)
(c) If the straight line distance of the track from F to C is 374 kilometres and it takes 50 hours to
build one kilometre of the track, determine the number of hours it will take to build the section
from E to D. (6)
22
2017 IEB March Paper 2 Q 4 (b)

In the diagram below:

• FD is a tangent to the circle at point E.
• AE || CD.
• A, B, and E lie on the circle.
• BC = CE .

(1)Prove that ∠D1 = ∠B (4)

(2) Prove that ∆ABE ||| ∆EDC (3)
(3) Show that 2EC2 = AE. DC (4)

2017 IEB March Paper 2 Q 9

In the diagram below:

• AB is 16 units in length.
• AB || CD || EF.
• EF = 10 units.

23
(a) Explain why ∆GCD ||| ∆GBA (2)
GC 5
(b) If CB = 3 , determine the length of CD. (4)
(c) Prove that G is the midpoint of ED. (4)

2016 Eastern Cape Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

FAN is a common tangent to the smaller circle ABCD and the larger circle ARZP. FP is a
tangent to the smaller circle at C. The straight line ABR meets the larger circle at R.

11.1 Prove that BC||RZ (4)

11.2 Hence, prove that BC is a tangent to circle ACP. (3)

24
11.3 Prove that ∆RZA ||| ∆DPC (5)
DC AC
11.4 Hence, show that GP × AB = 1 (5)

2016 Western Cape Preliminary Paper 2 Q 9

9.1 In the diagram below, ΔABC and ΔDEF are given with ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E and ∠C = ∠F
DE DF
Use the diagrams below to prove the theorem that states that: AB = AC (7)

9.2 In the diagram, ABC is a tangent to the circle at B. BDEF is a cyclic quadrilateral with
DB = BF. BE is drawn and ED produced meets the tangent at A.

Prove that:

9.2.1 ∠B1 = ∠E1 (3)

9.2.2 ∆BDA ||| ∆EFB (4)
9.2.3 BD2 = AD. EF (2)

25
2016 Western Cape Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10

In the diagram, P, S, G, B and D are points on the circumference of the circle such that
PS || DG || AC. ABC is a tangent to the circle at B. ∠GBC = 𝑥.

10.1 Give a reason why ∠G1 = 𝑥. (1)

10.2 Prove that:
BP.BF
10.2.1 BE = BS (2)
10.2.2 ∆BGP ||| ∆BEG (4)
BG2 BF
10.2.3 = BS (3)
BP2

2016 Western Cape Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram, ΔABC with points D and F on BC and E a point on AC such that EF || AD
AE 5
and DE || BA. Further it is given that EC = 4 and DF = 20 cm.

11.1 Calculate, giving reasons, the length of:

11.1.1 FC (3)

26
11.1.2 BD (4)
11.2 Determine the following ratio:
Area of ΔECF
(4)
Area of ΔABC

2016 Kwazulu Natal Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10

In the diagram below, SP is a tangent to the circle at P and PQ is a chord. Chord QF produced
meets SP at S and chord RP bisects ∠QPS. PR produced meets QS at B. BC || SP and cuts the
chord QR at D. QR produced meets SP at A. Let ∠B2 = 𝑥.

10.1 Name with reasons, THREE angles equal to 𝑥. (4)

10.2 Prove that PC = BC. (2)
10.3 Prove that RCQB is a cyclic quadrilateral. (2)
10.4 Prove that ∆PBS ||| ∆QCR (5)
10.5 Show that PB. CR = QB. CP (4)

2016 Kwazulu Natal Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram alongside in ∆KLM, DE ||LM,

∠LDM =∠ MDE = 𝑥
KD = 9, EM = 8 and EK = 6
Calculate with reason LM. (5)

27
2016 Gauteng Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10.1

10.1 Use the diagram given below, to prove the theorem which states that if ST || QR,
PS PT
then SQ = TR . Show all the construction lines. (5)

2016 Senior Certificate Paper 2 Q 10.2

In the diagram below, cyclic quadrilateral EFGH is drawn. Chord EH produced and chord
FG produced meet at K. M is a point on EF such that MG || EK .Also KG = EF.

10.2.1 Prove that:

(a) ∆KGH ||| ∆KEF (4)
(b) EF 2 = KE. GH (2)
(c) KG2 = EM. KF (3)
10.2.2 If it is given that KE = 20 units, KF = 16 units and GH = 4 units, calculate the
length of EM. (3)

28
2016 March Paper 2 Q 10.2

In the diagram below, VR is a diameter of a circle with centre O. S is any point on the
circumference. P is the midpoint of RS. The circle with RS as diameter cuts VR at T.
ST, OP and SV are drawn.

10.2.1 Why is OP ⊥ PS? (1)

10.2.2. Prove that ∆ROP ||| ∆RVS (4)
10.2.2. Prove that ∆RVS ||| ∆RST (3)
10.2.4 Prove that ST 2 = VT. TR (6)

2016 Overberg District Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10.2

In ΔPQR below, B lies on PR such that 2PB = BR. A lies on PQ such that PA ∶ PQ = 3: 8 .
CB is drawn parallel to AR.

Area of ΔPRA
10.2.1 Write down the value of: (2)
Area of ΔQRA

29
 BD
10.2.2 Calculate the value of the ratio . Show all workings to support your answer. (4)
BQ

2017 March Paper 2 Q 9

In the diagram, PQRS is a quadrilateral with diagonals PR and QS drawn. W is a point pn PS. WT
is parallel to PQ with T on QS. WV is paralle to PR with V on RS. TV is drawn. PW ∶ WS = 3: 2.

9.1 Write down the value of the following ratios:

ST
9.1.1 TQ (2)
SV
9.1.2 VR (1)
9.2 Prove that ∠T1 = ∠Q1 (4)
9.3 Complete the following statement:∆VWS ||| ∆… (2)
9.4 Determine WV ∶ PR (2)

2017 March Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram, LK is diameter of the circle with centre P. RNS is a tangent to the cirlce at N. T is
a point on NK and TP ⊥ KL. ∠PLN = 𝑥.

30
11.1 Prove that TPLN is a cyclic quadrilateral . (3)
11.2 Determine, giving reasons, the size of ∠N1 in terms of 𝑥. (3)
11.3 Prove that:
11.3.1 ∆KTP ||| ∆KLN (3)
11.3.2 KT. KN = 2KT 2 − 2TP 2 (5)

2017 Senior Certificate Paper 2 Q 11.2

In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram with A and B on the circle. The diagonals BD and AC
intersect in P. PC and PD intersect the circle at S and R respectively. T is a point on AP such that
TP = PS. TR is drawn.

11.2.1 Prove that:

(a) AT = SC. (2)

31
(b) ∆PSR ||| ∆PBA (5)
PR TR
11.2.2 If it is further given that PA = AD , prove that:
(a) ∆RPT ||| ∆APD (3)
(b) ATRD is a cyclic quadrilateral (2)

2017 Johannesburg South Cluster June Paper 2 Q 11.2

In the diagram below, ΔGHK is drawn having point R on KH and points D and F on GH such
that RD || KG and EF || KH. GHK. It is also given that RH = 3 units, RK = 9 units,
HD = 2 units and GE ∶ EK = 1: 2.

Calculate the lengths of:

11.2.1 DG (3)
11.2.2 FD (5)

2008 November Paper 3 Q 9

In the figure below, PQ is a diameter to circle PWRQ. SP is a tangent to the circle at P.

Let ∠P1 = 𝑥.

32
9.1 Why is ∠PRQ = 90°. (1)
9.2 Prove that ∠P1 = ∠S. (3)
9.3 Prove that SRWT is a cyclic quadrilateral. (3)
9.4 Prove that ∆QWR ||| ∆QST (3)
9.5 If QW = 5cm ,TW = 3cm, QR = 4cm and WR = 2cm, calculate the length of:
9.5.1 TS (3)
9.5.2 SR (3)

2008 November Paper 3 Q 10

In the figure below, ΔABC has D and E on BC. BD = 6cm and DC = 9cm. AT: TC = 2 ∶ 1.
and AD || TE.

33
 CE
10.1 Write down the numerical value of: ED (1)
10.2 Show that D is the midpoint of BE. (2)
10.3 If FD = 2 cm , calculate the length of TE. (2)
10.4 Calculate the numerical value of :
Area of ΔADC
10.4.1 (1)
Area of ΔABD
Area of ΔTEC
10.4.2 (3)
Area of ΔABC

2009 March Paper 3 Q 8

BQ 3 BR 1
In the figure AQ || RT, QC = 5 and =2
RA

8.1 If BT = 𝑘, calculate TQ in terms of 𝑘. (3)

8.2 Hence, or otherwise, calculate the numerical value of:
CP
8.2.1 PR (3)
Area of ΔRCT
8.2.2 (3)
Area of ΔABC

2009 March Paper 3 Q 9

In the accompanying figure, AB is the diameter of circle ADCB. Chords AC and BD intersect
at E. EP is perpendicular to AB.

34
9.1 Prove that ∆BPE ||| ∆BDA (3)
BP PE
9.2 Hence show that BD = AD (2)
BD2 .PE2
9.3 Prove that AB2 = BD2 + (5)
BP2

2011 March Paper 3 Q 11

In the diagram below DA is a tangent to the circle ACBT at A. CT and AD are produced to
meet at P. BT is produced to cut PA at D. AC, CB, AB and AT are joined. AC || BD.
Let ∠A1 = 𝑥.

11.1 Prove that ∆ABC ||| ∆ADT (6)

11.2 Prove that PT is a tangent to the circle ADT at T. (3)
11.3 Prove that ∆APT ||| ∆TPD (3)

35
 2
11.4 If AD = 3 AP , show AP 2 = 3PT 2 (4)

2008 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 8

8.1 In the diagram alongside, O is

the centre of the circle.
Redraw the diagram in your
ANSWER BOOK to prove the
theorem which states that:

If PM is a tangent to the circle

then, ∠PMR = ∠S.

(6)
8.2 In the diagram below, two circles intersect each other at A and B. ED is a tangent to circle
ABCD. DA is a tangent to circle AKB. DBK is a straight line.AK and DC are produced to meet
at L. LCD and AE are produced to meet at F.CD = DF.

Prove that:
8.2.1 LKBC is a cyclic quadrilateral. (5)

36
8.2.2. ∠B2 = ∠LAD (3)
8.2.3 DE|| LA (5)
8.2.4 CD. FA = FE. FL (4)

2008 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 9

9.1 In the diagram alongside, ΔABC and

ΔDEF are given.
Use the diagram on the diagram sheet or
redraw the diagram in your ANSWER BOOK
to prove the theorem which states that:

If ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E and ∠C = ∠F then

AB AC
=
DE DF

9.2 In the diagram alongside, O is the

centre of circle ABCD. AB produced
meets tangent EC at F. AF ⊥ EC.
CO is produced to G with G on AD.
EBOD is a straight line.

9.2.1 Prove that FAGC is a rectangle. (7)

9.2.2 Prove that ∆FCB ||| ∆CDB (5)
9.2.3 Hence, complete the following statement to make it true: BC2 ………… (1)
9.2.4 Prove that CD2 = CG. DB (5)
9.2.5 Hence prove that : DB = FB + AF (5)

37
2009 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 8
In the diagram alongside, RF and QE
are medians of ΔPQR. RF and QE intersect at
S. PW || ET , with T on RF,
W on QR and X on QT. RS = 2SF .

Prove that:
9.1 QW = WR (2)
9.2 FS = ST (5)

2009 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 10.2

In the diagram alongside,
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
E is a point on diagonal AC such that
∠D1 = ∠D3

Prove that:
10.2.1 EC. BD = AB. CD (5)
10.2.2 AE. BD = BC. AD (6)
10.2.3 AC. BD = AB. CD + BC. AD (3)

38
2011 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 9.2
In the diagram alongside,
median LF intersects the perpendicular
bisector KD of ΔKLM at G.
MG is produced to H on KL.
HF and KD intersect at P.

9.2.1 Prove that HF || LM (5)

9.2.2 Determine, stating reasons, the following:

(a) HF ∶ LM (2)
(b) KP ∶ PD (2)
Area of ΔKHF
(c) (3)
Area of ΔKLM

2011 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 10

In the diagram alongside,

M is the centre of circle ABCD.
MC cuts BD at J.
∠M1 = ∠M2
∠B1 = ∠D1

Prove that:
AB BD
10.1 = DC (7)
MD

39
 2MB.JD
10.2 AB = (5)
DC

2013 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 9.2

In the diagram alongside, the circle with
centre O and radius r units passes through M,
N and S. Diameter MN is produced to P such
2𝑟
that NP = 3 units. MS is produced to R such
that NS || RP. MS = RP = 12 units .

Determine, with reasons:

9.2.1 The length of SR. (4)
9.2.2 The length of SN. (3)
9.2.3 The numerical value of 𝑟. (4)

2013 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 10

In the diagram alongside, M and P are the
midpoints of sides AB and BC of
ΔABC respectively. N is a point on AC.
CM and BN intersect at O. BN is produced to
T such that ON = NT.
R is the midpoint of NC. PR, AT and CT are
straight lines.

Prove that:
10.1 PR|| ON (4)

40
10.2 AOCT is a parallelogram. (4)
Area of Δ AON 1
10.3 =3 (4)
Area of Δ APC

2014 Higher Grade Paper 2 Q 10.2

In the diagram alongside, O is the centre of
circle ACDE. EC is produced to B. TAB is a
tangent to the circle at A. EC and AD
intersect at H. F is a point on EA.
ED || FH || TAB
EOHCB is a straight line.
AH ∶ HD = 5 ∶ 7

10.2.1 Prove that ∆ABC ||| ∆EBA (3)

10.2.2 Calculate the value of r, the radius of the circle, if AB = 5 metres and
2𝑟
BC = 3 metres. (8)

10.2.3 Give, stating a reason, the value of the ratio HF ∶ DE. (2)
Area of ΔAFH
10.2.4 Determine the numerical value of . (5)
Area of ΔAED

2018 March Paper 2 Q 9

In the diagram, DEFG is a quadrilateral with DE = 45 and GF = 80. The diagonals GE and DF
meet in H. ∠GDE = ∠FEG and ∠DGE = ∠EFG.

41
9.1 Give a reason why ∆DEG ||| ∆EGF (1)
9.2 Calculate the length of GE. (3)
9.3 Prove that ∆DEH ||| ∆FGH (3)
9.4 Hence, calculate the length of GH. (3)

2018 Eastern Cape June Paper 2 Q 10.2

10.2 In ΔMNK: ∠N = 90° and D is a point on KN and E is a point on MN such that DE || KM.
ND: DK = 2: 1, ME = 𝑦 and KD = 𝑥.

10.2.1 Determine the length of KM 2 in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦. (4)

DM2 + KE2 13
10.2.2 Show that = (4)
KM2 9

42
2018 Eastern Cape June Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram, PA is a tangent to the circle ACBT at A. CT and AD are produced to meet at P.
BT is produced to cut PA at D. AC, CB, AB and AT are joined. AC BD.

11.1 Prove that ∆ABC ||| ∆ADT (6)

11.2 Prove that PT is a tangent to the circle ADT at T. (4)
11.3 Prove that ∆APT ||| ∆TPD (3)
2
11.4 If AD = 3 AP, show that AP 2 = 3PT 2 (4)

2018 Senior Certificate Paper 2 Q 9.2

In ΔRST, F is a point on RS and H is a point on RT such that FH || ST. RF = 2𝑥 − 10,

FS = 9, RH = 4 and HT = 𝑥 − 2.

43
9.2.1 Determine, giving a reason, the value of 𝑥. (5)
Area of ΔRFH
9.2.2 Determine the ratio: . (4)
Area of ΔRST

2018 Senior Certificate Paper 2 Q 10

In the diagram, FBOE is a diameter of a circle with centre O. Chord EC produced meets line
BA at A, outside the circle. D is the midpoint of CE. OD and FC are drawn. AFBC is a cyclic
quadrilateral.

10.1 Prove, giving reasons, that:

10.1.1 FC || OD (5)
10.1.2 ∠DOE = ∠BAE (4)
10.1.3 AB × OF = AE × OD (7)
10.2 If it is further given that AT = 3TO, prove that 5CE 2 = 2BE. FE (5)

2018 Overberg District Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10.2

In BA is produced to F. AC is drawn with C on BD such that ∠A1 = ∠A2 = 𝑥. CE||DA with

E on AB.

44
10.2.1 Give, with reasons, two more angles equal to 𝑥. (3)
BD BA
10.2.2 Prove that : DC = AC (4)

2018 Overberg District Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram a circle with tangent CD is given. A, B, D and E are points on the circumference
of the circle. AE = AB and AB is parallel to ED. ∠A2 = 𝑥.

11.1 State, with reasons, three more angles equal to 𝑥. (6)

45
11.2 Prove that ∆DEA||| ∆DBC (4)
11.3 Prove that BC. ED = AE 2 (5)
11.4 Calculate the value of 𝑥, if it is given that ∠A1 = 75°. (3)

2018 North West Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10

10.1 Complete the following theorem to make the statement TRUE:

If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same proportion, then the line is …. (1)

10.2 Two circles with centres P and S touch each other externally at C. SP produced
intersects circle P at B. A common tangent at R and Q and meets SB produced at T.

Prove that:
10.2.1 PQ || SR (4)
TQ(BP+SR)
10.2.2 TP = (4)
QR
10.2.3 ∆ATQP||| ∆TRS (3)
√(TP2 + BP2 −2TP.BPcosS) CS
10.2.4 √TS 2 − CS 2 = (6)
BP

2018 Mpumalanga Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram below, AB is the diameter of semi-circle ADCB. Chords AC and BD intersect at
E. EP is perpendicular to AB.

46
11.1 Prove that ∆BPE ||| ∆BDA (4)
2 2 BD2 .PE2
11.2 Prove that AB = BD + (6)
BP2

2018 Limpopo Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10.2

In the diagram chords AD and BC of the circle ABCD are produced to meet at F. E is a point on
AF such that EC is tangent to the circle to the circle at C and BD || CE. AC and DC are joined.

Prove that:
10.2.1 BC = DC. (4)
10.2.2 ∆BAF ||| ∆DCF (4)
BA DE
10.2.3 AF = EF (5)
10.2.4 ∆ECD ||| ∆EAC (4)
AE.BA.EF
10.2.5 CE 2 = AE (3)

47
2018 Kwazulu Natal Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10

In ΔABC, R is a point on AB. S and P are points on AC such that RS || BP. P is the midpoint of
AR 3
AC. RC and BP intersects at T. AB = 5.

Calculate with reasons, the following ratios:

AS
10.1 SC (3)
RT
10.2 (2)
TC
Area of ΔARS
10.3 (3)
Area of ΔABC

2018 Kwazulu Natal Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram alongside, ACBT is a cyclic

quadrilateral. BT is produced to meet
tangent AP on D. CT is produced to P.
AC || DB.

48
11.1 Prove that PA2 = PT. PC. (5)
11.2 If PA = 6 units, TC = 5 units and PT = 𝑥, show that : 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 36 = 0. (2)
11.3 Calculate the length of PT. (2)
11.4 Calculate the length of PD. (3)

2018 Gauteng Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10.2

10.2 In ∆DAX below, AC || XZ and BP || DZ. DY is drawn to intersect AC at B.

BC DA
Prove that: = DX (5)
YZ

2018 Gauteng Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram below, NPQR is a cyclic quadrilateral with S a point on chord PR. N and S
are joined and ∠RNS = ∠PNQ = 𝑥.

49
Prove that:
11.1 ∆NSR ||| ∆NQP (3)
11.2 ∆NQR ||| ∆NPS (3)
11.3 NR. PQ + NP. QR = NQ. PR (4)

2018 Free State Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10.2

10.2 In the figure below, D is a point on side BC of ∆ABC such that BD = 6 cm and
DC = 9 cm. T and E are points on AC and DC respectively and TE || AD and AT ∶ TC = 2 ∶ 1.

10.2 1 Show that D is the midpoint of BE. (3)

10.2.2 If FD = 2 cm, calculate the length of TE. (3)
10.2.3 Calculate the numerical value of :
Area of ΔADC
(a) (2)
Area of ΔABD

50
 Area of ΔTEC
(b) (3)
Area of ΔABC

2018 Free State Preliminary Paper 2 Q 11

In the diagram, TPR is a triangle with TP = 4,5 units. Q and S are points on TR and PR
respectively. QR = 9,6 units , QS = 4 units, TS = 3,6 units, PS = 1,5 units and
SR = 12 units.

11.1 Prove that PT is tangent to the circle, which passes through the points T, S and R. (7)
11.2 Calculate the length of TQ. (5)

2018 Eastern Cape Preliminary Paper 2 Q 10

Complete the proof of the theorem in the answer book that states that if in ΔABC and
ΔPQR. ∠A = ∠P = ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R.

51
 AB AC
10.1 Prove that = PR (6)
PQ

10.2 SPQ is a common tangent for both circles. M is the centre of the bigger circle. PM is
the diameter of the smaller circle. RQ ⊥ PQ. ∠PMN = 𝑥.

Prove that:
10.2.1 LN = NP. (3)
10.2.2 PR bisects ∠QRL. (4)
10.2.3 ∆PNM ||| ∆PQR (4)
10.3 If it is given that, PR = 30 and QR = 15 calculate the:
10.3.1 length of LR. (5)
10.3.2 the value of 𝑥. (4)
52