Scribd
Upload
2 views

exp8_tutorial

The document outlines an experiment for studying the B-H loop of a single phase transformer in an electrical engineering laboratory. It details the construction, working principles, and losses associated with the transformer, as well as the procedure for obtaining the B-H curve using an oscilloscope. The experiment aims to observe the B-H curve for different no-load input voltages by adjusting the autotransformer and rheostat settings.

Uploaded by

SATYAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

exp8_tutorial

The document outlines an experiment for studying the B-H loop of a single phase transformer in an electrical engineering laboratory. It details the construction, working principles, and losses associated with the transformer, as well as the procedure for obtaining the B-H curve using an oscilloscope. The experiment aims to observe the B-H curve for different no-load input voltages by adjusting the autotransformer and rheostat settings.

Uploaded by

SATYAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Sem.

II, 2016-17
ELL100 Laboratory

Experiment No. 8
Single Phase Transformation B-H Loop

Department of Electrical Engineering,


Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

ELL100 Laboratory 1
Purpose

• To study the constructional details of a single phase


transformer.
• To display the BH curve for the core material used, on the
oscilloscope for different no load input voltages.

ELL100 Laboratory 2
Construction of Single Phase Transformer

– Core is made of silicon steel stampings.


– Two magnetically coupled windings called primary and secondary
windings are wound on the core .

ELL100 Laboratory 3
Working of Single Phase Transformer
– It transforms the voltage and current level of the alternating input
supply to different values.
– Core provides a low reluctance path for the changing magnetic
flux, which links both the windings.
– Voltage and current transformation take place due to the mutual
inductance caused by the magnetic coupling of flux from primary
winding to the secondary winding.

ELL100 Laboratory 4
Magnetization Curve or B-H Curve

– The ability of a material to retain some of


its magnetism even after magnetisation
process has stopped is called Retentivity,
while the amount of flux density still
remaining is called Residual Magnetism.
– One way to reduce this residual flux
density to zero is by reversing the direction
of the current flowing through the coil,
thereby making the value of H negative.
This magnitude of H is called Coercive
Force.

B – Magnetic Flux Density


H – Magnetic Field Strength
ELL100 Laboratory 5
Losses in a Single Phase Transformer
• Core Losses
– Hysteresis Loss
A material is magnetized by applying some energy. If the same
energy is applied in reverse direction, magnetization effect is
reduced but not removed. To remove residual magnetism, some
more energy is required. This extra energy required results in
hysteresis loss.
– Eddy Current Loss
When an alternating magnetic field is applied to a magnetic
material, emf is induced in it. This emf circulates currents within
the body of the material called Eddy Currents. These currents
cause (I2R loss) known as Eddy Current Loss.
• Copper Losses
ELL100 Laboratory 6
How B-H curve is obtained?

• When an ac voltage is applied to the primary winding, with


the secondary left open circuited the primary current is
proportional to the field 'H' and the induced emf in the
secondary winding is proportional to the rate of change of
flux ( or flux density B).
• If a signal proportional to the primary current is applied to
the 'X' plates of DSO and a signal proportional to (∫edt)
where ‘e’ is the induced secondary voltage is applied to the
‘Y’ plates of DSO, B-H curve is seen on the oscilloscope.
• Integration of ‘e’ is done by putting a suitable RC circuit at
the secondary output.

ELL100 Laboratory 7
Circuit Diagram

ELL100 Laboratory 8
Procedure

• Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.


• Voltage across the rheostat is connected to channel 2(x-
axis) of DSO.
• Voltage across the capacitor is connected to channel 1(y-
axis) of DSO.
• Keep the autotransformer voltage at 150 V.
• Observe the BH curve on DSO in XY Mode.
• Take snapshots of B-H curve for two different values of
resistance, keeping autotransformer voltage at 150 V.

ELL100 Laboratory 9
Procedure

• Observe using clamp meter that current flowing through


rheostat does not change much when rheostat value is
changed. Therefore, width of hysteresis loop almost
appears to be same on DSO. But ‘B’ i.e. voltage across
capacitor changes.
• Now keeping resistance value constant, autotransformer
voltage is varied (keep it less than 150 V).
• Take snapshots of B-H curve for two different values of
autotransformer voltage.

ELL100 Laboratory 10
Conclusion

• B-H curve for different no load input voltages (thus various


flux densities) is seen on DSO by either changing the input
supply voltage through autotransformer or by changing the
rheostat.
• Four snapshots of B-H curve have to be taken and
corresponding input supply voltages need to be mentioned.

ELL100 Laboratory 11

You might also like