Most information from the Arduino Language Reference:

Arduino Cheat Sheet http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

Structure & Flow Operators Built-in Functions Libraries

Basic Program Structure General Operators Digital I/O Math Serial (communicate with PC or via RX/TX)
void setup() { = (assignment operator) pinMode(pin,[INPUT, OUTPUT]) min(x, y) max(x, y) abs(x) begin(long Speed) // set bits/sec
// runs once when sketch starts + (add) - (subtract) digitalWrite(pin, value) sin(rad) cos(rad) tan(rad) end()
} * (multiply) / (divide) int digitalread(pin) sqrt(x) pow(base, exponent) int available()
byte read()
void loop() { % (modulo) // Write HIGH to inputs to use constrain(x, minval, maxval)
byte peek()
// runs repeatedly == (equal to) != (not equal to) // pull-up resistors map(val, fromL, fromH, toL, toH) flush()
} < (less than) > (greater than) print(myData)
<= (less than or equal to) Analog I/O Random Numbers println(myData)
Control Structures >= (greater than or equal to) randomSeed(seed) // long or int write(myBytes)
analogReference([DEFAULT, flush()
if (x < 5) { ... } else { ... } && (and) || (or) ! (not) long random(max)
INTERNAL, EXTERNAL])
while (x < 5) { ... } int analogRead(pin) long random(min, max)
do { ... } while ( x < 5); Compound Operators EEPROM (#include <EEPROM.h>)
// Call twice if switching pin
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ... } ++ (increment) // from a high-Z source byte read(intAddr)
Bits and Bytes
break; // exit a loop immediately -- (decrement) analogWrite(pin, value) // PWM write(intAddr, myByte)
lowByte(x) highByte(x)
continue; // go to next iteration += (compound addition) bitRead(x, bitn)
switch (myVar) { -= (compound substraction) Servo (#include <Servo.h>)
Advanced I/O bitWrite(x, bitn, bit)
case 1: *= (compound multiplication) attach(pin, [min_uS, max_uS])
tone(pin, freqhz) bitSet(x, bitn)
... /= (compound division)
tone(pin, freqhz, duration_ms) bitClear(x, bitn) write(angle) // 0, 180
break; &= (compound bitwise and)
noTone(pin) bit(bitn) // bitn: 0=LSB 7=MSB writeMicroseconds(uS)
case 2: |= (compound bitwise or)
shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, // 1000-2000; 1500 is midpoint
...
[MSBFIRST,LSBFIRST], value) Conversions read() // 0 - 180
break;
Bitwise Operators unsigned long pulseIn(pin, attached() // returns boolean
default: char() byte()
[HIGH,LOW]) detach()
... & (bitwise and) | (bitwise or) int() word()
} ^ (bitwise xor) ~ (bitwise not) long() float()
return x; // or "return;" for voids << (shift left) >> (shift right) SoftwareSerial (serial comm. on any pins)
Time
(#include <softwareSerial.h>)
unsigned long millis() External Interrupts
SoftwareSerial(rxPin, txPin)
// overflow at 50 days attachInterrupt(interrupt, func,
// select rx and tx pins
unsigned long micros() [LOW, CHANGE, RISING, FALLING])
Variables, Arrays, and Data // overflow at 70 minutes detachInterrupt(interrupt)
begin(long Speed) // up to 9600
char read() // blocks till data
delay(ms) interrupts()
Data types Constants print(myData)
delayMicroseconds(us) noInterrupts()
void HIGH | LOW println(myData)
boolean (0, 1, true, false) INPUT | OUTPUT
char (e.g. 'a' -128 to 127) true | false Wire (I²C comm.) (#include <Wire.h>)
int (-32768 to 32767) 143 // Decimal begin() // join a master
long (-2147483648 to 2147483647) 0173 // Octal (leading 0) begin(addr) // join a slave @ addr
unsigned char (0 to 255) 0b11011111 // Binary requestFrom(address, count)

2
GND
13
12
~11
~10
~9

~6
~5

~3
AREF

TX→1
RX←0
byte (0 to 255) 0x7B // Hex (hexadecimal) beginTransmission(addr) // Step 1
unsigned int (0 to 65535) 7U // force unsigned
DIGITAL (PWM~)
send(myByte) // Step 2
word (0 to 65535) 10L // force long L send(char * mystring)
unsigned long (0 to 4294967295) 15UL // force long unsigned send(byte * data, size)
float
double
(-3.4028e+38 to 3.4028e+38)
(currently same as float)
10.0
2.4e5
// force floating point
// 240000
TX
RX
ARDUINO ON endTransmission() // Step 3
byte available() // Num of bytes

1
byte receive() // Return next byte
Qualifiers onReceive(handler)
Pointer Access

ICSP
static // persists between calls onRequest(handler)
& (reference: get a pointer)
volatile // use RAM (nice for ISR)
* (dereference: follow a pointer)
const // make read only RESET

WWW.ARDUINO.CC
PROGMEM // Use flash
Strings by Mark Liffiton
Arrays char S1[8] =
int myInts[6]; // array of 6 ints {'A','r','d','u','i','n','o'};
int myPins[]={2, 4, 8, 3, 6}; // unterminated string; may crash
Adapted from:
int mySensVals[6]={2, 4, -8, 3, 2}; char S2[8] = POWER ANALOG IN - Original by Gavin Smith
RESET
3.3V

myInts[0]=42; // assigning first {'A','r','d','u','i','n','o','\0'}; - SVG version by Frederic Dufourg

GND
GND
Vin
5V

A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
// index of myInts // includes \0 null termination
myInts[6]=12; // ERROR! Indexes char S3[]="arduino";
- Arduino board drawing
// are 0 though 5 char S4[8]="arduino"; original by Fritzing.org