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Lecture 3 AS101

The document discusses the deflection of beams in structural engineering, emphasizing the importance of limiting deflections for structural integrity and stability. It introduces the Double Integration Method, developed by Macaulay, for calculating deflections and slopes along beams, highlighting its application in reinforcing concrete structures. Additionally, it provides guidance on determining slope and deflection in specific structural scenarios.

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Leegerald Estravo
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Lecture 3 AS101

The document discusses the deflection of beams in structural engineering, emphasizing the importance of limiting deflections for structural integrity and stability. It introduces the Double Integration Method, developed by Macaulay, for calculating deflections and slopes along beams, highlighting its application in reinforcing concrete structures. Additionally, it provides guidance on determining slope and deflection in specific structural scenarios.

Uploaded by

Leegerald Estravo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Manuel S.

Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering


An Autonomous University

AS101
Theory of Structures
PART IV: DEFLECTION OF BEAMS
• Double Integration Method

ENGR. MICAH ELLA V. TAGLE


INSTRUCTOR
College of Engineering
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DEFLECTIONS
It is the degree to which a structural element is displaced
under a certain loading either angle or distance
Deflections of structures can occur from various sources,
such as loads, temperature, fabrication errors, or settlement.
In design, deflections must be limited in order to provide
integrity and stability of roofs, and prevent cracking of
attached brittle materials such as concrete, plaster or glass.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DEFLECTIONS
The deflection of a structure is caused by its internal loadings such as normal
force, shear force, or bending moment. For beams and frames, however, the
greatest deflections are most often caused by internal bending, whereas
internal axial forces cause the deflections of a truss.
Being able to draw the deflection curve also helps engineers in locating the
steel needed to reinforce a concrete beam, column, or wall. Concrete is rather
weak in tension, so regions of a concrete structural member where tensile
stresses are developed are reinforced with steel bars, called reinforcing rods.
These rods prevent or control any cracking that may occur within these regions.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD


- Developed by Macaulay
- Also known as Macaulay’s Method
- Produces equation for the deflection everywhere along the beam
- The displacements and slopes are very small if the stressed are below the
elastic limit.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD


From differential calculus:

𝟏 𝒚′′
𝒌= = 𝟑
𝒑
(𝟏 + 𝒚′𝟐 )𝟐
From strength of materials:

𝟏 𝑴
=
𝒑 𝑬𝑰
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD


Since the slope of the elastic curve is very
small, y’ will be neglected.

1 𝑀 𝑦′′
= = 3
𝑝 𝐸𝐼 2
(1+𝑦′ )2
𝑀 𝑦′′
= 3
𝐸𝐼
(1+𝑦′2 )2
𝑀 𝑦′′
= 3
𝐸𝐼
(1)2
𝑀
𝑦 ′′ =
𝐸𝐼
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

𝑀
න 𝑦′′ = = න dx y′
𝐸𝐼
′
𝜽 𝑴
𝒚 = = න 𝐝𝐱
𝑬𝑰 𝑬𝑰
𝑀
න 𝑦′ = 𝑦 = න න dx
𝐸𝐼
𝜹 𝑴
𝒚= = න න 𝐝𝐱
𝑬𝑰 𝑬𝑰
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD


- C1 and C2 are boundary conditions imposed by
the support:
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD


TIP:

- Make sure that the load is continuous on the cutting plane

- In determining the equation of the elastic curve (moment,


slope and deflection), if the value inside the parenthesis
becomes negative, the term will be neglected.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

′′
𝑬𝑰𝒚 = 𝑴
′
𝑬𝑰𝒚 = න 𝑴𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏

𝑬𝑰𝒚 = න න 𝑴𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

SITUATION NO. 1

Determine the slope and deflection at point B of the


cantilever beam shown above by the direct integration
method.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

SITUATION NO. 1
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

REFERENCES:
• Engineering Mechanics: Statics 14th Edition – R.C. Hibbeler
• Structural Analysis 9th Edition – R.C. Hibbeler
• Structural Analysis 4th Edition, A. Kassimali
• Structural Analysis, V. I. Besavilla

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