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Sem_IV-Study_notes-_Univariate,_Byvariare_and_Multivariate_data

The document outlines the concepts of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis. Univariate data involves a single variable for descriptive analysis, while bivariate data examines the relationship between two variables, and multivariate data involves three or more variables for more complex analyses. Various statistical techniques are used for each type of data to uncover patterns and relationships.

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10 views

Sem_IV-Study_notes-_Univariate,_Byvariare_and_Multivariate_data

The document outlines the concepts of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis. Univariate data involves a single variable for descriptive analysis, while bivariate data examines the relationship between two variables, and multivariate data involves three or more variables for more complex analyses. Various statistical techniques are used for each type of data to uncover patterns and relationships.

Uploaded by

thakareansha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Study notes

B. Com Hons Sem IV,


Sub Code – BCH 4.2
Topic - Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate data
Prepared by-
Dr. G. Vijayalakshmi.
Faculty of Commerce, Karim City College.

Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate data and its


analysis
1. Univariate data –
This type of data consists of only one variable. The analysis of univariate data is thus the
simplest form of analysis since the information deals with only one quantity that changes.
It does not deal with causes or relationships and the main purpose of the analysis is to
describe the data and find patterns that exist within it. The example of a univariate data
can be height.

Suppose that the heights of seven students of a class is recorded (figure 1),there is only
one variable that is height and it is not dealing with any cause or relationship. The
description of patterns found in this type of data can be made by drawing conclusions
using central tendency measures (mean, median and mode), dispersion or spread of data
(range, minimum, maximum, quartiles, variance and standard deviation) and by using
frequency distribution tables, histograms, pie charts, frequency polygon and bar charts.
2. Bivariate data –
This type of data involves two different variables. The analysis of this type of data deals
with causes and relationships and the analysis is done to find out the relationship among
the two variables. Example of bivariate data can be temperature and ice cream sales in
summer season.
Suppose the temperature and ice cream sales are the two variables of a bivariate
data(figure 2). Here, the relationship is visible from the table that temperature and sales
are directly proportional to each other and thus related because as the temperature
increases, the sales also increase. Thus bivariate data analysis involves comparisons,
relationships, causes and explanations. These variables are often plotted on X and Y axis on
the graph for better understanding of data and one of these variables is independent while
the other is dependent.
3. Multivariate data –
When the data involves three or more variables, it is categorized under multivariate.
Example of this type of data is suppose an advertiser wants to compare the popularity of
four advertisements on a website, then their click rates could be measured for both men
and women and relationships between variables can then be examined.
It is similar to bivariate but contains more than one dependent variable. The ways to
perform analysis on this data depends on the goals to be achieved. Some of the techniques
are regression analysis, path analysis,factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA).

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