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chemistrylecture_13

The document explains the concept of mixtures, distinguishing between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, with examples such as oil and water (heterogeneous) and sugar dissolved in water (homogeneous). It describes various physical methods for separating components of mixtures, including filtration, distillation, crystallization, magnetism, and gravitational separation. Additionally, it introduces chromatography as a technique for separating fluid mixtures based on the weight of their components.

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nanjesteven3
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2 views

chemistrylecture_13

The document explains the concept of mixtures, distinguishing between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, with examples such as oil and water (heterogeneous) and sugar dissolved in water (homogeneous). It describes various physical methods for separating components of mixtures, including filtration, distillation, crystallization, magnetism, and gravitational separation. Additionally, it introduces chromatography as a technique for separating fluid mixtures based on the weight of their components.

Uploaded by

nanjesteven3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry Lecture *13- Mixtures o-P Matter

Mixture- Blend o-P 2. or more substances. The substances are in


physical contact, but are not chemically bonded.

For example, a container -Pilled with both oil and water is a mixture
o-P the two. The oil is in contact with the water, but is not
chemically bonded to the water.

Ice -Pleating in water is another example o-P a mixture. So is a


hard-boiled e .

I-P you can look at a mixture and see di-P-Perent sections or


regions, the sections are called pha<ze<?. All o£ the above examples
are mixtures with di-P-Perent sections/phases.

Pa e
Here's another mixture- sugar dissolved in water.

The mixture is not divided into different sections. There is only


one phase. It is still a mixture because the sugar and water are in
contact with each other, but are not bonded. The sugar is still
sugar (you can taste it) and the water is still water.

Heterogeneous mixture- Composition is not uni-Porm (it has 2- or


more, phases).

Homogeneous mixture Composition is uni-Porm (it has only one


phase). Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions.

Thus, sugar dissolved in water is a homogeneous mixture. Oil and


water, ice in water, and a hard-boiled egg are examples oP
heterogeneous mixtures.

The components o-P a mixture are only in physical contact with


each other. Thus, components aP a mixture can be separated by
physical means. Methods o-P physically separating components o-P
a mixture include filtration, distillation, crystallization, magnetism, and
gravitational separation.
Filtration involves separating big particles -Prom smaller particles
with a filter. Particles are separated by size. For example,
vegetables can be separated -Prom water by pouring the mixture
through a colander. The larger chunks o-P vegetables will be
blocked by the colander, while the water molecules can easily
pass through the holes in the colander.

Distillation uses heat to separate substances that easily evaporate


-Prom those that don't evaporate. For example, i-P salt is dissolved
in water, the mixture can be separated by boiling the solution. The
water will boil away, but the salt will be le-Pt behind since salt does
not easily evaporate.

fit
Crystallization occurs when too much solid has been dissolved into
a liquid. When this occurs, solid that has been dissolved will start
to come out o-P solution and -Porm crystals. This is how rock
candy is made.. Lots o-P Sugar is dissolved in hot water. When the
water cools, the sugar will crystallize.

31P a e e
Magnetism c-an be used to separate magnetic, substances -Prom
non-magnetic, substances. For examples, iron nails can be
separated -Prom sand with a magnet.

gravitational separation can be used to separate substances i-P


one substance is heavier than another. Heavier substances move
more slowly than lighter substances, and this allows -Por the
separation o-P mixtures.

For example, chromatography is a technique that can separate


•Pluids such as blood and urine. A spot o-P the liquid mixture is
placed at the end o-P a piece o-P paper, and the end o-P the paper
is placed in a liquid solvent. As the solvent is absorbed up into the
paper, the components o-P the mixture are swept along with the
solvent.

The heavier components o-P the mixture will move more slowly
while the lighter components will move -Paster. The heavier
components will separate and end up closer to the bottom o-P the
paper, while the lighter components will end up closer to the top
o-P the paper.

Chromatography can also be used to separate the components o-P


ink. Ink is o-Pten a mixture o-P pigments, and some pigments are
heavier than others.

4 P a e

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