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CHP 3 Matrix Lecture 3

The document defines and provides examples of matrices in reduced row echelon form (RREF) and row echelon form (REF). A matrix is in RREF if it satisfies the following properties: 1) all rows of all zeros are at the bottom, 2) the leading coefficient of each nonzero row is 1 and is left-most, 3) the leading 1s of successive rows are further left. A matrix is in REF if it satisfies 1-3 but not necessarily 4. Several example matrices are provided and classified as being in RREF, REF, or neither. Exercises are given to identify whether matrices are in RREF or REF.

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Walter Walter
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22 views

CHP 3 Matrix Lecture 3

The document defines and provides examples of matrices in reduced row echelon form (RREF) and row echelon form (REF). A matrix is in RREF if it satisfies the following properties: 1) all rows of all zeros are at the bottom, 2) the leading coefficient of each nonzero row is 1 and is left-most, 3) the leading 1s of successive rows are further left. A matrix is in REF if it satisfies 1-3 but not necessarily 4. Several example matrices are provided and classified as being in RREF, REF, or neither. Exercises are given to identify whether matrices are in RREF or REF.

Uploaded by

Walter Walter
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reduced row echelon form

Definition of a matrix in reduced row echelon form: A matrix in reduced row echelon form (or row reduced echelon form) has the following properties: 1. All rows consisting entirely of 0 are at the bottom of the matrix. 2. For each nonzero row, the first entry is 1. The first entry is called a leading 1. 3. For two successive nonzero rows, the leading 1 in the higher row appears further to the left than the leading 1 in the lower row. 4. If a column contains a leading 1, then all other entries in that column are 0.

Note: a matrix is in row echelon form if it satisfies the first 3 properties.

Example:

1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

2 1 0 0 0

and

1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

3 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

are the matrices in reduced row echelon form.

The matrix

1 0 0 0

2 1 0 0

3 2 1 0

4 5 2 0

is not in reduced row echelon form but in row echelon form since the matrix has the first 3 properties and all the other entries above the leading 1 in the third column are not 0. The matrix
2

1 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

3 2 2 0

4 5 2 0

are not in row echelon form (also not in reduced row echelon form) since the leading 1 in the second row is not in the left of the leading 1 in the third row and all the other entries above the leading 1 in the third column are not 0.

Exercises Which of the following matrices are in reduced row-echelon form? If it is not in reduced row-echelon form, determine whether it is in row-echelon form.

a.

1 0 5 0 1 4

b.

1 0 0 4 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 8

c.

1 5 4 0 1 2

d.

1 0 2 5 0 1 3 9 0 0 0 0

e.

1 3 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
f.

1 3 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

g.

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 4 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

h.

j.

Important result: Every nonzero m n matrix can be transformed to a unique matrix in reduced row echelon form via elementary row operations.

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