BUILDING TECHNOLOGY IV

MIDTERMS

MASTER FORMAT (16 DIVISIONS)

Division 1: General Requirements DIVISION 3: CONCRETE
Division 2: Site Construction -​ Basic Concrete Materials and
Division 3: Concrete Methods
Division 4: Masonry​ -​ Concrete Forms and Accessories
Division 5: Metals -​ Concrete Reinforcement
Division 6: Woods and Plastics -​ Cast-In-Place Concrete
Division 7: Thermal and Moisture -​ Cementitious Decks and
Protection Underlayment
Division 8: Doors and Windows -​ Grouts
Division 9: Finishes -​ Mass Concrete
Division 10: Specialties -​ Concrete Restoration and Cleaning
Division 11: Equipment
Division 12: Furnishing DIVISION 4: MASONRY
Division 13: Special Construction -​ Basic Masonry Materials and
Division 14: Conveying System Methods
Division 15: Mechanical -​ Masonry Units
Division 16: Electrical -​ Stone
-​ Refractories
DIVISION 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS -​ Corrosion-Resistant Masonry
-​ Summary -​ Simulated Masonry
-​ Price and Payment Procedures -​ Masonry Assemblies
-​ Administrative Requirements -​ Masonry Restoration and Cleaning
-​ Quality Requirements
-​ Temporary Facilities and Controls DIVISION 5: METALS
-​ Product Requirements -​ Basic Metal Materials and Methods
-​ Execution Requirements -​ Structural Metal Framing
-​ Facility Operation -​ Metal Joists
-​ Facility Decommissioning -​ Metal Deck
-​ Metal Fabrications
DIVISION 2: SITE CONSTRUCTION -​ Hydraulic Fabrications
-​ Basic Site Materials and Methods -​ Ornamental Metal
-​ Site Remediation -​ Metal Restoration and Cleaning
-​ Site Preparation
-​ Earthwork DIVISION 6: WOODS AND PLASTICS
-​ Tunneling, Boring and Jacking -​ Basic Wood and Plastic Materials
-​ Foundation and Load-Bearing and Methods
Elements -​ Rough Carpentry
-​ Utility Services -​ Finish Carpentry
-​ Drainage and Containment -​ Architectural Woodwork
-​ Site Improvements and Amenities -​ Structural Plastics
 -​ Plastic Fabrications -​ Manufactured Exterior Specialties
-​ Wood and Plastic Restoration and -​ Identification Devices
Cleaning -​ Fire Protection Specialties

DIVISION 7: THERMAL AND MOISTURE DIVISION 11: EQUIPMENT

-​ Basic Thermal and Moisture -​ Maintenance Equipment
Protection Materials and Methods -​ Security and Vault Equipment
-​ Damproofing (Damp proofing) and -​ Teller and Service Equipment
Waterproofing -​ Library Equipment
-​ Thermal Protection -​ Theater and Stage Equipment
-​ Shingles, Roof Tiles and Roof Cover -​ Registration Equipment
-​ Roofing and Siding Panels -​ Mercantile Equipment
-​ Membrane Roofing -​ Audio-Visual Equipment
-​ Flashing and Sheet Metal -​ Vehicle Service Equipment

DIVISION 8: DOORS AND WINDOWS DIVISION 12: FURNISHING

-​ Basic Door and Window Materials -​ Fabrics
and Methods -​ Art
-​ Metal Doors and Frames -​ Manufactured Casework
-​ Wood and Plastic Doors -​ Furnishings and Accessories
-​ Specialty Doors -​ Furniture
-​ Entrances and Storefronts -​ Multiple Seating
-​ Windows -​ Systems Furniture
-​ Skylights -​ Interior Plants and Planters
-​ Glazing -​ Furnishings Restoration and Repair

DIVISION 9: FINISHES DIVISION 13: SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

-​ Basic Finish Materials and Methods -​ Special Purpose Rooms
-​ Metal Support Assemblies -​ Sound, Vibration, and Seismic
-​ Plaster and Gypsum Board Control
-​ Tile -​ Radiation Protection
-​ Ceilings -​ Lightning Protection
-​ Flooring -​ Pre-Engineered Structures
-​ Acoustical Treatment -​ Swimming Pools
-​ Paints and Coatings -​ Aquariums
-​ Terrazo (Terrazzo) -​ Aquatic Park Facilities
-​ Ice Rinks
DIVISION 10: SPECIALTIES
-​ Visual Display Boards DIVISION 14: CONVEYING SYSTEMS
-​ Compartments and Cubicles -​ Dumbwaiters
-​ Louvers and Vents -​ Elevators
-​ Grilles and Screens -​ Escalators and Moving Walks
-​ Service Walls -​ Lifts
-​ Fireplaces and Stoves -​ Material Handling
 -​ Hoists and Cables ■​ BILL OF MATERIALS
-​ Turntables ■​ SPECIFICATIONS
-​ Scaffolding ○​ SUBDIVISION PERMIT
-​ Transportation ○​ CITY/LOCAL PERMIT
—————————————————————
DIVISION 15: MECHANICAL DIVISION 2
-​ Basic Mechanical SITE WORKS
-​ Building Service Piping
-​ Process Piping EXCAVATION
-​ Fire Protection Piping ●​ Foundation
-​ Plumbing Fixtures and Equipment ●​ Column and Wall Footings
-​ Heat-Generation Equipment ●​ Retaining Wall
-​ Refrigeration Equipment ●​ Drainage System
-​ Air Distribution *All excavation must be secured and
-​ HVAC Instrumentation and Controls protected

DIVISION 16: ELECTRICAL

-​ Basic Electrical Materials
-​ Wiring Methods
-​ Electrical Power
-​ Transmission and Distribution
-​ Low-Voltage Distribution
-​ Lighting PROTECTION OF ADJOINING PROPERTY
-​ Communications

———————————————————
DIVISION 1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Administrative Requirements
●​ FORMS/PERMITS
-​ BUILDING PERMIT
-​ COMPLETE SETS TYPES of TERMITE CONTROL
OF PLANS ●​ TYPE 1 Liquid Termite Concentrate
●​ Architectural -​ This type of toxicant shall be
Plans (A) specified for drenching soil
●​ Structural beneath foundations of the
Plans (S) proposed building.
●​ Electrical ●​ TYPE 2 Liquid Termicide Ready
Plans (E) Mixed Solution
●​ Plumbing -​ This type of toxicant which
Plans (P) comes in ready mixed
●​ Mechanical solution shall be used as
Plans (M) wood preservative by
 drenching wood surfaces to ●​ Excavator
the point of run-off.
●​ TYPE 3 Powder Termicide
-​ This type of toxicant shall be
applied to visible or
suspected subterranean
termite mounds and tunnels
where termites are
exterminated through
exchange method or
nourishment between
termites.
●​ Dumping Truck
SOIL POISONING TREATMENT
●​ Cordoning - when no visible
evidence of termite infestation
●​ Drenching - when soil show termite
infestation

Construction Equipments
●​ TLB (Tractor Loader Backhoes or
Tractor-loader-backhoes)
●​ Scooptram

●​ Front END Loader

●​ Forklift

Construction Equipments
Construction Equipments ●​ Tower Crane
●​ Bobcat

●​ Grader
●​ Mobile Crane

●​ Reach Truck

●​ Bulldozer

●​ Roller
———————————————————
walkway and
DIVISION 3 lean concrete
CONCRETE
CONCRETE TEST
●​ SLUMP TEST
ACRONYMS
●​ COMPRESSION TEST
●​ ASTM (American Society for Testing
Materials)
CONCRETE TEST
●​ ACI (American Concrete Institute)
●​ POI (Pre-Stressed Concrete
Institute)
●​ AWS (American Welding Society)
●​ AISC (American Institute of Steel
Construction)

TYPES OF CONCRETE

CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONS

SLUMP TEST
CLAS PROPORTIO USES
S N

Pre-Stressed
AAA 1:1:2 and Post -
Tensioned

Underwater
retaining wall,
AA 1 : 1.5 : 3 shear wall and
elevator core
walls Slump Test Consistency
Footings, pier,
A 1:2:4 columns, DESCRIPTION MAXIMU MINIMUM
girders, M
beams, joists
and slabs Slabs, beams, 150mm 75mm
thin reinforced (6”) (3”)
B 1 : 2.5 : 5 Slabs on fill walls & bldg.
and non-load columns
bearing wall or
4” CHB Reinforced 125mm 50mm
foundation (5”) (2”)
C 1:3:6 Concrete plant walls and
boxes and footings
parapet walls
Plain Footings, 100mm 25mm
D 1 : 3.5 : 7 Plant boxes, caisson, and (4”) (1”)
footpaths, substructure
 Concrete Formworks
walls

Pavements and 75mm 25mm

floor laid on (3”) (1”)
ground

Heavy mass 75mm 25mm

construction (3”) (1”)

CONCRETE SAMPLES
Removal of Concrete Formworks
●​ 3 Days - Columns, shear and
bearing walls
●​ 21 Days - Stairs (bottom forms)
●​ 21 Days - Beams and Slab (bottom
forms)
—————————————————————
DIVISION 4
MASONRY

TYPES OF MORTAR ACCORDING TO

Concrete Compression Test STRENGTH
-​ Used to determine a material’s
behavior under applied crushing TYPE STRENGTH
loads
M HIGH STRENGTH MORTAR
(2500 psi / 17,238 kPa)

S MEDIUM HIGH STRENGTH

(1800 psi / 12,411 kPa)

N MEDIUM STRENGTH
(750 psi / 5,171 kPa)

O LOW STRENGTH
Interior non-load bearing walls
and partitions
Concrete Formworks
K VERY LOW STRENGTH
Interior non-load bearing walls
permitted by NBCP
 MORTAR & PLASTER MIXTURE PROPORTION

CEMENT
CLASS PROPORTION SAND
40 KG 50 KG

A 1:2 18 14.5 1

B 1:3 12 9.5 1

C 1:4 9 7 1

D 1:5 7.5 6 1

TYPES OF CHB
PICTURE DESCRIPTION PICTURE DESCRIPTION

6” HALF BLOCK​ 6” BEAM BLOCK​

140 x 140 x 190mm 140 x 190 x 130mm
400 to 1500psi 1000 to 1500psi

SINGLE END DOUBLE END BLOCK​

BLOCK​ 140 x 190 x 390mm
140 x 190 x 390mm 400 to 1500psi
400 to 1500psi

6” STRETCHER
6” L- CORNER 140 x 190 x 390mm
BLOCK 1000 to 1500psi
700 to 1500psi
PICTURE DESCRIPTION PICTURE DESCRIPTION

4” STRETCHER​ 8” STRETCHER​
90 x 190 x 390mm 190 x 190 x 390mm
400 to 1500psi 400 to 1500psi

8”2- CORE
LOUVER BLOCK​ STRETCHER​
125 x 150 x 300mm 190 x 190 x 390mm
400 to 1500psi

4” HALF BLOCK
8” HALF BLOCK 90 x 140 x 190mm
190 x 190 x 190mm 400 to 1500psi
400 to 1500psi

PICTURE DESCRIPTION PICTURE DESCRIPTION

8” BEAM BLOCK​ 4” STRETCHER

190 x 190 x 390mm SEALED END​
1000 to 1500psi 90 x 190 x 390mm
400 to 1500psi

6” STRETCHER
SEALED END​
140 x 190 x 390mm
400 to 1500psi
MASONRY ●​ DIMENSIONS
-​ Is the term for building structures by ○​ Length = 15-1/8" (39 cm)
laying individual units (brick, stone, ○​ Height = 7-5/8" (19 cm)
concrete block) and binding them ○​ Side Thickness (a) = 1-1/4"
(by cement mortar and rebar). In the (3.2 cm)
Philippines, CHB laying is the ○​ Center Thickness (b) = 1”
common masonry (2.5 cm)
●​ PROPERTIES
USING CHB WALLS
●​ MAIN COMPONENTS
○​ CONCRETE HOLLOW
BLOCKS
-​ The basic building
blocks
○​ MORTAR
-​ Binds the structure
together.
-​ Along with CHB,
provides the
compressive strength
and other properties
of concrete.
○​ REBAR
-​ Holds the wall
together like a net.
-​ Provides tensile ●​ FOR NON-LOAD BEARING
strength. BLOCKS
●​ ADVANTAGES -​ Compressive Strength >= 400psi
○​ Strong and Durable ●​ PATTERN & ARRANGEMENT
○​ Fire Resistant ○​ RUNNING BOND
○​ Weather Resistant ■​ The staggered
○​ Sound Barrier arrangement gives
○​ Materials are available stability and strength
everywhere ■​ Easy to execute
●​ DISADVANTAGES on-site
○​ Complex ○​ STACK BOND
○​ Labor Intensive ■​ Has decorative
appeal
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS ■​ Not commonly used
●​ CHB 6” and CHB 4” are the ■​ Requires more
common types available in the reinforcement
market. compared to the
​ running bond.
 ●​ CHB 6” ASTM STANDARD
○​ 6” (15 cm)
ASTM STANDARD UNS NO.
○​ Used for:
■​ Exterior Walls A126
■​ Septic Tanks Gray Iron Casings
■​ Toilet & Bath Walls for Valves, Flanges
■​ Tall Fences and Pipe Fittings
●​ CHB 4”
Grade A F11501
○​ 4” (10 cm) Grade B F12102
○​ Used for:
■​ Interior Walls A131
■​ Low Walls Structural Steel for
Ships
———————————————————
Grade A K02300
DIVISION 5 Grade B K02102
METALS Grade D & E K02101

ASTM STANDARD A134

Electric-Fusion(Arc)
ASTM STANDARD UNS NO. -Welded Steel Pipe

A36 K02600 A139

Structural Steel Electric-Fusion(Arc)
-Welded Steel Pipe
A48 F11701
Gray Cast Iron Grade B K03003
Casings Class No. Grade C K03004
25
A167
A53 Stainless and
Welded and Heat-Resisting
Seamless Steel Cr-Ni Steel Plate
Pipe Sheet and Strip

Grade A K02504 Grade 304 S30400

Grade B K03005 Grade 304L S30403
Grade 316 S31600
A105 Grade 316L S31603
Carbon Steel K03504 Grade 321 S32100
Forgings for Piping Grade 347 S34700
Components

A106
Seamless C-Steel
Pipe for High Temp.
Service
Grade A K02501
Grade B K03006
ASTM STANDARD ASTM STANDARD
ASTM STANDARD UNS NO. ASTM STANDARD UNS NO.

A176 A182
Stainless and Forged or Rolled
Heat-Resisting Cr Alloy Steel Pipe
Steel Plate Sheet Flange, Fitting and
and Strip Valves for High
Temp. Service
Type 405 S40500
Type 410 S41000 Grade F1 K12822
Type 410S S41008 Grade F5 K42544
Grade F6a -
A178 Grade F11 K11572
C-Steel Grade F12 K11564
Electric-Resistance Grade F22 K21590
Welded Boiler Tube Grade F304 S30400
Grade F304H S30409
Grade A K01200 Grade F304L S30403
Grade C K03503 Grade F310 S31000
Grade F316 S31600
A179 Grade F316H S31609
Seamless Cold K01200 Grade F316L S31603
Drawn Low-C Steel Grade F321 S32100
H/EX and Grade F347 S34700
Condenser Tubes
A192
A181 Seamless C-Steel K01201
C-Steel Forgings Boiler Tubes for
for General High Pressure
Purpose Piping Service

Class 60 K03502 A193

Class 70 Alloy Steel Bolting
Material for High
Temp. Service

Grade B6 S41000
Grade B7 G41400

Grade B7M G41400

Grade B8 S30400
Grade B8C S34700
Grade B8M S31600
Grade B8T S32100
Grade B16 K14072
ASTM STANDARD ASTM STANDARD
ASTM STANDARD UNS NO. ASTM STANDARD UNS NO.

A194 A209
C-and Alloy Steel Seamless C-Mo
Nuts for Bolts for Steel Boiler and
High Temp. Service Superheater Tubes

Grade 2H K04002 Grade T1 K11522

Grade 4 K14510 Grade T1a K12023
Grade 6 S41000
Grade 6F A210
(With sulfur) Seamless
Grade 8 S30400 Medium-Carbon
Grade 8M S31600 Steel Boiler and
Superheater Tubes
A199
Seamless Cold Grade A-1 K02707
Drawn Intermediate
Alloy Steel H/EX A213
and Condenser Seamless Alloy
Tubes Steel Boiler and
Heat Exchanger
T5 K41545 Tubes
T 11 K11597
T 22 K21590
STEEL REBAR SIZES
A200 10mmø 28mmø
Seamless
Intermediate Alloy 12mmø 32mmø
Steel Still Tubes for
Refinery Service 16mmø 36mmø

T5 K41545 22mmø 40mmø

T 11 K11597
T 22 K21590 25mmø 50mmø

A203
STEEL REBAR COMMERCIAL LENGTH
Nickel Steel Boiler
Plate ●​ 6.0 m
●​ 7.5 m
Class 60 K31718 ●​ 9.0 m
Class 70 K32018 ●​ 10.5 m
●​ 12.5 m
A204
●​ 13.5 m
Mo-Steel Plates for
Boiler and Other ●​ 15.0 m
Pressure Vessels
Grade A K11820
Grade B K12020
STEEL REBAR GRADES

PNS ASTM Popular Typical Application

49:2020 Equivalent Nomenclature

Low-rise Buildings
Grade 230 Grade 33 Structural Grade and Low Loading
Conditions

Medium-rise
Grade 280 Grade 40 Intermediate Grade Structures /
Infrastructure Work

Medium & High-rise

Grade 420 Grade 60 High-Tensile Grade Structures /
Infrastructure

Medium & High-rise

Grade 520 Grade 75 High-Tensile Grade Structures /
Infrastructure

Medium & High-rise

Grade 550 Grade 80 High-Tensile Grade Structures /
Infrastructure
PNS - PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD

STEEL REBAR GRADE COLOR CODING

STEEL REBAR GRADE COLOR CODING
Ductility PNS ASTM Color
Class Standar Equival Code Ductility PNS ASTM Color
ds ent Class Standar Equival Code
ds ent
230R 33
280W 40

280R 40
Class 2 420W 60
Class 1 Weldabl
Regular 420R 60 e Steel
Steel Bar 550W 80
Bar
520R 75
* At both ends of the bar
** One color per end of the bar
550R 80
REBAR SIZE MARKINGS PLYWOOD THICKNESS

——————————————————— WOOD JOINERY

DIVISION 6
WOOD AND PLASTICS

TYPES OF PLYWOOD
COMMON TYPES OF PLASTICS
——————————————————— TYPES OF ROOFING MATERIALS
DIVISION 7
THERMAL AND MOISTURE
PROTECTION

THERMAL PROTECTION

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROOFING

MATERIALS FOR HOMES

PICTURE DESCRIPTION

CLAY TILE

Pro
Attractive
Long lasting
Low maintenance
Variety of colors
Non Combustible

Con
Heavy weight
Some colours may
fade away
Expensive
Complex to install
Walking on roof may
break tiles

MOISTURE PROTECTION SLATE TILE

Pro
Beautiful
appearance
Fireproof
Long Lasting
Low maintenance

Con
Expensive
Heavy weight
 ROOFING ACCESSORIES
METAL
GUTTER
Pro
Durability
Fire retardant
Low maintenance
Variety style and
colour
Recyclable
Can be installed
over existing roofs
ROOFING ACCESSORIES
Con
High initial cost DOWNSPOUT
May need periodic
painting
Difficult to install

METAL

Pro
Low cost
Easy to install
Variety of colours
Suitable for most
residential
applications
Easy to repair
Fire resistant

Con
Short life expectancy
(15-30 years)
High maintenance
Environmentally
unfriendly
GAUGE THICKNESS CHART
———————————————————
DIVISION 8
DOORS AND WINDOWS

TYPES OF HARDWARE
●​ Rough Hardware
○​ Defined as small items that
are used to connect, join, or
attach materials together to
create a strong foundation for
constructions and are usually
concealed in completed
work. FINISHING HARDWARE
●​ Finish Hardware
○​ Visible or exposed hardware
fittings (as locks, hinges,
fasteners, handles, plates
used in building construction)

ROUGH HARDWARE
 ———————————————————
DIVISION 9
FINISHES

TYPES OF FLOORING

TYPES OF FLOOR TILES

TYPES OF GLASS GLAZING
FLOOR TILE ACCESSORIES WALL FINISHES
●​ Wood Panelling
●​ Stained Glass Finish
●​ Sand Textured Finish
●​ Cladding
●​ Mirror Wall Finish
●​ Gypsum Finish
●​ Tile Cladding
●​ Wallpaper
●​ Paints
●​ Laminates
●​ Stone Cladding

TYPES OF PAINT

PAINT FINISHES

TYPE USE
FLOOR TILE ACCESSORIES
TILE GROUT LATEX for concrete

ACRYLIC LATEX for timber &

concrete

ENAMEL for timber

RED OXIDE for steel to

prevent rust