FINAL INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS

DRAFT
STANDARD 18276

ISO/TC 44/SC 3

Secretariat: ANSI Welding consumables — Tubular cored

electrodes for gas-shielded and non-gas-
Voting begins on:
2004-06-11 shielded metal arc welding of high-
strength steels — Classification
Voting terminates on:
2004-08-11
Produits consommables pour le soudage — Fils-électrodes fourrés pour
le soudage à l'arc avec ou sans gaz de protection des aciers à haute
résistance — Classification

RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO

SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORT-
ING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2004
ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Classification ......................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Symbols and requirements .................................................................................................................. 4
4.1 Symbol for the product/process.......................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Symbol for tensile properties of all-weld metal ................................................................................. 4
4.3 Symbol for impact properties of all-weld metal ................................................................................. 4
4.4 Symbol for chemical composition of all-weld metal ......................................................................... 5
4.5 Symbol for type of electrode core or the usability characteristics of the electrodes.................... 8
4.6 Symbol for shielding gas ..................................................................................................................... 9
4.7 Symbol for welding position ................................................................................................................ 9
4.8 Symbol for hydrogen content of deposited metal ........................................................................... 10
4.9 Symbol for conditions of post-weld heat treatment ........................................................................ 10
5 Mechanical tests ................................................................................................................................. 10
5.1 Preheating and interpass temperatures ........................................................................................... 11
5.2 Pass sequence .................................................................................................................................... 12
5.3 PWHT condition .................................................................................................................................. 12
6 Chemical analysis ............................................................................................................................... 13
7 Fillet weld test ..................................................................................................................................... 13
8 Retest ................................................................................................................................................... 14
9 Technical delivery conditions............................................................................................................ 14
10 Examples of designations.................................................................................................................. 14
Annex A (informative) Classification systems............................................................................................... 16
Annex B (informative) Description of composition designations for electrodes in the
classification system based upon tensile strength and average impact energy of 27 J ............ 19
Annex C (informative) Description of types of electrode core in the classification system based
upon yield strength and average impact energy of 47 J................................................................. 20
Annex D (informative) Descriptions of types of usability characteristics in the classification
system based upon tensile strength and average impact energy of 27 J .................................... 21
Annex E (informative) Notes on hydrogen content....................................................................................... 23

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 18276 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 3, Welding consumables.

iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Introduction
This International Standard proposes a classification system for tubular cored electrodes in terms of the
tensile properties, impact properties, chemical composition of the all-weld metal, type of electrode core,
shielding gas and welding position. The ratio of yield strength to tensile strength of the weld metal is generally
higher than that of the parent metal. Users should note that matching weld metal yield strength to parent metal
yield strength will not necessarily ensure that the weld metal tensile strength matches that of the parent metal.
Where the application requires matching tensile strength, therefore, selection of the consumable should be
made by reference to column 3 of Table 1A or Table 1B.

It should be noted that the mechanical properties of all-weld metal test specimens used to classify tubular
cored electrodes will differ from those obtained with production joints because of differences in welding
procedure such as electrode size, width of weave, welding position and parent metal composition.

The classification in accordance with system A is mainly based on EN 12535:2000, Welding consumables —
Tubular cored electrodes for gas shielded metal arc welding of high strength steels — Classification. The
classification in accordance with system B is mainly based upon standards used around the Pacific Rim.

Requests for official interpretation of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the
Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 3 via the user's national standardization body. A complete listing of these bodies
can be found at <http://www.iso.org>.

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved v

FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Welding consumables — Tubular cored electrodes for gas-

shielded and non-gas-shielded metal arc welding of high-
strength steels — Classification

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements for classification of tubular cored electrodes with or without
a gas shield for metal arc welding of high-strength steels in the as-welded condition or in the post-weld heat-
treated condition with a minimum yield strength higher than 550 MPa or a minimum tensile strength higher
than 590 MPa. One tubular cored electrode can be tested and classified with different shielding gases, if used
with more than one.

This document is a combined specification providing classification utilizing a system based upon the yield
strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the
tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal.

1) Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter “A” are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes
classified under the system based upon the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of
the all-weld metal given in this International Standard.

2) Subclauses and tables which carry the suffix letter “B” are applicable only to tubular cored electrodes
classified under the system based upon the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of
the all-weld metal given in this International Standard.

3) Subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix letter “A” or the suffix letter “B” are
applicable to all tubular cored electrodes classified under this International Standard.

It is recognized that the operating characteristics of tubular cored electrodes can be modified by the use of
pulsed current but, for the purposes of this International Standard, pulsed current is not used for determining
the electrode classification.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units — Part 0: General principles

ISO 544, Welding consumables — Technical delivery conditions for welding filler materials — Type of product,
dimensions, tolerances and markings

ISO 3690, Welding and allied processes — Determination of hydrogen content in ferritic steel arc weld metal

ISO 6847, Welding consumables — Deposition of a weld metal pad for chemical analysis

ISO 6947:1990, Welds — Working positions — Definitions of angles of slope and rotation

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

ISO 13916, Welding — Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and
preheat maintenance temperature

ISO 14175:1997, Welding consumables — Shielding gases for arc welding and cutting

ISO 14344, Welding and allied processes — Flux and gas shielded electrical welding processes —
Procurement guidelines for consumables

ISO 15792-1:2000, Welding consumables — Test methods — Part 1: Test methods for all-weld metal test
specimens in steel, nickel and nickel alloys

ISO 15792-3, Welding consumables — Test methods — Part 3: Classification testing of positional capacity
and root penetration of welding consumables in a fillet weld

3 Classification
Classification designations are based upon two approaches to indicate the tensile properties and the impact
properties of the all-weld metal obtained with a given electrode. The two designation approaches include
additional designators for some other classification requirements, but not all, as will be clear from the following
subclauses. In most cases, a given commercial product can be classified under both systems. Then either or
both classification designations can be used for the product.

The classification includes all-weld metal properties obtained with a tubular cored electrode and appropriate
shielding gas combination as given below. With the exception of the symbol for welding position, which is
based on ISO 15792-3, the classification of gas-shielded tubular cored electrodes is based on an electrode
size of 1,2 mm or, if this size is not manufactured, the next larger diameter manufactured, and the
classification of self-shielded tubular cored electrodes is based on a diameter of 2,4 mm or the largest
diameter manufactured if less than 2,4 mm.

3.1A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 3.1B Classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

The classification designation is divided into nine The classification designation is divided into nine
parts: parts:

1) the first part (T) indicates a tubular cored 1) the first part (T) indicates a tubular cored
electrode; electrode;

2) the second part gives a symbol indicating the 2) the second part gives a symbol indicating the
strength and elongation of the all-weld metal in strength and elongation of the all-weld metal in
the as-welded or post-weld heat-treated either the as-welded or the post-weld heat-
condition (see Table 1A); treated condition (see Table 1B);

3) the third part gives a symbol indicating the 3) the third part gives a symbol indicating the
impact properties of the all-weld metal (see impact properties of the all-weld metal (see
Table 2); Table 2). The symbol “U”, added as an optional
supplemental designator at or near the end of
the complete tubular cored electrode
designation, indicates that the deposit meets an
average optional requirement of 47 J at the
designated Charpy test temperature;

4) the fourth part gives a symbol indicating the 4) the fourth part gives a symbol indicating the
chemical composition of the all-weld metal (see usability characteristics of the electrode (see
Table 3A); Table 4B);

2 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

5) the fifth part gives a symbol indicating the type 5) the fifth part gives a symbol indicating the
of electrode core (see Table 4A); welding position (see Table 5B);

6) the sixth part gives a symbol indicating the 6) the sixth part gives a symbol indicating the
shielding gas (see 4.6 and 4.6A); shielding gas (see 4.6 and 4.6B);

7) the seventh part gives a symbol indicating the 7) the seventh part gives a symbol indicating
welding position (see Table 5A); whether the classification tests were conducted
in the as-welded condition (A) or the post-weld
heat-treated condition (P);

8) the eighth part gives a symbol indicating the 8) the eighth part gives a symbol indicating the
hydrogen content of the deposited metal (see chemical composition of the all-weld metal (see
Table 6); Table 3B);

9) the ninth part gives a symbol indicating the 9) the ninth part gives a symbol indicating the
post-weld heat treatment if this is applied (see hydrogen content of the deposited metal (see
4.9A). Table 6).

Electrodes may be classified under any number of classifications for either or both the as-welded and post-
weld heat-treated condition.

In both systems, the electrode classification shall include all the compulsory section and may include the
optional section, as outlined below.

3.2A Compulsory and optional sections in 3.2B Compulsory and optional sections in
the classification by yield strength and 47 J the classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

a) Compulsory section a) Compulsory section

This section includes the symbols for the type of This section includes the symbols for the type of
product, the strength and elongation, the impact product, the strength and elongation in the as-
properties, the chemical composition, the type of welded condition or post-weld heat-treated
electrode core, the shielding gas and the post-weld condition, the welding positions for which the
heat treatment, i.e. the symbols defined in 4.1, 4.2, electrode is suitable, the usability characteristics,
4.3A, 4.4, 4.5A, 4.6 and 4.9A. the shielding gas, the impact properties and the
chemical composition, i.e. the symbols defined in
4.1, 4.2, 4.3B, 4.4, 4.5B, 4.6, 4.7 and 4.9B.

b) Optional section b) Optional section

This section includes the symbols for the welding This section includes the symbol “U” to indicate that
positions for which the electrode is suitable and the the weld metal will have an average of 47 J impact
symbol for hydrogen content, i.e. the symbols energy at the classification test temperature and the
defined in 4.7 and 4.8. symbol for hydrogen content, i.e. the symbol “U”
defined in 4.3B and the symbols defined in 4.8.

The full designation (see Clause 10) shall be used on packages and in the manufacturer’s literature and data
sheets.

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

4 Symbols and requirements

4.1 Symbol for the product/process

The symbol for the tubular cored electrodes used in the metal arc welding process is the letter T.

4.2 Symbol for tensile properties of all-weld metal

The symbol in Table 1A or 1B indicates the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the all-weld metal,
determined in accordance with Clause 5.

Table 1A — Symbol for tensile properties of Table 1B — Symbol for tensile properties of
all-weld metal (classification by yield strength all-weld metal (classification by tensile strength
and 47 J impact energy) and 27 J impact energy)

Minimum Tensile Minimum Minimum Tensile Minimum

yield strength elongation b yield strength elongation b
Symbol strength a Symbol strength a
MPa MPa % MPa MPa %

59 490 590 to 790 16

55 550 640 to 820 18
62 530 620 to 820 15
62 620 700 to 890 18
69 600 690 to 890 14
69 690 770 to 940 17
76 680 760 to 960 13
79 790 880 to 1 080 16
78 680 780 to 980 13
89 890 940 to 1 180 15
83 745 830 to 1 030 12
a For yield strength, the lower yield (ReL) is used when a For yield strength, the lower yield (ReL) is used when
yielding occurs, otherwise the 0,2 % proof strength(Rp0,2) is yielding occurs, otherwise the 0,2 % proof strength (Rp0,2) is
used. used.
b Gauge length is equal to five times the test specimen b Gauge length is equal to five times the test specimen
diameter. diameter.

4.3 Symbol for impact properties of all-weld metal

4.3A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 4.3B Classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

The symbols in Table 2 indicate the temperature at The symbols in Table 2 indicate the temperature at
which an impact energy of 47 J is achieved under which an impact energy of 27 J is achieved in the
the conditions given in Clause 5. Three test as-welded condition or in the post-weld heat-treated
specimens shall be tested. Only one individual condition under the conditions given in Clause 5.
value may be lower than 47 J but not lower than Five test specimens shall be tested. The lowest and
32 J. highest values obtained shall be disregarded. Two
of the three remaining values shall be greater than
the specified 27 J level, one of the three may be
lower but shall not be less than 20 J. The average
of the three remaining values shall be at least 27 J.
Three test specimens shall be tested when the
optional symbol “U” is used to indicate that the weld
deposit will meet a minimum impact energy of 47 J
at the test temperature. The impact value shall be
determined by the average of the three test
specimens. The average of the three values shall
be 47 J or greater.

4 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

When an all-weld metal has been classified for a certain temperature, it automatically covers any higher
temperature in Table 2.

Table 2 — Symbol for impact properties of all-weld metal

Temperature for minimum average

Symbol impact energy of 47 J a, b or 27 J b
°C

Z No requirements

Aa or Yb + 20

0 0

2 − 20
3 − 30
4 − 40
5 − 50
6 − 60
7 − 70
8 − 80
a See 4.3A.
b See 4.3B.

4.4 Symbol for chemical composition of all-weld metal

The symbols in Table 3A or Table 3B indicate the chemical composition of the all-weld metal, determined in
accordance with Clause 6.

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 5

6
Table 3A — Symbol for chemical composition of all-weld metal (classification by yield strength and 47 J impact energy)

Chemical composition, % (by mass) a, b, c

Symbol
C Mn Si P S Ni Cr Mo V

Z Any other agreed composition

ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

MnMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 to 2,0 0,90 0,020 0,020 0,3 0,2 0,3 to 0,6 0,05

Mn1Ni 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 to 2,0 0,90 0,020 0,020 0,6 to1,2 0,2 0,2 0,05

Mn1,5Ni 0,03 to 0,10 1,1 to 1,8 0,90 0,020 0,020 1,3 to 1,8 0,2 0,2 0,05

Mn2,5Ni 0,03 to 0,10 1,1 to 2,0 0,90 0,020 0,020 2,1 to 3,0 0,2 0,2 0,05

1NiMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 0,90 0,020 0,020 0,6 to 1,2 0,2 0,3 to 0,6 0,05

1,5NiMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 0,90 0,020 0,020 1,2 to 1,8 0,2 0,3 to 0,7 0,05

2NiMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 0,90 0,020 0,020 1,8 to 2,6 0,2 0,3 to 0,7 0,05

Mn1NiMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 to 2,0 0,90 0,020 0,020 0,6 to 1,2 0,2 0,3 to 0,7 0,05

Mn2NiMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 to 2,0 0,90 0,020 0,020 1,8 to 2,6 0,2 0,3 to 0,7 0,05

Mn2NiCrMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 to 2,0 0,90 0,020 0,020 1,8 to 2,6 0,3 to 0,6 0,3 to 0,6 0,05

Mn2Ni1CrMo 0,03 to 0,10 1,4 to 2,0 0,90 0,020 0,020 1,8 to 2,6 0,6 to 1,0 0,3 to 0,6 0,05
a Single values shown in the table are maximum values.
b The results shall be rounded to the same number of significant figures as in the specified value, using rule A in Annex B of ISO 31-0:1992.
c Cu u 0,3, Nb u 0,05

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

 Table 3B — Symbol for chemical composition of all-weld metal (classification by tensile strength and 27 J impact energy)

Chemical composition, % (by mass) a, b, c, d

Symbol
C Mn Si P S Ni Cr Mo V

3M2 0,15 1,25 to 2,00 0,80 0,030 0,030 0,90 — 0,25 to 0,55 —

4M2 0,15 1,65 to 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 0,90 — 0,25 to 0,55 —

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

3M3 0,15 1,00 to 1,75 0,80 0,030 0,030 0,90 — 0,40 to 0,70 —

N2M1 0,15 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 0,40 to 1,50 0,20 0,35 0,05

N2M2 0,15 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 0,40 to 1,50 0,20 0,20 to 0,65 0,05

N3M1 0,15 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 1,00 to 2,00 0,20 0,35 0,05

N3M2 0,15 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 1,25 to 2,25 0,20 0,20 to 0,65 0,05

N4M1 0,12 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 1,75 to 2,75 0,20 0,35 0,05

N4M2 0,15 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 1,75 to 2,75 0,20 0,20 to 0,65 0,05

N4C1M2 0,15 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 1,75 to 2,75 0,20 to 0,60 0,20 to 0,65 0,05

N4C2M2 0,15 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 1,75 to 2,75 0,60 to 1,00 0,20 to 0,65 0,05

N6C1M4 0,12 2,25 0,80 0,030 0,030 2,50 to 3,50 1,00 0,40 to 1,00 0,05

N3C1M2 0,10 to 0,25 1,75 0,80 0,030 0,030 0,75 to 2,00 0,20 to 0,70 0,15 to 0,65 0,05

G 1,75 min. e 0,80 min. e 0,030 0,030 0,50 min. e 0,30 min. e 0,20 min. e 0,10 min. e
a Single values shown in the table are maximum values.
b The results shall be rounded to the same number of significant figures as in the specified value, using rule A in Annex B of ISO 31-0:1992.
c The weld metal shall be analysed for the specific elements for which values are shown in this table. Other elements listed without specified values shall be reported, if intentionally added.
The total of these latter unspecified elements and all other elements not intentionally added shall not exceed 0,50 %.
d Al u 1,8 for self-shielded electrodes.
e In order to meet the alloy requirements of G, the all-weld metal shall have at least one of the elements listed in the table. Additional chemical-composition requirements may be agreed
between purchaser and supplier.

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4.5 Symbol for type of electrode core or the usability characteristics of the electrodes

4.5A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 4.5B Classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

The symbols in Table 4A indicate the different types The symbols in Table 4B indicate the usability
of tubular cored electrode relative to their core characteristics of the electrode.
composition and slag characteristics. Manufacturers
shall provide information on recommended polarity.

Table 4A — Symbol for type of electrode core

(classification by yield strength and 47 J impact
energy)

Symbol Characteristics

R Slow-freezing rutile slag

P Fast-freezing rutile slag
B Basic
M Metal powder
Z Other types
NOTE A description of the characteristics of each of the
types of core is given in Annex C.

Table 4B — Usability characteristics (classification by tensile strength and 27 J impact energy)

Usability Shielding Operating Transfer of Type of Welding

Characteristics
designator gas polarity droplet core position a
Low spatter loss, flat to slightly convex bead
T1 Required d.c.(+) Spray type Rutile 0 or 1
and high deposition rates
Very high deposition rates, excellent
Not Globular
T4 d.c.(+) Basic 0 resistance to hot cracking and low
required type
penetration
Slightly convex bead, a thin slag without
Globular Lime- completely covering the weld bead, good
T5 Required d.c.(+) 0 or 1
type fluoride impact properties and hot and cold crack
resistance compared with “T1”
Small
Not Not High deposition rates and excellent
T7 d.c.(-) droplet to 0 or 1
required specified resistance to hot cracking
spray type
Small
Not Not Very good low-temperature impact
T8 d.c.(-) droplet or 0 or 1
required specified properties
spray type
Not recommended on thicknesses greater
Not Not
T11 d.c.(-) Spray type 0 or 1 than 19 mm without maintaining preheat and
required specified
interpass temperature control
Very fine
Core consisting of metal alloys and iron
T15 Required d.c.(+) droplet Metal 0 or 1
powder, and minimal slag cover
spray type
TG b As agreed between purchaser and supplier
NOTE A description of the usability characteristics of the electrodes is given in Annex D.
a See Table 5B.
b For electrodes that are not covered by any currently defined usability designator.

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

4.6 Symbol for shielding gas

The symbols M and C indicate shielding gases as described in ISO 14175:1997.

The symbol C shall be used when the classification has been performed with shielding gas ISO 14175-C1,
carbon dioxide.

The symbol N shall be used for tubular cored electrodes without an external gas shield.

4.6A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 4.6B Classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

The symbol M, for mixed gases, shall be used when The symbol M, for mixed gases, shall be used
the classification has been performed with shielding when the classification has been performed with
gas ISO 14175-M2 but without helium. shielding gas ISO 14175-M21, but restricted to
Ar + (20 to 25) % CO2.

The symbol G shall be used to indicate that some

other shielding gas was used by agreement
between supplier and purchaser.

4.7 Symbol for welding position

The symbols in Table 5A or Table 5B indicate the positions for which the electrode is suitable for classification
to ISO 18276-A or ISO 18276-B in accordance with ISO 15792-3. PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF and PG are the
symbols specified in ISO 6947:1990. See Clause 7 for test requirements.

Table 5A — Symbol for welding position Table 5B — Symbol for welding position
(classification by yield strength and 47 J (classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy) impact energy)

Symbol Welding positions a Symbol Welding positions a

1 PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF and PG 0 PA and PB

2 PA, PB, PC, PD, PE and PF 1 PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF or PG, or both

3 PA and PB a PA = Flat position

PB = Horizontal vertical position
4 PA PC = Horizontal position
PD = Horizontal overhead position
5 PA, PB and PG PE = Overhead position
a PF = Vertical up position
PA = Flat position PG = Vertical down position
PB = Horizontal vertical position
PC = Horizontal position
PD = Horizontal overhead position
PE = Overhead position
PF = Vertical up position
PG = Vertical down position

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 9

ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

4.8 Symbol for hydrogen content of deposited metal

The symbols in Table 6 indicate the hydrogen content determined in accordance with the method given in
ISO 3690.

Table 6 — Symbol for hydrogen content of deposited metal

Hydrogen content
Symbol max.
in ml/100 g of deposited metal
H5 5
H10 10
H15 15

When the letter H is included in the classification, the manufacturer shall state in its literature whether the
maximum hydrogen level achieved is 15 ml, 10 ml or 5 ml per 100 g of deposited metal, and what restrictions
need to be placed on the conditions of storage and on current, arc voltage, electrode extension, polarity and
shielding gas to remain within this limit.

Diffusible hydrogen shall be determined in accordance with ISO 3690.

4.9 Symbol for conditions of post-weld heat treatment

4.9A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 4.9B Classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

The letter T indicates that strength, elongation and If the electrode has been classified in the as-welded
impact properties in the classification of the all-weld condition, the symbol A shall be added to the
metal fulfil the classification criteria after a post-weld classification. If the electrode has been classified in
heat treatment. The post-weld heat-treated the post-weld heat-treated condition, the conditions
conditions shall be as specified in 5.3A. of the post-weld heat treatment shall be as specified
in 5.3B, and the symbol P shall be added to the
classification. If the electrode has been classified in
both conditions, the symbol AP shall be added to the
classification.

5 Mechanical tests
Tensile and impact tests shall be carried out on the weld metal in the as-welded condition or in the post-weld
heat-treated condition using a type 1.3 all-weld metal test assembly in accordance with ISO 15792-1:2000,
using a 1,2 mm electrode in the case of gas-shielded electrodes or, if this size is not manufactured, the next
larger diameter manufactured, and 2,4 mm in the case of self-shielded electrodes, or the largest size
manufactured if less than 2,4 mm, and welding conditions and PWHT conditions as described below in 5.1A
or 5.1B, 5.2, and 5.3A or 5.3B

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

5.1 Preheating and interpass temperatures

5.1A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 5.1B Classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

Welding of the all-weld metal test specimen shall be Preheating and interpass temperatures shall be
executed in a temperature range from 120 °C to selected for the appropriate weld metal type from
180 °C, with the exception of the first layer in the Table 7B. The preheating and interpass
test assembly which may be welded without temperature shall be measured using temperature
preheat. The interpass temperature shall be indicator crayons, surface thermometers or
measured using temperature indicator crayons, thermocouples (see ISO 13916).
surface thermometers or thermocouples (see
ISO 13916).

The interpass temperature shall not exceed 180 °C. The interpass temperature shall not exceed the
If, after any pass, this interpass temperature is maximum temperature indicated in Table 7B. If,
exceeded, the test assembly shall be cooled in air to after any pass, this interpass temperature is
a temperature within the limits of the interpass exceeded, the test assembly shall be cooled in air to
temperature. a temperature within the limits indicated. If below
the interpass temperature, reheat to within the
limits.

Table 7B — Preheating and interpass

temperatures (classification by tensile strength
and 27 J impact energy)

Preheat Interpass
Symbol for temperature temperature
composition
°C °C

3M2, 4M2, 3M3,

N2M1, N2M2,
N3M1, N3M2,
100 min. 150 ± 15
N4M1, N4M2,
N4C1M2, N4C2M2,
N6C1M4, N3C1M2
Preheat and interpass
G temperature shall be as agreed
between purchaser and supplier.

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

5.2 Pass sequence

The procedures used for the welding of multi-run test assemblies shall conform to the requirements given in
Table 8A or Table 8B.

Table 8A — Pass and layer sequence Table 8B — Pass and layer sequence
(classification by yield strength and 47 J (classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy) impact energy)

Passes per layer Welding Required Passes per layer

Diameter No. of Diameter No. of
current b, c average
mm First Other a layers mm heat input First Other a layers
layer layers A kJ/mm layer layers

0,8
0,9 to 1,2 1 or 2 2 or 3 6 to 9 240 to 280 0,8 to 1,6 1 or 2 2 or 3 6 to 9
0,9
1,0
1,4 to 2,0 1 or 2 2 or 3 5 to 8 290 to 350 1,2 to 2,0 1 or 2 2 or 3 6 to 9
1,2
a The final layer may have four passes. 1,4
1,4 to 2,2 1 or 2 2 or 3 5 to 8
b The welding voltage will depend on the choice of shielding
1,6
gas.
c 2,0 1,8 to 2,4 1 or 2 2 or 3 5 to 8
The contact tube distance shall be 20 mm ± 2 mm.

2,4 2,0 to 2,6 1 or 2 2 or 3 4 to 8

2,8 2,0 to 2,8 1 or 2 2 or 3 4 to 7

3,2 2,2 to 3,0 1 or 2 2 4 to 7

a The final layer may have four passes.

5.3 PWHT condition

5.3A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 5.3B Classification by tensile strength and 27 J
impact energy impact energy

Test assemblies made with electrodes classified in Test assemblies made with electrodes classified in
the PWHT condition shall be heat treated at 560 °C the PWHT condition shall be heat treated at
to 600 °C for 1 h. The test assembly shall be left in (620 ± 15) °C for 1 h + 150 min. The furnace shall be
the furnace to cool down to 300 °C.
at a temperature not higher than 315 °C when the
test assembly is placed in it. The heating rate, from
that point to the (620 ± 15) °C holding temperature,
shall not exceed 280 °C per hour. When the holding
time has been completed, the assembly shall be
allowed to cool in the furnace to a temperature
below 315 °C at a rate not exceeding 195 °C per
hour. The assembly may be removed from the
furnace at any temperature below 315 °C and
allowed to cool in still air to room temperature.

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

6 Chemical analysis
Chemical analysis can be performed on any suitable all-weld metal test specimen. The referee method for
preparation of the specimen is ISO 6847, however. Any analytical technique can be used, but in cases of
dispute reference shall be made to established published methods.

7 Fillet weld test

The fillet weld test assembly shall be as shown in ISO 15792-3.

7A Classification by yield strength and 47 J 7B Classification by tensile strength and

impact energy 27 J impact energy

The plate material shall be selected from the range For electrodes classified by symbol 0 in Table 5B,
of materials for which the electrode is the fillet weld test shall be performed in the PB
recommended by the manufacturer, or shall be position. For electrodes classified by symbol 1 in
unalloyed steel of 0,30 % C maximum. The fillet Table 5B, the fillet weld test shall be performed in
welds shall be deposited as a single run using the the PE position, and in the PF or PG position.
diameter of electrode and welding position shown in
Table 9A. Throat thickness, leg length and The plate material shall be unalloyed steel of
convexity shall conform to the requirements of 0,30 % C maximum. The welding procedure and the
Table 9A. size of the electrode to be tested shall be as
selected by the manufacturer. The fillet welds shall
be deposited as a single pass.

Table 9A — Test requirements for fillet welds a

(classification by yield strength and 47 J impact energy)

Symbol of Electrode Throat Leg length Convexity

Test
positional size a thickness difference
position
classification
mm mm mm mm
1 or 2 PB 2,4 5,5 min. 2,0 max. 3,0 max.
3 PB 2,4 5,5 min. 2,0 max. 3,0 max.
5 PB 2,4 b 5,5 min. 2,0 max. 3,0 max.
1 or 2 PF 2,4 c 7,0 max. Not specified 2,0 max.
1, 2 or 5 PD 1,2 d 4,5 max. 1,5 max. 2,5 max.
5 PG 1,2 d 4,5 min. Not specified 1,5 max. e
a Where the largest size claimed for positional welding is smaller than that specified, use
the largest size and adjust criteria pro rata.
b Or largest size made up to 2,4 mm.
c Maximum size for which positional classification is sought.
d Or as recommended by the manufacturer.
e Maximum concavity.

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

The maximum convexity and leg length difference

shall conform to the following requirements:

a) Maximum convexity:

2,0 mm for measured fillet weld sizes less than

7,0 mm

2,5 mm for measured fillet weld sizes equal to or

more than 7,0 mm

b) Maximum leg length difference (mm):

0,5 × [fillet weld size (mm)] − 0,5

Incomplete fusion at the root of the weld shall not

exceed 20 % of the total length of the weld.

8 Retest
If any test fails to meet the requirement, that test shall be repeated twice. The results of both retests shall
meet the requirement. Specimens for the retest may be taken from the original test assembly or from a new
test assembly. For chemical analysis, retest need be only for those specific elements that failed to meet their
test requirement. If the results of one or both retests fail to meet the requirement, the material under test shall
be considered as not meeting the requirements of this specification for that classification.

In the event that, during preparation or after completion of any test, it is clearly determined that prescribed or
proper procedures were not followed in preparing the weld test assembly or test specimen(s), or in conducting
the tests, the test shall be considered invalid, without regard to whether the test was actually completed or
whether the test results met, or failed to meet, the requirement. That test shall be repeated, following proper
prescribed procedures. In this case, the requirement for doubling the number of test specimens does not
apply.

9 Technical delivery conditions

Technical delivery conditions shall meet the requirements in ISO 544 and ISO 14344.

10 Examples of designations
The designation of the tubular cored electrode shall follow the principle given in the examples below.

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10A Classification by yield strength and 10B Classification by tensile strength and
47 J impact energy 27 J impact energy

EXAMPLE 1A EXAMPLE 1B

A tubular cored electrode (T) for gas-shielded metal arc A tubular cored electrode (T) for gas-shielded metal arc
welding deposits a weld metal with a minimum yield welding deposits a weld metal with a minimum tensile
strength of 620 MPa (62) and a minimum average impact strength of 690 MPa (69) and a minimum average impact
energy of 47 J at − 50 °C (5) in the as-welded condition energy of 27 J at − 50 °C (5) in the as-welded condition
and has a chemical composition of 1,7 % Mn, 1,4 % Ni (A). The symbol “U”, added as an optional supplemental
(Mn1,5Ni). The electrode with a basic type of core (B) was designator, indicates that the deposit also meets a
tested under mixed gas (M) and can be used in all minimum optional requirement of 47 J at the designated
positions (1). Hydrogen, determined in accordance with Charpy test temperature (− 50 °C). The electrode with a
ISO 3690, does not exceed 5 ml/100 g of deposited metal usability designator (T5) was tested using
(H5). Ar + (20 to 25) % CO2 (M) and can be used in all
positions (1). The weld deposit has a chemical
composition of 1,7 % Mn, 1,4 % Ni (N3M1). Hydrogen,
determined in accordance with ISO 3690, does not
exceed 5 ml/100 g of deposited metal (H5).

The designation will be: The designation will be:

ISO 18276-A - T62 5 Mn1,5Ni B M 1 H5 ISO 18276-B - T695T5-1MA-N3M1-UH5

Compulsory section: Compulsory section:

ISO 18276-A - T62 5 Mn1,5Ni B M ISO 18276-B - T695T5-1MA-N3M1

where where

ISO 18276-A = International Standard number, with ISO 18276-B = International Standard number, with
classification by yield strength and 47 J impact energy; classification by tensile strength and 27 J impact energy;

T = tubular cored electrode/metal arc welding (see 4.1); T = tubular cored electrode/metal arc welding (see 4.1);

62 = strength properties (see Table 1A); 69 = tensile properties (see Table 1B);

5 = impact properties (see Table 2); 5 = impact properties, 27 J minimum (see Table 2);

Mn1,5Ni = chemical composition of all-weld metal (see T5 = usability designator (see Table 4B);
Table 3A);

B = type of electrode core (see Table 4A); 1 = welding position (see Table 5B);

M = shielding gas (see 4.6); M = shielding gas (see 4.6);

4 = welding position (see Table 5A); A = tested in the as-welded condition;

H5 = hydrogen content (see Table 6). N3M1 = chemical composition of all-weld metal (see
Table 3B);

U = indicates (optional designator) that weld deposit in the

as-welded condition will have impact properties of 47 J
minimum at the classification test temperature;

H5 = hydrogen content (see Table 6).

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Classification systems

A.1 ISO 18276-A

The ISO 18276 classification system for tubular cored electrodes based upon yield strength and 47 J
minimum impact strength is shown in Figure A.1.

A.2 ISO 18276-B

The ISO 18276 classification system for tubular cored electrodes based upon tensile strength and 27 J
minimum impact strength is shown in Figure A.2.

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

a The combination of these designators constitutes the tubular cored electrode classification.
b These designators are optional and do not constitute part of the tubular cored electrode classification.

Figure A.1 — Classification system for tubular cored electrodes based upon yield strength and
47 J minimum impact energy

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

a The combination of these designators constitutes the tubular cored electrode classification.
b These designators are optional and do not constitute part of the tubular cored electrode classification.

Figure A.2 — Classification system for tubular cored electrodes based upon tensile strength and
27 J minimum impact energy

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Description of composition designations for electrodes in the

classification system based upon tensile strength and
average impact energy of 27 J

B.1 XMX type

For electrodes containing Mo as the only alloy element, which differentiates them from non-alloy steel
electrodes, the designation consists of an integer approximately equal to twice the nominal Mn content,
followed by the letter “M” to indicate molybdenum, and a digit to indicate the nominal Mo level, as follows:

1 = about 0,25 % Mo = low Mo

2 = about 0,4 % Mo = medium Mo

3 = about 0,5 % Mo = high Mo

4 = about 0,7 % Mo = extra-high Mo

B.2 NXMX type

For electrodes in which Ni and Mo are the only significant alloying elements, the designation consists of “N”
followed by an integer equal to about twice the nominal nickel content, and “M” followed by an integer to
indicate the nominal Mo content in accordance with B.1 above.

B.3 NXCXMX type

For electrodes containing Ni, Cr and Mo, the designation consists of “N” followed by an integer equal to about
twice the nominal Ni content, “C” followed by an integer equal to about twice the nominal Cr content, and “M”
followed by an integer to indicate the nominal Mo level in accordance with B.1 above.

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Annex C
(informative)

Description of types of electrode core in the classification system based

upon yield strength and average impact energy of 47 J

C.1 R type
Tubular cored electrodes of the R type are characterized by a spray metal transfer, low spatter loss, and a
rutile-based slag that fully covers the weld bead. These tubular cored electrodes are designed for single- and
multiple-pass welding in the flat and horizontal-vertical positions. Tubular cored electrodes of the R type are
generally designed for use with carbon dioxide as shielding gas. However, argon/carbon dioxide mixtures can
be used to improve arc transfer and reduce spatter.

C.2 P type
Tubular cored electrodes of the P type are similar to the R type, but the rutile-based slag is designed for fast-
freezing characteristics that allow welding in all positions. These tubular cored electrodes are generally
produced in smaller diameters and exhibit spray metal transfer when using carbon dioxide shielding gas. The
running characteristics can be improved with the use of argon/carbon dioxide mixtures when recommended by
the manufacturer.

C.3 B type
Tubular cored electrodes of the B type are characterized by a globular metal transfer, slightly convex bead
shape, and a slag that may or may not cover the weld bead surface. These tubular cored electrodes are
primarily used in the flat and horizontal-vertical welding positions with carbon dioxide or argon-based
shielding-gas mixtures. The slag composition consists of fluorides and alkaline earth metal oxides. Weld
deposits produced with these tubular cored electrodes have superior impact properties and crack resistance.

C.4 M type
Tubular cored electrodes of the M type are characterized by a very fine droplet spray metal transfer and
minimal slag cover. The core of these tubular cored electrodes consists of metal alloys and iron powder along
with other arc enhancers which enable these tubular cored electrodes to produce high deposition rates with an
insensitivity to lack of fusion. These tubular cored electrodes are primarily used with argon/carbon dioxide
shielding-gas mixtures in the flat and horizontal-vertical positions. However, welds in other positions are also
possible using the short-circuiting or pulsed-arc modes of transfer.

C.5 Z type
Other types not covered by these descriptions.

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Annex D
(informative)

Descriptions of types of usability characteristics in the classification

system based upon tensile strength and average impact energy of 27 J

D.1 Electrodes having a usability designator of “T1”

These electrodes have rutile-type slags and are designed for single- and multiple-pass welding using DCEP
polarity. The larger diameters (usually 2,0 mm and larger) are used for welding in the flat position and for
welding fillet welds in the horizontal position. The smaller diameters (usually 1,6 mm and smaller) are used for
welding in all positions. These electrodes are characterized by a spray transfer, low spatter loss, flat to slightly
convex bead contour, and a moderate volume of slag, which completely covers the weld bead. Electrodes of
this classification have a rutile-base slag and produce high deposition rates.

D.2 Electrodes having a usability designator of “T4”

Electrodes of this type are self-shielded, operate on DCEP, and have a globular-type transfer. The basic slag
system is designed to make very high deposition rates possible and to produce a weld that is very low in sulfur
for improved resistance to hot cracking. These electrodes produce welds with low penetration, enabling them
to be used on joints with varying gaps and for single- and multiple-pass welding.

D.3 Electrodes having a usability designator of “T5”

Electrodes of this type are used primarily for single- and multiple-pass welds in the flat position and for
welding fillet welds in the horizontal position using DCEP or DCEN, depending on the manufacturer's
recommendations. These electrodes are characterized by a globular transfer, slightly convex bead contour,
and a thin slag that may not completely cover the weld bead. They have a lime-fluoride base slag. Weld
deposits produced by these electrodes typically have impact properties and hot and cold crack resistance that
are superior to those obtained with rutile-base slags. These electrodes, using DCEN, can be used for welding
in all positions. However, the operator appeal of these electrodes is not as good as that of those with rutile-
base slags.

D.4 Electrodes having a usability designator of “T7”

Electrodes of this type are self-shielded, operate on DCEN, and have a small droplet to spray transfer. The
slag system is designed to allow the larger sizes to be used for high deposition rates in the horizontal and flat
positions, and to allow the smaller sizes to be used for all welding positions. The electrodes are used for
single- and multiple-pass welding and produce very low sulfur weld metal which is very resistant to hot
cracking.

D.5 Electrodes having a usability designator of “T8”

Electrodes of this type are self-shielded, operate on DCEN, and have a small droplet or spray-type transfer.
They are suitable for all welding positions and the weld metal has very good low-temperature notch toughness
and crack resistance. They are used for single- and multiple-pass welds.

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

D.6 Electrodes having a usability designator of “T11”

Electrodes of this type are self-shielded, operate on DCEN, and have a smooth spray-type transfer. They are
general-purpose electrodes for single- and multiple-pass welding in all positions. Their use is generally not
recommended on thicknesses greater than 19 mm, unless preheat and interpass temperature control are
maintained. The electrode manufacturer should be consulted for specific recommendations.

D.7 Electrodes having a usability designator of “T15”

The core of these tubular electrodes consists of metal alloys and iron powder along with other arc enhancers
which enable the electrodes to produce high deposition rates with good resistance to lack of fusion. They are
characterized by a very fine droplet spray metal transfer and minimal slag cover. They are primarily used with
argon/CO2 shielding-gas mixtures in the flat and horizontal-vertical positions. However, welds in other
positions are also possible using the short-circuiting or pulsed-arc modes of transfer. DCEN can also be used
to advantage in some applications.

D.8 Electrodes having a usability designator of “TG”

This designation is for electrodes that have usability characteristics not covered by any currently defined
classification. The requirements for this class are not specified. They are agreed between the purchaser and
supplier.

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 ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

Annex E
(informative)

Notes on hydrogen content

E.1 Hydrogen-induced cracks

Cracks in welded joints can be caused or significantly influenced by hydrogen. The risk of hydrogen-induced
cracks increases with rising alloy content and stress level. Such cracks generally develop after the joint has
become cold and are therefore termed cold cracks.

Under given material and stress conditions, the risk of cold cracking diminishes with decreasing hydrogen
content of the weld metal.

E.2 Hydrogen sources in tubular cored electrodes

Assuming that the external conditions are satisfactory (weld areas clean and dry), the hydrogen in the weld
metal stems from hydrogen-containing compounds in the consumables; in the case of basic tubular cored
electrodes, the water taken up by the core is the main source.

The water and hydrogen-containing compounds dissociate in the arc and give rise to atomic hydrogen which
is absorbed by the weld metal.

E.3 Effect of operating condition on hydrogen level

The manufacturer may specify boundary conditions for the tubular cored electrode diameter, and operating
conditions applicable to each hydrogen level achieved. This does not exclude more than one level arising
under different operating conditions. For example, shielding gases with high CO2 contents generally give
lower weld hydrogen levels than those with high argon contents, and this can lead to a tubular cored electrode
being differently categorized when used with different gases. Categorization of tubular cored electrodes is
intended to provide the best basis for the calculation of preheat levels, which characterizes a welding
consumable by a single hydrogen level. Hydrogen levels generally decrease with increasing electrode
extension and/or increasing arc voltage and/or with decreasing tubular cored electrode feed speed (current).
Care should be taken, however, that electrode extension and/or arc voltage and/or tubular cored electrode
feed speed (current) are not adjusted to levels outside the manufacturer’s recommended limits.

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ISO/FDIS 18276:2004(E)

ICS 25.160.20
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© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved