PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

12.ELECTROSTATICS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) The SI unit of electric flux is;
(a) N mC-1 (b) N m2C-1 (c) Nm2C (d) N m-2C-2
2) The SI unit of permittivity of free space is;
(a) N m C-1 (b) N m2 C-1 (c) N m2 C (d) N-1 m-2 C2
3) The electric field can detect;
(a) Neutrons (b) x-rays (c) -rays (d) -particles
4) The energy stored in a capacitor is equal to;
(a) CV (b) ½ CV2 (c) ½ C2V (d) ½ (CV)2
5) A unit of electric charge is;
(a) Volt (b) Henry (c) Coulomb (d) Weber
6) When area is held perpendicular to the field lines, then the magnitude of electric flux is;
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Negative (d) Neither maximum or minimum
7) Photo copier and inkjet printer are the applications of;
(a) Electronics (b) Electricity (c) Magnetism (d) Electrostatics
8) The value of relative permittivity for all given dielectric other than air or vacuum is always;
(a) Less than 1 (b) Greater than1
(c) Equal to 1 (d) Zero
9) Farad is defined as;
(a) C/V (b) A/V (c) C/J (d) J/C
10) The electric energy is measured in;
(a) Watt (b) eV (c) Kilo watt (d) Kilo watt hour
11) The force between two point charges separated by air is 4N. When separated by a medium of relative
permittivity of 2, the force between them becomes;
(a) ½ N (b) 2 N (c) 4 N (d) 8 N
12) The SI unit of Coulomb’s constant is;
(a) Nm2C2 (b) Nm-2C2 (c) Nm2C-2 (d) Nm-2C-2
13) Potential gradient is defined as;
(a) E/V (b) -V/E (c) -V/r (d) r/V
14) A dielectric material is placed between plates of parallel plate capacitor. Its capacitance increases due to;
(a) Polarization (b) Rectification
(c) Magnification (d) Increased electric field
15) In the 1st time constant RC circuit, how much charge is stored out of maximum charge ;
(a) 0.37 (b) 0.51 (c) 0.63 (d) 0.90
16) The force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at a point in a electric field is called;
(a) Faraday’s force (b) Magnetic force
(c) Coulomb’s force (d) Lorentz’s force
17) The word ZEROGRAPHY means;
(a) Writing by left hand (b) Writing by children
(c) Dry writing (d) Writing by water colour
18) Presence of dielectric always ________ the electrostatic force.
(a) Increase (b) Decrease
(c) Does not affect (d) Doubles
19) A particle having 2e change falls through a potential difference of 5V. Energy acquired by it is;
(a) 2.5 eV (b) 20 eV (c) 0.4 eV (d) 10 eV

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 Suppose you follow an electric field line of a positive charge. Do electric field and potential increases or
decreases?
Q:2 If a point charge “q” of mass “m” is released in a non-uniform electric field, will it make a rectilinear motion?
Q:3 Define electric flux and give its unit N.
Q:4 Do the electrons tend to go to a region of high potential or of low potential?
Q:5 What is force on a positive charge when placed between parallel plates with similar and equal charges?
Q:6 Define electric field.
Q:7 State Coulomb’s law.
Q:8 Electric lines of force never cross. Why?
Q:9 Is E necessarily Zero inside a charged rubber balloon. If balloon is spherical? Assume that Charge is
uniformly distributed over the surface.
Q:10 What is the effect of medium between the charges on electrostatic force?
Q:11 How can you identify that which plate of the capacitor is positively charged?
Q:12 State Gauss’s law.
Q:13 What is the Columb’s force between two similar charges if the distance between the charges is doubled?
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

Q:14 Define dielectric constant of an insulator and mention its unit.

Q:15 Define eV show that 1 eV = 1.6  10-19J.
Q:16 The potential is constant through a given region of space. Is the electric field zero or non-zero in this region?
Explain briefly.
Q:17 A capacitor of 6F is connected to a potential source of 1V. Find the energy stored in the capacitor.
Q:18 When a dielectric slab is inserted between two oppositely charged parallel plates, what happens to electric
field in the region between plates?

LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 How Millikan’s Method can be used to determine the charge on an electron?
Q:2 A particle having a charge of 20 electrons on it falls through a potential difference of 100 volts. Calculate the
energy acquired by its in electron volt.
Q:3 Define electric flux and derive expression for the electric flux through a closed sphere having a point charge
‘q’ at its center.
Q:4 Determine electric field at the position r = (4i + 3j)m caused by a point charge q = 5.0  10-6 C placed at origin.
Q:5 Find electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge.
Q:6 A particle carrying a charge of “2e” falls through a potential difference of 3.0 volts. Calculate the energy
acquired by it.
Q:7 State and explain Coulomb’s law for electrostatic charges. Give its vector form also.
Q:8 Define Gauss’s law and find electric intensity due to infinite sheet of charge by using Gauss’s law.
Q:9 A capacitor has a capacitance of 2.510-8 F. In charging process, electrons are removed from one plate and
placed on the other one. When a potential difference between the plates is 450V. How many electrons have
been transferred?
Q:10 In Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen atom, the electron is in an orbit around the nuclear proton at a distance
of 5.2910-11 m with a speed of 2.18106ms-1. Find (i) electric potential that a proton exerts at this distance
(ii) the ionization energy for the atom in eV.

13.CURRENT
ELECTRICITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) Free electrons are;
(a) Tightly bound (b) Fixed (c) Loosely bound (d) Tightly fixed
2) The value of temperature coefficient of resistance of most thermostats is;
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) Infinity
3) Which one of the following is used to find the internal resistance of a cell?
(a) Ammeter (b) Voltmeter (c) Galvanometer (d) Potentiometer
4) The power output of a lamp is 6W. How much energy does the lamp give out in 2 minutes?
(a) 3 J (b) 12 J (c) 120 J (d) 720 J
5) The proportionality constant between I and V is:
(a) P (b) R (c) 1/R (d) V
6) If the conductivity of a material is small then it is called a/an;
(a) Conductor (b) Poor conductor
(c) Good conductor (d) Insulator
7) Thermistors is a;
(a) Resistor (b) Adiabatic resistor
(c) Isothermal resistor (d) Thermally sensitive resistor
8) Maximum power delivered by the battery is;
(a) E2/4r (b) 4 r E2 (c) V I T (d) Unlimited
9) Simons is the unit of;
(a) Resistance (b) Conductance (c) Resistivity (d) Conductivity
10) The resistance of a conductor increase with:
(a) Increase in length (b) Increase in area
(c) Increase in temperature (d) Decrease in length
11) Current flows through gases due to;
(a) Electron (b) Ions
(c) Electrons & holes (d) Positive & negative ions
12) A wire of resistance R is cut into two equal parts, its resistance become R/2. Its resistivity becomes;
(a) Double (b) Half (c) One fourth (d) Same
13) EMF is always ___________ even when no current is drawn through the battery of cell.
(a) Zero (b) Present (c) absent (d) Maximum
14) The heat produced by current I in a resistor R in time t is;
(a) I R2t (b) I2 / R2t (c) I2 R2 / t (d) I2 R t
15) A rheostat can operate as a;
(a) Transformer (b) Amplifier (c) Oscillator (d) Potentiometer
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 What is resistivity and how it depends upon the temperature?
Q:2 Is the filament resistance lower or higher in 500 W, 200 V light bulb in a 100 W, 220 V bulb?
Q:3 What is Wheatstone bridge? How it can be used to determine the unknown resistance?
Q:4 Why does the resistance of a conductor rise with temperature?
Q:5 Under what conditions the terminal potential difference is greater than emf of battery?
Q:6 How can you compare emf of two cells with the help of a potentiometer?
Q:7 Does the filament of a lighted bulb obey Ohm’s law?
Q:8 Do bends in a wire affect its electrical resistance?
Q:9 Name two different effects of current?.
Q:10 Find equivalent resistance for three resistors R1, R2, and R3 when joined in (a) series, and (b) parallel.
Q:11 Draw the circuit diagram of Wheatstone bridge and write down its balancing condition.
Q:12 A potential difference is applied across the ends of copper wire. What is the effect of the drift velocity on free
electrons by increasing the potential difference?
Q:13 Give two uses of potentiometer.
Q:14 What are the difficulties in testing whether filament of lighted bulb obeys Ohm’s Law?
Q:15 What is meant by the term “Tolerance”? Explain.
Q:16 Find the resistance of a filament in 500 W, 200V light bulb.
Q:17 Briefly describe a circuit which will give a continuously varying potential.
Q:18 Compare emf of a battery and potential drop across a conductor.
Q:19 What is conventional current?

LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 What is resistivity and conductivity? Name their units. How resistivity depends upon temperature? Also
derive relation for temperature coefficient.
Q:2 A rectangular bar of iron is 2cm by 2cm in cross-section and 40 cm long. Calculate the resistance if the
resistivity of iron is 1110-8m.
Q:3 Define power dissipation in resistors and also derive an expression for it.
Q:4 How many electrons pass through an electric bulb in one minute if 300 A current is passing through it.
Q:5 What is wheat stone bridge? Describe its construction and working.

14.ELECTROMAGNETISMS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) If current flows from top towards bottom through a wire then direction of lines of force would be;
(a) Parallel to the wire (b) Clockwise
(c) Perpendicular to wire (d) Anti-clockwise
2) Magnetic field inside the teroid of radius r and total N turns carrying current l is given by:
(a)  2r/Nl (b) 0 Nl/2r (c) 2r/ Nl (d) 0 Nl r
3) An AVO-meter can also be called as;
(a) Digital ammeter (b) Digital CRO
(c) Digital voltmeter (d) Multi-meter
4) The brightness of the spot on CRO screen is controlled by;
(a) Cathode (b) Anode (c) Grid (d) Plates
5) A voltmeter is always connected in.
(a) Series (b) Parallel
(c) Perpendicular (d) Straight line
6) The magnetic force is simply a ______________ force.
(a) Reflecting (b) Deflecting (c) Restoring (d) Gravitational
7) 1 Tesla is equal to;
(a) 1NA-1 m (b) 1 NA-1 (c) 1 Nm-1 (d) 1 NA-1 m-1
8) A device that gives a pointer deflection proportional to the current through itself is called a;
(a) Voltmeter (b) Galvanometer
(c) Wattmeter (d) Potentiometer
9) To measure the current in a circuit, ammeter is always connected in;
(a) Parallel (b) Series (c) Both a & b (d) Neither a nor b

10) The mathematical expression = 0 I is known as;

(a) Len’s law (b) Ampere’s law
(c) Gauss’s law (d) Faraday’s law
11) The sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by;
(a) Decreasing the area of coil (b) Decreasing the number of turns of the coil
(c) Increasing the magnetic field (d) Using a fine suspension
12) The magnetic field acts on a charged particle so as to change its;
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

(a) Speed (b) Energy (c) Direction (d) All of these

13) Shunt resistance is called _____________ resistance;
(a) By pass (b) Specific (c) Reactance (d) Impedance
14) A current carrying coil placed in uniform magnetic field experience maximum torque when angle between
plane of coil and magnetic field is;
(a) 00 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 900
15) Magnetic field B = (40i – 18j) Wbm passes through a (5.0 k) m2 area. Net flux through the area is;
2

(a) 20 Wb (b) 9010-4 Wb (c) 90 Wb (d) Zero

16) The relation for maximum deflecting couple is given by;
(a) T = BNIA (b) T = B/NIA (c) T = BNA (d) T = BNIA Sin
17) To construct a step down transformer;
(a) NP < NS (b) NP > NS (c) NP = NS (d) NP.NS = 1
18) The anode in CRO;
(a) Control the number of wave (b) Control the brightness of spot formed
(c) Accelerates & focus the beam (d) At negative potential w.r.t cathode
19) Magnetic force on a moving charged particle is perpendicular to the;
(a) Electric field (b) Magnetic field
(c) Velocity o particle (d) Magnetic field & velocity of particle
20) Resistance of a voltmeter should be _____________ as compared to the resistance across which it is connected.
(a) High (b) Low (c) Very high (d) Very low
21) Force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field is;
(a) lLB (b) lBL (c) qVB (d) qBV
22) The value of shunt resistance required to convert a galvanometer into ammeter is;

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 What are the uses of CRO?
Q:2 How can you use a magnetic field to separate isotopes of a chemical element? What is Lorentz force and how
can it be formulated?
Q:3 Why the voltmeter should have a very high resistance?
Q:4 Describe the change in the magnetic field inside a solenoid carrying a steady current I, if the length of the
solenoid is doubled but the number of turns remains the same.
Q:5 Is it possible for two magnetic line of force to intersect?
Q:6 What is the stable or dead beat galvanometer?
Q:7 Is it possible to orient a current loop in a uniform magnetic field such that the loop will not tend to rotate?
Q:8 How can a current loop be used to determine the presence of a magnetic field in a given region of space?
Q:9 Why the resistance of an ammeter should be very low?
Q:10 What is a solenoid?
Q:11 Why does the picture on a T.V. screen become distorted when a magnet is brought neat it?
Q:12 Is it possible to orient a current loop in a uniform magnetic field such that the loop will experience no torque
Explain?
Q:13 Suppose that a charge “q” is moving in a uniform magnetic field with a velocity “v” Why there is no work
done by the magnetic force that acts on charge “q”?
Q:14 A plane conducting loop is located in a uniform magnetic field directed along x-axis. For what orientation of
the loop is the flux maximum? For what orientation is the flux minimum?
Q:15 What should be the orientation of a current carrying coil in a magnetic field so that the torque acting upon
the coil is: (a) Maximum (b) Minimum.
Q:16 Define magnetic flux and flux density.
Q:17 If a charge particle moves in a straight line through some region of space, can you say that the magnetic field
in the region is zero?
Q:18 How will you covert galvanometer into a voltmeter? Write formula for required resistance and explain
terms used in it.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 State Ampere’s law. Calculate the magnetic field due to current carrying solenoid.
Q:2 What current should pass though a solenoid 0.5m long with10000 turns of copper wire so that it will have a
magnetic field of 0.4T.
Q:3 Find an expression for the force which is acting on a moving charge in a magnetic field. Also deduce an
expression for Lorentz force.
Q:4 How fast must a proton move in a magnetic field of 2.5010-3 T such that the magnetic force is equal to its weight?
Q:5 Find the magnetic field that will cause a force of 710-3 N on a 20cm straight wire carrying current of 10 A.
Q:6 A solenoid 15cm long has 300 turns of wire. A current of 5 A flows through it. What is the magnitude of
magnetic field inside the solenoid?
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

Q:7 Describe the principle, construction and making of a moving coil galvanometer. Hence show that the
deflection is directly proportional to current.
Q:8 Define Lorentz force. Discuss the determination of e/m of an electron.
Q:9 Find the value of magnetic field that will cause a maximum force of 7.010-3N on a 20.0 cm straight wire
carrying current of 10.0 A.
Q:10 The magnetic field in a certain region is given by B = (40 i – 18 j) Wbm -2. How much flux passes through a
5.0cm2 area loop in this region if the loop lies flat in xy-plane?
Q:11 Find an expression for the torque acting on a current carrying coil placed in a magnetic field.

15.ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) The component in a generator which consumes electrical energy is called.
(a) Capacitor (b) Load (c) Split rings (d) Commentator
2) EMF is closely related to;
(a) Electric field intensity (b) Inductance
(c) Potential difference (d) Magnetic flux density
3) The practical application of mutual induction phenomenon is;
(a) Electric motor (b) Transformer
(c) AC generator (d) Transistor
4) SI unit of mutual and self induction are;
(a) Different (b) Same (c) No unit (d) None of these
5) The ratio of avg. induced EMF to the rate of change of current is called;
(a) Self-inductance (b) Mutual inductance
(c) Self-Induction (d) Mutual induction
6) If we make the magnetic field stronger, the value of induced current is;
(a) Decreased (b) Increased (c) Vanished (d) Kept constant
7) Alternating current generators use ___________ rings.
(a) Coiled (b) Split (c) Slip (d) Solenoid
8) The principle of AC generator is based on;
(a) Coiled (b) Split (c) Slip (d) Solenoid
9) If velocity of conductor moving through a magnetic field is made zero, then motional emf is;
(a) v BL (b) v/BL (c) B L/v (d) Zero
10) A transformer works on;
(a) AC only (b) DC only (c) Both AC & DC (d) Neither AC nor DC
11) The self inductance of a long solenoid with n number of turns per unit length is;
(a) 0 n2A/l (b) 0 nA/l (c) 0 n2Al (d) 0 n2 l A
12) The energy density of an inductor is;
(a) B2/22 (b) /2B (c) /2B2 (d) B/2
13) The inductance is more is self induction is ___________ cored coil.
(a) Air (b) Iron (c) Tungsten (d) Steel
14) Eddy’s current produced in the core of transformer is responsible for;
(a) Heat loss (b) Step-up process
(c) Step-down process (d) Induction process
15) The mutual induction between two coil depends upon;
(a) Area of coils (b) Number of turns
(c) Distance b/w coils (d) All of these
16) When a motor is just started, back emf is almost;
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d) Infinite
17) Turn ratio of a transformer is 50. If 220V AC is applied to its primary coil, voltage in the secondary coil will be;
(a) 44V (b) 4.4V (c) 220V (d) 1100V

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 Four un-marked wires emerge from a transformer. What steps would you take to determine the turn’s ratio?
Q:2 Can a step up transformer increase the power level?
Q:3 Show that EMF and /t have the same units.
Q:4 Describe self induction and its unit.
Q:5 Define mutual inductance and its unit.
Q:6 Does the induced emf always act to decrease the magnetic flux through a circuit?
Q:7 How does the voltage output of a generator change with its angular velocity?
Q:8 Does the induced emf and induced current in a circuit depend on the resistance of the circuit?
Q:9 Can a DC motor be turned into a DC generator? What changes are required to be done?
Q:10 State Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law.
Q:11 How does the construction of DC generation differ from AC generator?
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

Q:12 Can an eclectic motor be used to drive an electric generator with the input of the generator being used to
drive the motor?
Q:13 A suspended magnet is oscillating freely in horizontal plane. The oscillations are strongly damped when a
metal plate is placed under the magnet. Explain why this occurs.
Q:14 How would you position a flat lop of wire in a changing magnetic field so that there is no emf induced in the
loop?
Q:15 Write two similarities and two differences between motor and generator.
Q:16 In a certain region, earth’s magnetic field is vertically down, when a plane flies due to north, which wing tip
is positively charged?
Q:17 Can an electric motor be used to drive an electric generator, with the output from the generator used to
operate motor?
Q:18 A metal rod of length 0.25m is moving at a speed of 0.5m/sec in a direction perpendicular to a 0.25 T
magnetic field. Find the emf produced in the rod.
Q:19 What is hysteresis loss in transformer? Write formula for its efficiency.
Q:20 When an electric motor, such as an electric drill, is being used, does it also act as generator? If so what is the
consequence of this?
Q:21 What do you mean by back EMF of a motor?
Q:22 What is a Commutator? What is its use?
Q:23 When the primary of a transformer is connected to AC mains, the current in it; (a) is very small if the
secondary circuit is open but (b) increases when the secondary circuit is closed. Explain these facts.
Q:24 What is DC motor? Write its working principle.

LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 An ideal step down transformer is connected to mains supply of 240V. It is desired to operate a 12v, 30W
lamp. Find the current in the primary and the transformation ratio.
Q:2 An DC motor operates at 240 V and has a resistance of 0.5 ohm. When the motor is running at normal speed,
the armature current is 15A, find back emf.
Q:3 Describe the principle, construction and working of a transformer.
Q:4 What type of energy is stored in an inductor? Find the relations for energy and energy density in an
inductor.
Q:5 State and explain Lenz’s law. How this law explains conservation of energy during electromagnetic
induction?
Q:6 Define motional emf and derive a relation for it.
Q:7 A square coil of side 16cm has 200 turns and rotates in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.05T. If the
peak emf is 12V, what is the angular velocity of the coil?

16.ALTERNATING
CURRENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) An AC continuously flows through the plates of a capacitor because of;
(a) Charging of plates (b) Discharging of plates
(c) Both a & b (d) Presence of dielectric
2) Electromagnetic waves emitted from an antenna are;
(a) Transverse (b) Longitudinal
(c) Stationary (d) All of these
3) An inductor may store energy in its;
(a) Electric field (b) Magnetic field
(c) Coil (d) Neighboring circuit
4) High frequency radio waves are called _______________ waves;
(a) Fluctuative (b) Carrier (c) Matter (d) Energetic
5) The phase angle between AC voltage and current through a resistor is;
(a) 0o (b) 270o (c) 180o (d) 45o
6) The basic element in a DC circuit is;
(a) Inductor (b) Capacitor (c) Resistor (d) Battery
7) The impedance of an RLC series circuit at resonance frequency is;
(a) Minimum (b) Maximum (c) Zero (d) One
8) The impedance of an RLC parallel circuit at resonance frequency is;
(a) Minimum (b) Maximum (c) Zero (d) One
9) The SI unit of impedance is;
(a) Henry (b) Hertz (c) Ampere (d) Ohm
10) The net reactance of a circuit is zero. The circuit may consist of;
(a) Inductor (b) Capacitor (c) Resistor (d) Both capacitor & inductor
11) X-rays are the electromagnetic radiations having wavelength in the range;
(a) 10-8m (b) 10-10m (c) 10-12m (d) 10-15m
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

12) How many types of modulation is;

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
13) AC generator converts _____________ energy into electric energy.
(a) Mechanical (b) Chemical (c) Solar (d) Potential
14) Which one is in the order of decreasing frequency?
(a) X-ray, radio waves, infrared rays (b) Ultraviolet rays, visible light, X-rays, radio, waves
(c) Infrared rays, visible light, X-rays (d) Yellow, green red
15) Power dissipation in pure inductive or capacitive circuit is;
(a) Infinite (b) Maximum (c) Minimum (d) Zero
16) Pure choke consumes _________ power.
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d) Average
17) In modulation, low frequency signal is known as ___________ signal.
(a) Loaded (b) Fluctuated (c) Harmonic (d) Modulation
18) A capacitor is a perfect insulator for;
(a) AC (b) DC
(c) Both AC & DC (d) None of these
19) If I0 is the peak value of an AC supply, then its rms value is given as Irms = _________:
(a) I0/ (b) I0. (c) I0/0.707 (d) I0/2
20) Resonance frequency of an RLC series circuit is fr = __________:
(a) 1/2 (b) /2 (c) 2. (d) 2/

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 In R-L circuit, will the current lag or lead the voltage? Illustrate your answer by a diagram.
Q:2 A sinusoidal current has rms value of 10A. What is the maximum or peak value?
Q:3 Define choke and give its uses.
Q:4 How many times / sec will an incandescent lamp reach maximum brilliance when connected to a 50Hz
source?
Q:5 Name the device which permits the (a) flow of A,C. but oppose the flow of D.C. (b) flow of D.C. but opposes
the flow of A.C.
Q:6 How does doubling the frequency of A.C. affect the reactance of a capacitor?
Q:7 What is meant by A.M. and F.M.? Describe their ranges.
Q:8 How the reception of a particular radio station is selected on your radio set?
Q:9 Explain the condition under which electromagnetic wave are produced from a source.
Q:10 How much energy is consumed by a choke when an AC is passed through it? Explain.
Q:11 Define impedance and give its unit.
Q:12 In R-C circuit, will the current lag or lead the voltage? Illustrate your answer by a diagram.
Q:13 A 100uF capacitor is connected to an alternating voltage of 24 V and frequency 50 Hz. Calculate the
reactance of the capacitor.
Q:14 What does doubling of frequency affect the reactance of (a) capacitor (b) inductor?

LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 Explain generation, transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves with an example.
Q:2 A 10m H, 20 coil is connected across 240V and 180/ Hz source. How much power does it dissipate?
Q:3 What is parallel resonance circuit? Describe its properties. Also find the resonance frequency for the circuit.
Q:4 What is the resonant frequency of a circuit which includes a coil of inductance 2.5H and a capacitance of
40F?
Q:5 With reference to modulation, give the difference between the information and carrier waves.
Q:6 Find the capacitance required to construct a resonance circuit of frequency 1000 KHz with an inductor of
5mH.
Q:7 Define impedance. Find its value for R.C. series circuit and explain with phase diagram.
Q:8 Find the value of the current flowing through a capacitance 0.5 pF when connected to a source of 150V at
50Hz.
Q:9 What is R-C series circuit? Calculate the impedance and phase angle of R-C series circuit.
Q:10 What is parallel resonance circuit? Describe its properties. Also find the resonance frequency for the circuit.
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

17.PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) The temperature below which some materials show super conductivity is called __________ temperature.
(a) Super (b) Critical (c) Absolute (d) Kelvin
2) Which of the following is not a semi-conductor?
(a) Copper (b) Silicon (c) Germanium(d) Gallium Arsenide
3) Glass and carbon steel are examples of _____________ substances.
(a) Ductile (b) Brittle (c) Soft (d) Hard
4) The substance which have partially filled conduction bands are called;
(a) Insulator (b) Conductor
(c) Semi-conductor (d) Super-conductor
5) What type of impurity is to be added to the semi-conductor material to provide holes?
(a) Monovalent (b) Trivalent
(c) Pentavalent (d) Tetravalent
6) Which type of solids have definite melting point;
(a) Amorphous(b) Crystalline (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
7) A well known example of intrinsic semi-conductor is;
(a) Germanium(b) Phosphorus (c) Aluminum (d) Cobalt
8) In N-type material, minority carries are;
(a) Protons (b) Holes (c) Mesons (d) Free electrons
9) The SI unit of stress is the same as that of;
(a) Momentum (b) Pressure (c) Force (d) Length
10) The wire is stretched by a force “F” which produces an extension “I”. The energy stored in the wire is;
(a) Fl (b) ½ Fl (c) 2Fl (d) Fl2
11) The magnetism produced by electrons within an atom is due to _________ motion;
(a) Spin (b) Orbital
(c) Spin & Orbital (d) Viberational
12) The atoms, ions and molecules of crystalline materials maintain log range order due to ________ forces;
(a) Adhesive (b) Cohesive (c) Electrostatic (d) Van der Wall’s
13) Reciprocal of Bulk modulus is;
(a) Elasticity (b) Young’s modulus
(c) Compressibility (d) Shear modulus
14) Curie temperature for iron is;
(a) 0 K (b) 570 K (c) 1023 K (d) 378 K
15) The atoms in which the atoms do not form magnetic dipole are called;
(a) Ferromagnetic (b) Paramagnetic
(c) Diamagnetic (d) Conductor
16) Substance the breaks just after the elastic limit is reached is called;
(a) Soft (b) Hard (c) Ductile (d) Brittle
17) Dimension of stress is;
(a) [ML-1 T-2] (b) [L-2] (c) [L2] (d) It has no dimension
18) When silicon crystal is doped with a pentavalent element, it becomes ___________ semiconductor.
(a) P-type (b) N-type (c) Intrinsic (d) Extrinsic
19) The maximum stress which a material can bear is ________ stress.
(a) Ultimate tensile (b) Permanent
(c) Plastic (d) Yield
20) Which of the following is an example of ductile material;
(a) Lead (b) Copper (c) Glass (d) Lead & Copper

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 Distinguish between conductor, insulator and semiconductor with the help of energy band theory.
Q:2 Draw a stress-strain curve for a ductile material and then define the terms; elastic limit, yield point and
ultimate tensile stress.
Q:3 Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids.
Q:4 Define stress and strain.
Q:5 Define modulus of elasticity.
Q:6 What is meant by Hysteresis loop?
Q:7 What is meant by strain energy?
Q:8 Define the unit cell and give the number of basic crystal systems.
Q:9 Give the order of conductivity of (a) conductors, (b) insulators.
Q:10 Distinguish between a donor atom from an acceptor atom.
Q:11 Describe briefly the formation of energy bands in semi-conductors.
Q:12 Distinguish between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances.
Q:13 Differentiate between brittle and ductile substances.
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

Q:14 What is coercively of a material?

Q:15 Show that the units of elasticity of modulus and stress are same.
Q:16 Distinguish between conductor and super-conductor.
Q:17 Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substances.
Q:18 Define Curie temperature. What is its value for iron?
Q:19 How will you obtain P-type and N-type material from pure silicon?
Q:20 Differentiate between elastic and plastic deformation.
Q:21 Define “Coercive Current”.
Q:22 What are super conductors? Write two uses of super conductors.

LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 What are semiconductors? How P-type and N-type materials formed?
Q:2 A 1.25cm diameter cylinder is subjected to a load of 2500 kg. Calculate the stress on the bar in Mega Pascal.
Q:3 Find relation for strain energy in deform materials.
Q:4 What is doping? Describe the formation of N-type and P-type semiconductors.
Q:5 What stress would cause a wire to increase in length by 0.01%, if the Young’s modulus of the wire is
121010 Pa. What force would produce this stress if the diameter of wire is 0.56 mm?
Q:6 Explain magnetic properties of solids. Describe the types of magnets.
Q:7 What is meant by strain energy? Derive the relation for strain energy in a deformed material from the area
under the force extension graph.
Q:8 The length of a steel wire is 1m and its cross-sectional area is 0.0310-4m2.
Q:9 Explain conductors semiconductors and insulators on the bases of energy band theory.
Q:10 A 1m long copper wire is subjected to stretching force and its length increases by 20cm. calculate the tensile
strain and percentage elongation which the wire undergoes.

18.ELECTRONICS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) A system which deals with quantities of variables which have only two discrete values or states is called;
(a) Automatic system (b) Digital system
(c) Logic gates (d) AC system
2) The potential barrier in a diode stops the movement of;
(a) Holes only (b) Electrons only
(c) None of these (d) Both electrons & holes
3) The device which keeps to work on the input with amplifier is called;
(a) Op-amp (b) Inverter (c) Diode (d) None of these
4) The SI unit of current gain is;
(a) Ampere (b) Volt (c) Ohm (d) It has no unit
5) LDR is abbreviated for Light ______________ Resistance;
(a) Depositing (b) Depending (c) Doped (d) All of these
6) PN-junction can be used as;
(a) Amplifier (b) Oscillator (c) Rectifier (d) Modulator
7) The number of diodes in a bridge rectifier is;
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
8) Any logical expression can be realized using only;
(a) AND gate (b) NAND gate (c) NOT gates (d) AND, OR & NOT gate
9) If both inputs are low and output is high for ___________ gate;
(a) OR (b) AND (c) XOR (d) NOR
10) For non-inverting amplifier, R1 =  and R2 = 0, then gain of amplifier is;
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) +1 (d) Infinite
11) The expression for current gain of an amplifier is;
(a)  = IC/IB (b)  = IC+IB (c)  = IB/IC (d)  = IC.IB

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 What is a transistor? How NPN transistor circuit is drawn in a common-emitter configuration?
Q:2 Give four applications of photo-diode?
Q:3 What is the principle of virtual ground? Apply it to find the gain of an inverting amplifier.
Q:4 What is the net charge on a P-type substance?
Q:5 Why charge carriers are not present in depletion region?
Q:6 Why the base current in a transistor is very small?
Q:7 What is the effect of forward and reversed biasing of a diode on the width of depletion region?
Q:8 Why a photo diode is operated in a reverse biased state?
Q:9 The inputs of a gate are 1 and 0. Identify the gate if its output are (a) 0 (b) 1.
Q:10 Draw the circuit symbols for both NPN and PNP transistors.
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

Q:11 How does the motion of an electron in an N-type substance differ from the motion of holes in a P-type
substance?
Q:12 The anode of a diode is 0.2V positive with respect to its cathode. Is it forward biased?
Q:13 What is potential barrier? What is its value for Si and Ge?
Q:14 What is the biasing requirement of the junctions of a transistor for its normal operation? Explain how these
requirements are met in a common emitter amplifier?
Q:15 The base current in a transistor is very small. Why?

LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 What is meant by rectification? Explain the action of a semi-conductor diode as half wave rectifier.
Q:2 In a certain circuit, the transistor has a collector current of 10m A and a base current of 40 A. What is the
current gain of the transistor?
Q:3 How a NPN transistor works as an amplifier? Giving its circuit diagram and deduce the relation for current
gain and voltage gain.
Q:4 Draw the symbols of logic gates for the following Boolean functions. Write their respective truth tables.
.
Q:5 A current flowing the base of a transistor is 100m A. Find its collector current I C, its emitter current IE and
the ratio IC/IE, if the value of the current gain  is 100.
Q:6 Calculate the gain of non-inverting amplifier and label it. Evaluate a relation for its gain.

19.DAWN OF MODERN
PHYSICS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) Plank’s constant have the dimension of;
(a) [ML2 T2] (b) [ML2 T3] (c) [ML2 T1] (d) [ML T2]
2) In black body radiation, at low temperature a body emits radiation of;
(a) long wavelength (b) Small wavelength (c) Medium wavelength (d) High energy
3) The momentum of a moving photon is;
(a) Zero (b) h (c) h/ (d) /h
4) Who gave the idea of matter waves;
(a) De-Broglie (b) Planck (c) Einstein (d) Huygens
5) X-ray diffraction implies that radiation has a;
(a) Particle nature (b) Wave nature (c) Wave particle nature (d) None of these
6) The Davisson and Germer experiment indicate;
(a) Interference (b) Polarization (c) Refraction (d) Electron diffraction
7) The reverse phenomena of photoelectric effect is called;
(a) Radioactivity (b) Compton effect (c) Zeeman effect (d) Pair production
8) The rest mass of X-ray photon is;
(a) 9.1  10-31 kg (b) 1.67  10-27 kg
(c) Zero (d) Smaller than a visible photon
9) IN Compton’s scattering, the value of Compton’s shift equals to the Compton’s Wavelength of electron when
X-ray is scattered at an angle of;
(a) 0o (b) 30o (c) 60o (d) 90o
10) For pair production, minimum energy of photon must be;
(a) 0.51 MeV (b) 1.02 MeV (c) 931 MeV (d) 2.10 MeV
11) -particle of energy more than 0.5 MeV can produce;
(a) pair production (b) Compton’s effect (c) Photo electric effect (d) Fission process
12) Radiations emitted by a human body at normal temperature (370 C) lies in ___________ region.
(a) X-ray (b) Visible (c) Infrared (d) Ultraviolet
13) In photo electric effect, which factor increases by increasing the intensity of incident photons?
(a) K.E of electrons (b) Stopping potential
(c) Work function (d) Number of emitted electrons
14) Unit of Plank’s constant is;
(a) Volt (b) Joule.sec (c) Joule/sec (d) e V
15) When platinum wire is heated its temperature becomes;
(a) White (b) Yellow (c) Green (d) Dark red
16) The number of electrons emitted in PEE depends upon;
(a) Color of target (b) Shape of target (c) Frequency of incident beam (d)Intensity of incident beam
17) The frame of reference in which law of inertia are valid is called __________ frame of reference;
(a) Special (b) Inertial (c) Non-inertial (d) Standard.
18) Maximum K.E. energy of photoelectrons depends upon ____________ of incident light.
(a) Intensity (b) Power (c) Brightness (d) frequency
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 State postulates of special theory of relatively.
Q:2 Write three results of special theory of relativity.
Q:3 If an electron and proton have the same de-Broglie wavelength which particle has greater speed?
Q:4 As a solid id heated and begins to glow, why does it first appear red?
Q:5 Is it possible to create a single electron from energy? Explain.
Q:6 We do not notice the de-Broglie wavelength for a pitched ball. Explain why?
Q:7 Will bright light eject more electrons from a metal surface than dimmer light of the same color?
Q:8 Can pair production take place in vacuum?
Q:9 Why do we not notic the de-broglie wavelength for a cricket ball?
Q:10 When does light behave as a wave and when does it behave as particle?
Q:11 Why don’t we observe Compton Effect with visible light?
Q:12 Define frame of reference and differentiate an inertial and non-inertial frame.
Q:13 A beam of red light and a beam of blue light have exactly the same energy. Which beam contains more
number of Photons?
Q:14 What determines the number of photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface and their maximum kinetic energy?
Q:15 What advantages an electron microscope has over an optical microscope?

LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 State postulates of special theory of relatively. Explain three results of this theory.
Q:2 What is the energy of a photon is a beam of infrared radiation of wavelength 1240 nm?
Q:3 What is photoelectric effect? What are its experimental results? Explain it on the basis of quantum theory of
light.
Q:4 Yellow light of 577 nm wavelength is incident on a cesium surface. The stopping voltage is found to be 0.25v.
Find (a) the maximum. K.E. of photoelectrons. (b) The work function of cesium.
Q:5 State and prove the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Q:6 What is the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron whose K.E. is 120 eV?
Q:7 What is the energy in eV of quanta of wavelength 400 nm?
Q:8 X-rays of wavelength 22pm are scattered from a carbon target. The scattered radiation being viewed at 85 o
to the incident beam. What is Compton shift?
Q:9 What is black body radiation? Explain intensity distribution diagram.
Q:10 A particle of mass 0.5 kg moves with speed of 8.0m/s. Calculate its de-Broglie wavelength.
Q:11 Explain pair production and annihilation of matter.
Q:12 Give an experimental proof of de-Broglie wavelength.

20.ATOMIC PHYSICS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) X-rays photons move with the speed of:
(a) sound (b) Light (c) Less than light (d) Greater than light
2) Laser can only be produced if an atom is in its _______ state:
(a) Normal (b) Excited (c) Ionized (d) De-excited
3) When an electron jumps from higher orbit in to first obit, the set of lines emitted is called _____ series:
(a) Balmer (b) Layman (c) Bracket (d) Paschen
4) X-rays are similar in nature to _______ rays:
(a) Alpha (b) Beta (c) Gamma (d) Cathode
5) Einstein postulated special theory of relativity in:
(a) 1921 (b) 1850 (c) 1905 (d) 1509
6) Which is an example of continuous spectra:
(a) Atomic spectra (b) Molecular spectra (c) All of these (d) Black body radiation spectrum
7) In the spectrum of which the following will you find Balmer series:
(a) Atomic spectra (b) Oxygen (c) Nitrogen (d) All of these
8) The relationship between Rydberg constant “RH” and ground state energy “E0” is:
(a) RH = E0 hc (b) E0 = RH /hc (c) RH = hc/E0 (d) RH = E0 /hc
9) Blamer’s series lies in the _________ region:
(a) Blamer (b) Infrared (c) Visible (d) Far-infrared
10) The radius of 3rd Bohr’s orbit in hydrogen atom is greater than the first orbit by a factor of:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9
11) The value of Rydberg’s constant is:
(a) 1.0974 x 107 m-1 (b) 1.974 x 107 m-1 (c) 1.974 x 105 m-1 (d) 1.0974 x 109 m-1
12) Which is the color of light emitted from He-Ne laser:
(a) blue (b) Green (c) Red (d) yellow
13) For holographs, we use a beam of:
(a) -rays (b) X-rays (c) -rays (d) Laser
14) Electron can reside in meta-stable state for about:
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

(a) 10-3 sec (b) 10-6 sec (c) 10-8 sec (d) 10-10 sec
15) Which of the following series lies in Ultraviolet region:
(a) Lyman (b) Balmer (c) Paschen (d) Pfund
16) Production of x-rays can be regarded as the inverse of:
(a) Compton’s effect (b) Pair production (c) Photoelectric effect (d)Annihilation of matter
17) Atomic spectra is an example of __________ spectra:
(a) continuous (b) line (c) band (d) mix

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 What are X-rays? Give some properties of X-rays.
Q:2 Write a note on CAT-SCANNER.
Q:3 Write some uses of Laser in medicine and industry.
Q:4 Do any of Bohr’s assumptions contradict classical physics?
Q:5 How can the spectrum of hydrogen contain so many lines when hydrogen contains one electron?
Q:6 What are the advantages of laser over ordinary light?
Q:7 What is meant by line spectrum?
Q:8 Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light?
Q:9 Can the electron in the ground state of hydrogen absorb a photon of energy 13.6 eV or greater than 13.6 eV?
Q:10 how does stimulated emission differ from spontaneous emission?
Q:11 Differentiate an orbital electron from a free electron.
Q:12 How does a K X-ray differ from a K X-ray?
Q:13 Can X-rays be reflected, refracted, diffracted and polarized just like other waves? Explain.
Q:14 What do we mean when we say that an atom is excited?
Q:15 In which range of electromagnetic spectrum are following series of hydrogen spectrum observed:
(a) Lyman Series (b) Balmer series (c) Paschen series (d) Brackett series.
Q:16 Is energy conserved when an atom emit a photon of light?
Q:17 Define normal population and population inversion.
Q:18 What is meant by line spectrum? Explain how line spectrum can be used for the identification of elements?
Q:19 State postulates of Bohr’s theory.
Q:20 Explain why Laser action could not occur without population inversion between atomic levels.
Q:21 What is longest wavelength of Paschen series. (RH = 1.0974 x 107 m-1)
Q:22 What is shortest wavelength of Balmer series. (RH = 1.0974 x 107 m-1)
LONG QUESTIONS
Q:1 Derive expression of radii of quantized orbit.
Q:2 Calculate the longest wavelength of radiation for the Paschen series: (RH = 1.0974 x 107 m-1)
Q:3 What does the word LASER stand for? Write any four uses of LASER.
Q:4 Explain how X-rays are produced? Write any one use of X-rays.
Q:5 An electron jumps from energy level E 1 = −¿ 3.5 x 10–19 J to E2 = −¿1.20 x 10–18 J. What is the wavelength of
emitted light?
Q:6 Write Bohr’s 2nd postulate and find out formula for Bohr’s quantized radii.
Q:7 Explain characteristics of X-ray and continuous X-ray spectra. Also write two uses of X-rays.
Q:8 Electrons in an X-ray tube are accelerated through a potential difference of 3000V. If these electrons are
slowed down in a target, what will be the minimum wavelength of X-ray produced?
Q:9 A tungsten target is struck by electron that has been accelerated from rest through 40 kV potential
differences. Find the shortest wavelength of the bremsstrahlung radiation.

21.NUCLEAR PHYSICS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) The building blocks of neutrons ate called;
(a) Ions (b) Electrons (c) Positrons (d) Quarks
2) A detector that can count fast and operate at low voltages is;
(a) G.M. Counter (b) Solid State detector (c) Bubble chamber (d)Wilson cloud chamber
3) The most useful tracer isotope is;
(a) Carbon – 14 (b) Cobalt – 60 (c) Iodine – 131 (d) Strontium – 90
4) After the emission of x-rays, the atom of the target is;
(a) Doubly ionized (b) Singly ionized (c) In the excited state (d) In the ground state
5) The chemical properties of an element depends only upon the number of;
(a) Protons (b) Neutrons (c) Electrons (d) Mesons
6) The process by which a heavy nucleus split up into lighter nuclei is known as;
(a) Fission (b) Fusion (c) -decay (d) a chain reaction
7) The number of protons in any atom is equal to the number of;
(a) Neutron (b) Electron (c) Positron (d) Masons
8) When a radioactive nuclei emits a -particle, the proton-neutron ratio;
(a) Remains same (b) Increase (c) Decrease (d) Equals to unity
9) The amount of energy released in a fusion reaction of four hydrogen nuclei to form an alpha particle is equal to;
 PHYSICS|2nd YEAR

(a) 2 MeV (b) 25 MeV (c) 100 MeV (d) 200 MeV
10) A position is a/an;
(a) Electron (b) Antiparticle of electron
(c) Proton (d) Antiparticle of proton
11) Neutrons were discovered by;
(a) Bohr (b) Chadwick (c) Dirac (d) Fermi
12) In nuclear fission reaction, when the products are Xe140 and Sr94, the number of electrons emitted is;
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
13) Energy given out per nucleon in p-p reaction is;
(a) 5.2 MeV (b) 6 MeV (c) 6.4 MeV (d) 7.7 MeV
14) Which of the following is an elementary particle;
(a) Proton (b) Neutron (c) Photon (d) Meson
15) Neutron were discovered in;
(a) 1897 (b) 1919 (c) 1932 (d) 1905
16) Types of quarks is;
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
17) A sample contains N radioactive nuclei. After 4 half live number of nuclei decayed is;
(a) N/16 (b) 15 N/16 (c) N/8 (d) 7N/8
18) When an -particle is emitted from any nucleus, its mass number __________ and its charge number ______.
(a) Increases by 2, Increases by 2 (b) Decreases by 4, Increases by 2
(c) Decreases by 4, decreases by 2 (d) Decreases by 4, decreases by 4
19) A pair of quark of quark and anti-quark makes a;
(a) Neutron (b) Proton (c) Meson (d) Photon

SHORT QUESTIONS
Q:1 What are isotopes? Write some uses of isotopes.
Q:2 What is mass defect and binding energy?
Q:3 What are the main parts of a Nuclear Reactor?
Q:4 What factors make a fusion reaction difficult to achieve?
Q:5 What are of a radioactive element?
Q:6 We that I u = 931 MeV.
Q:7 They are heavy nuclei unstable?
Q:8 What fraction of radioactive element decays after two half lives?
Q:9 Which element has maximum binding energy per nucleon and what this value is?
Q:10 What do you mean by the “dead time” of a Geiger counter?
Q:11 A heavy nucleus becomes unstable. Why?
Q:12 Define; (a) Curie (b) Becquerel.
Q:13 A particle which produces more ionization is less penetrating. Why?
Q:14 What information is revealed by the length and shape of the tracks of an incident particle in Wilson Cloud
Chamber?
Q:15 Explain how alpha and beta particles may ionize an atom without hitting the electrons.
Q:16 What is meant by ‘fluorescence’?
Q:17 If a decay constant of a radioactive isotope is 0.3465 hr-1, what will be its half life?
Q:18 If someone accidently swallows an a-source and a b-source, which would be more dangerous to him?
Explain why?
Q:19 Define atomic number and atomic mass.
Q:20 What are isotopes? What do they have in common and what area their differences?
Q:21 If a nucleus has a half life of 1 year, does this mean that it will be completely decayed after 2 years? Explain.
Q:22 What do you mean by the term critical mass?
Q:23 Differentiate between Baryons and Mesons.
Q:24 How can radioactivity help in the treatment of cancer?
Q:25 Briefly give the use of (a) Wilson Cloud Chamber (b) G.M. Tube.
Q:26 What is radioactive tracer? Give its one application each in industry and medicine.