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Worksheet 3 LA

This worksheet covers topics in Linear Algebra, specifically vector spaces, subspaces, basis, and dimension. It includes exercises on identifying violations of vector space axioms, expressing vectors as linear combinations, proving subspaces, and calculating dimensions of various subsets. The document is intended for B. Tech students in their fourth semester, focusing on mathematical concepts and proofs.

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Priyanshu Pandey
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74 views

Worksheet 3 LA

This worksheet covers topics in Linear Algebra, specifically vector spaces, subspaces, basis, and dimension. It includes exercises on identifying violations of vector space axioms, expressing vectors as linear combinations, proving subspaces, and calculating dimensions of various subsets. The document is intended for B. Tech students in their fourth semester, focusing on mathematical concepts and proofs.

Uploaded by

Priyanshu Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics WORKSHEET 3

Program B. Tech. (SoCS) Semester IV

Course Linear Algebra Course Code MATH 2059


Session Jan-May 2025 Topic Vector spaces,
Subspaces, Basis,
Dimension

1. Each of the following subsets 𝑉𝑖 fail to be a vector space over the given field ℱ. Determine
which axiom(s) of the vector space is (are) violated by giving supporting example(s).
(a) 𝑉1 = ℝ𝑛 over the field ℱ = ℂ of complex numbers.
(b) 𝑉2 = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … , 𝑥𝑛 )| 𝑥𝑖 ∈ ℚ} over the field ℱ = ℝ of real numbers.
𝑎 𝑏
(c) 𝑉3 = {( )| 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ ℝ, 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 ≠ 0} over the field ℱ = ℝ of real numbers.
𝑐 𝑑
(d) 𝑉4 = {𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 | 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ∈ ℝ, det 𝐴 = 0} over the field ℱ = ℝ of real numbers.

(e) 𝑉5 = {𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 +. . . +𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 |𝑎𝑖 ∈ ℝ ∀ 0 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 𝑛, 𝑎0 ≠ 0} over the field ℱ =


ℝ of real numbers.

2. Find the constants 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 so that the arbitrary vector 𝑣 = (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ ℝ3 can be
expressed as the linear span of vectors 𝑒1 = (1,0,0), 𝑒2 = (1,1,0) and 𝑒3 = (1,1,1) i.e.
𝑣 = 𝛼𝑒1 + 𝛽𝑒2 + 𝛾𝑒3
Can the set ℬ = {(1,0,0), (1,1,0), (1,1,1)} serve as a basis for the vector space ℝ3 ?

3. Prove that each of the following subsets 𝑊𝑖 is a vector subspace of the given vector space
𝑉. Also, find the dimension in each case.
(a) 𝑊1 = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … , 𝑥𝑛 )| 𝑥𝑖 = 0 if 𝑖 is even} of the vector space 𝑉 = ℝ𝑛 for 𝑛 ≥ 2.

(b) 𝑊2 = {𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]3×3 | 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ∈ ℝ, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒(𝐴) = 0} of the vector space 𝑉 = ℳ(2, ℝ) i.e.

space of all 2 × 2 real matrices.

(c) 𝑊3 = {𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]4×4 | 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ∈ ℝ, 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑎𝑗𝑖 , 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒(𝐴) = 0} of the vector space 𝑉 =

ℳ(4, ℝ) i.e. space of all 4 × 4 real matrices.


(d) 𝑊4 = {𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 +. . . +𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 |𝑎𝑖 = 0 if 𝑖 is even} vector space 𝑉 = 𝒫𝑛 (ℝ) i.e.
space of all real polynomials of degree ≤ 𝑛 having real coefficients.
Department of Mathematics WORKSHEET 3

(e) 𝑊3 = {𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝑉| 𝑝(1) = 0} vector space 𝑉 = 𝒫𝑛 (ℝ) i.e. space of all real
polynomials of degree ≤ 𝑛 having real coefficients.

4. Consider the set 𝑉 consisting of all polynomials 𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝒫𝑛 (ℝ) that satisfy 𝑝(−𝑥) = 𝑝(𝑥)
i.e. 𝑝(𝑥) is an even function. Prove that 𝑉 is a vector space in itself.
† Hint: V must be a subspace of 𝒫𝑛 (ℝ).

5. Consider the vector space 𝑉 defined as follows:


𝑉 = {𝑎0 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎4 𝑥 4 +. . . +𝑎2024 𝑥 2024 | 𝑝(1) = 0, 𝑝(−1) = 0}
Find the dimension of 𝑉.
† Hint: The answer has three distinct prime divisors.

6. Consider the subspaces 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 of vector space ℳ(2, ℝ) as follows:


𝑎 𝑏
𝑊1 = {( ) | 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ}
−𝑎 𝑐
𝑎 𝑏
𝑊2 = {( ) | 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ}
𝑐 2𝑎
(a) Express explicitly the subspace 𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 .
(b) Also find dim(𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 ) and dim(𝑊1 + 𝑊2 ).

7. Consider the subspaces 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 of vector space 𝒫7 (ℝ) as follows:


1
𝑊1 = {𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝒫7 (ℝ)| 𝑝(1) = 0, 𝑝 ( ) = 0, 𝑝(4) = 0}
2
1
𝑊2 = {𝑝(𝑥) ∈ 𝒫7 (ℝ)| 𝑝(−1) = 0, 𝑝 ( ) = 0, 𝑝(−4) = 0}
2
(c) Express explicitly the subspace 𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 .
(d) Also find dim(𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 ) and dim(𝑊1 + 𝑊2 ).

8. Suppose 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 are two subspaces of a 7 −dimensional vector space 𝑉 such that
dim 𝑊1 = 4 and dim 𝑊2 = 5. What are the possible values of dim(𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 )?

***

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