Modern Physics (PY264) Minor — 1; Total Marks — 20; Time — 60 minutes (02 March 2024) Answer ALL the questions. Lithium has a work function of 2.3 eV. It is exposed to light of wavelength 4800 4°. Find the maximum kinetic energy with which the electron leaves the surface. What is the longest wavelength that can produce the photoelectrons? (2.5 Marks) Explain the Compton effect. A photon of wavelength 110 nm strikes a stationary free electron. The Compton scattered photon is observed at a scattering angle 0=45°. What is the wavelength of the scattered photon? (3.0 Marks) . _ A hydrogen atom in state n=6 makes two successive transitions and reaches the ground state. In the first transition, a photon of 1.13. eVis emitted, (a) Find the energy of the photon emitted in the second transition. (b) What is the value of n in the intermediate state? (3 Marks) Compute the power radiated by a typical cup of cofive, State all of your assumptions (2.5 Marks) plain the Bohr’s model of the atom and the correspondence principle (3 Marks)1. 2. OS ER Ea ae ee ae ea aaa Teo Modern Physics (PY264) Minor — 2; Total Marks — 20; Time — 60 minutes (20" April 2024) Answer ALL the questions. Please write the units correctly in all the solutions. Explain why an electron cannot exist inside the nucleus. Justify using at least two reasons. (3 Marks) Briefly explain the salient features (successes and failures) of the following nuclear | models (a) Shell model (b) Liquid-drop model (4 Marks) Find the binding energy per nucleon for !?°Snso. Take, mp=1.00783 u, mn=1.00867 u, ~ mass of Sn=119.902199 u (3 Marks) The radius of a “Cuz nucleus is measured to be 4.8x1073 cm. Estimate the radius of a 77Mgn nucleus. (2 Marks) % sn electron has a de Broglie wavelength equal to that of a photon of red light having a length of 620 nm. (i) Calculate the energy of the electron. (ii) What would its de ie wavelength be if the electron's energy were equal to the energy of this photon? ibe in any one landmark experiment for each of the theories proving the dual le and wave) nature of light (5 Marks) The End eTifa Mavia Nuclear Physics: Tutorial-1 (08.04.2024) 1, Estimate the approximate nuclear density. 2. Calculate the nuclear radii of i) Ge, ii) Zn. 3. Radius of a Nucleus with A = 64 is 5 fermi. What is the radius of a Nucleus with A=216? 4. Convert the rest mass of electron (9.11x10~8! kg), proton (1.67x10-”" kg), and neutron (1.68x10-”" kg) in the units of i) atomic mass (u), ii) Energy (MeV/c?). 5. Calculate the electric potential energy of interaction due to the electric repul- sion between two nuclei of !?C when they ‘touch’ each other at the surface? 6. Calculate the binding energies of ®Li and 7Li? Comment on the result. 7. Find the binding energy per nucleon Tor ”°Sngo, Take, my=1.00783 u, m,=1.00867 u, mass of Sn=119.902199 u 8. If the binding energy per nucleon in “Lis and *He, nuclei are 5.60 MeV and 7.06 MeV respectively. Then in the reaction, p + "Lig + 2 ‘Hep, energy of proton must be? 9. Estimate the total binding energy of "Ne (Z=10) using the semi-empirical formula. Given: {ay = 15.85,-29 = 18.34, ay = 0.71, ay = 92.86, ag-— 34] 10. Calculate the first & second neutron seperation energies of ![Link] on the result.Nuclear Physics: Tutorial-2 (22.04.3024) 1. Write each of the following nuclear reactions. (a) Carbon-14, used in carbon dating, decays by beta emission. (b) Uranium-238 decays by alpha emission. 2. MC emits beta radiation and decays with a half-life of 5730 years. Assume that you start with a mass of 2 x 10-7 g of MC. (a) How long is 3 half-lives? (b) Howmany grams of isotope remain at the end of 3 half-lives? 3. The halflife of *P is 14.3 days. How many milligrams of ™P remain after 100.1 days if you begin with 2.5 milligrams of radio isotope? 4. The activity of a radioactive sample falls from 600/s to 500/s in 40 minutes: Calculate its half-life. 5, The halflife of radium is about 1600 years. In how much time will 1 of radium (a) reduce to 100 mg, (b) lose 100 mg? 6. Bismuth has a half-life of 5-days. What is the time taken by (7/8)th part of the sample to decay? 7. The half-life of U%* is known to be 4.51 x 10° years. Calculate the disinte- gration constant (in s~!). Also calculate the number of disintegrations per second from 1 g of uranium. Take Avagadro number as 6.03 x 10 °3 mole”*. 8, The mean life of a radioactive element is 14.43 months. Calculate the time required for 75% of the element to decay. 9, Find the Q values of the following decays. M, 1 apie > MAM + 0 fg eee a Bich 3 "Gm +0 Ge ee aie NC 0, Find the Q value of the following decay, *'Th —+ ™*Ra + a, and calculate othe kinetic energy (T) of the daughter nucleus after decay. st + 2 4 3\.SNN ( \ | he Cx)School of Physics, University of Hyderabad PY264 Modern Physics MAJOR EXAM (Venugopal Rao Soma) 08 May 2024 (60 Marks); Time: 3 hours Answer FULL QUESTIONS. Piecewise answers will not be accepted, Please use the correct units for your solutions, Answer any SIX questions ONLY 6x 10 = 60 Marks 1. Many varieties of lasers emit light as pulses rather than a steady beam. A ttanium-sapphire laser can produce light at a wavelength of 800 nm in ultrashort pulses that last only 4.0010 $ (4.00 femtoseconds, or 4.00 fs). The energy in a single pulse produced by one such laser is 7.00 Hi = 2.00%10° J, and the pulses propagate in the positive x-direction. Find (a) the ) reuency of the light; (b) the energy and minimum energy uncertainty ofa single photon in Ut Pulse) the minimum frequency uncertainty ofthe light in the pulse; () the spatial length of the pulse, in meters and as a multiple of the wavelength; (e) the momentum and minimum momentum uncertainty of a single photon in the pulse; and (f) the approximate number of photons in the pulse. (Q)Wrat are the salient features of Thomson's model, Rutherford's model, and Bobr’s model ofan alom? Highlight only each modes slat tatu od fee [5 Marks}. What was © Somerfield’s contribution to understanding the atomic model? [3 Marks} What is Bole's correspondence principle? [2 Marks] A >. Write and explain what you understand from the Stefan-Boltzmann law [3 Marks}. To @ ood approximation, the sun’s surface is a blackbody with a surface temperature of $800 K i by the sun’s atmosphere (a) At what wavelength does the (b) What is the total radiated power per unit surface area same power (Per unit surface area) at the earth's surface. [2 sun emit most strongly? [3 Marks] [2 Marks}.? Estimate/Guess the Marks). _Drstinae the approximate nuclear density [3 marks}. Exp) binding energy and calculate the binding energies of “Li and? obtained result. [2 Marks] oa ae APetine the terms (a) Activity (b) Half-life [4 Marks}. The halflife of, years, How long does it take 1 g of radium (a) to reduce to 100 mg, what you understand about [5 marks}. Comment on the radium is about 1600 (b) lose 100 mg? [6 Marks}. 6. Draw the typical black-body radiation curve(s) [2 Marks}. Write down the Rayleigh-Jean’s law for black-body radiation. Explain each term [3 Marks}. What was the problem with Feuning the observed experimental data, and how did Planck overcome tht, deficiency? Explain in detail Planck’s contribution [5 Marks}. iple? Explain any two consequences of the alpha, beta, and gamma decay [§ Marks},ys of wavelength) ¢ pton effect [4 Marks]. X-ra1 wavelength of the X-rays scattered through Describe in detail the significance of the Comy the scattered X-rays. (c) Find the maximum 10.0 pm are scattered from a target. (a) Find the 45°. (b) Find the maximum wavelength present in kinetic energy of the recoil electrons [6 Marks] = 6.62607015*10™ J-Hz" (Planck’s Constant) neutrons: +m, = 1.0086647 a.u. protons: m, = 1.007276 au. (electron): m, =5.485799-104 au. peer adie Bee ye ao Geer ke