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SOCRATIC QUESTIONS

The document outlines Socratic questioning techniques aimed at enhancing critical thinking by challenging assumptions, clarifying concepts, and exploring implications. It provides various categories of questions, including those for probing assumptions, rationale, viewpoints, and the implications of arguments. The goal is to encourage deeper reflection and understanding in discussions.

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uriel pacheco
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4 views

SOCRATIC QUESTIONS

The document outlines Socratic questioning techniques aimed at enhancing critical thinking by challenging assumptions, clarifying concepts, and exploring implications. It provides various categories of questions, including those for probing assumptions, rationale, viewpoints, and the implications of arguments. The goal is to encourage deeper reflection and understanding in discussions.

Uploaded by

uriel pacheco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOCRATIC QUESTIONS

The overall purpose of Socratic questioning, is to challenge accuracy and


completeness of thinking in a way that acts to move people towards their ultimate
goal.

Conceptual clarification questions


Get them to think more about what exactly they are asking or thinking about. Prove
the concepts behind their argument. Use basic 'tell me more' questions that get
them to go deeper.

● Why are you saying that?


● What exactly does this mean?
● How does this relate to what we have been talking about?
● What is the nature of ...?
● What do we already know about this?
● Can you give me an example?
● Are you saying ... or ... ?
● Can you rephrase that, please?

Probing assumptions
Probing their assumptions makes them think about the presuppositions and
unquestioned beliefs on which they are founding their argument. This is shaking the
bedrock and should get them really going!

● What else could we assume?


● You seem to be assuming ... ?
● How did you choose those assumptions?
● Please explain why/how ... ?
● How can you verify or disprove that assumption?
● What would happen if ... ?
● Do you agree or disagree with ... ?
Probing rationale, reasons and
evidence
When they give a rationale for their arguments, dig into that reasoning rather than
assuming it is a given. People often use un-thought-through or weakly-understood
supports for their arguments.

● Why is that happening?


● How do you know this?
● Show me ... ?
● Can you give me an example of that?
● What do you think causes ... ?
● What is the nature of this?
● Are these reasons good enough?
● Would it stand up in court?
● How might it be refuted?
● How can I be sure of what you are saying?
● Why is ... happening?
● Why? (keep asking it -- you'll never get past a few times)
● What evidence is there to support what you are saying?
● On what authority are you basing your argument?

Questioning viewpoints and


perspectives
Most arguments are given from a particular position. So attack the position. Show
that there are other, equally valid, viewpoints.

● Another way of looking at this is ..., does this seem reasonable?


● What alternative ways of looking at this are there?
● Why it is ... necessary?
● Who benefits from this?
● What is the difference between... and...?
● Why is it better than ...?
● What are the strengths and weaknesses of...?
● How are ... and ... similar?
● What would ... say about it?
● What if you compared ... and ... ?
● How could you look another way at this?

Probe implications and


consequences
The argument that they give may have logical implications that can be forecast. Do
these make sense? Are they desirable?

● Then what would happen?


● What are the consequences of that assumption?
● How could ... be used to ... ?
● What are the implications of ... ?
● How does ... affect ... ?
● How does ... fit with what we learned before?
● Why is ... important?
● What is the best ... ? Why?

Questions about the question


And you can also get reflexive about the whole thing, turning the question in on
itself. Use their attack against themselves. Bounce the ball back into their court, etc.

● What was the point of asking that question?


● Why do you think I asked this question?
● Am I making sense? Why not?
● What else might I ask?
● What does that mean?

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