K-12 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK 2.

language acquisition and learning is

an active process that begins at birth
REPUBLIC ACT NO 10533 (ENHANCED
and continues throughout life
BASIC EDUCATION ACT OF 2013)
3. successful language learning involves
The enhanced basic education program viewing, listening, speaking, reading,
encompasses at least one (1) year of and writing activities
kindergarten education, six (6) years of
MULTILITERACIES
elementary education, and six (6) years of
CURRICULUM
secondary education, in that sequence.
Secondary education includes four (4) years Multiliteracies
of junior high school and two (2) years of
 It is a theory of literacy that
senior high school education.
recognizes the many ways people
Kindergarten education shall mean one (1) communicate and understand
year of preparatory education for children at information.
least five (5) years old as a prerequisite for  It is the ability to identify,
Grade I. interpret, create, and
communicate meaning across a
LANGUAGE
variety of visual, oral, corporal,
• Basis of all communication musical and alphabetical forms of
and the primary instrument of communication
thought
The old “command-and-control” structure of
• Defines culture which is work is replaced by “horizontal relationships
essential in understanding of teamwork” and workers are required to be
oneself (personal identity), more “multiskilled” instead of “deskilled”;
forming interpersonal the old sense of monocultural and
relationships (socialization), monolingual is replaced by the identification
extending experiences, and appreciation of cultural and linguistic
reflecting on thought and diversity; personal life is much more tightly
action, and contributing to a connected to the public and the globe (New
better society. London Group, 1996).
• Central to the people’s An effective language arts and
intellectual, social, and multiliteracies curriculum satisfies the
emotional development and following principles:
has an essential role in all key
learning areas  develops thinking and language
through interactive learning
GUIDING PRINCIPLES  develops communicative competence
1. All languages are interrelated and and critical literacy
interdependent  draws on literature in order to develop
students’ understanding of their
literary heritage
  draws on informational texts and Sports and Arts, allowing students to gain
multimedia in order to build academic expertise in specific fields
vocabulary and strong content
GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS:
knowledge
 develops students’ oral language and K-12 graduates are expected to possess the
literacy through appropriately necessary skills and knowledge to compete in
challenging learning the international job market.
 emphasizes writing arguments,
WORKFORCE READINESS:
explanatory or informative texts and
narratives The program aims to produce graduates who
 provides explicit skill instruction in can directly contribute to the workforce upon
reading and writing completion of Senior High School, even if
 nurture students’ sense of their they choose not to pursue further tertiary
common ground in using language for education.
communication as present or future LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS:
global citizens to prepare them to
participate in school and in civic life K-12 promotes critical thinking, problem-
solving, and collaborative learning abilities
to enable continuous learning throughout life.
MOTHER TONGUE-BASED
EDUCATION:
Some aspects of the curriculum incorporate
the use of the student's native language in
early education to enhance comprehension
and engagement.
IMPORTANT POINTS TO CONSIDER:
 CHALLENGES IN
IMPLEMENTATION
KEY OUTCOMES OF THE K-12 - Some concerns
CURRICULUM regarding the K-12
HIGHER EDUCATION PREPAREDNESS: program include
potential gaps in
Students are better equipped to transition readiness for certain
into college due to a more robust college courses,
foundation in core subjects and critical uneven quality of
thinking skills. education across
SKILL DEVELOPMENT: different schools, and
teacher training needs.
The curriculum emphasizes practical skills  TRACK SELECTION
through various tracks like Academic, - Students can choose a
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, and specific track in
 Senior High School Learner-Centeredness
based on their
interests and career ❏Learners are at the center of the teaching-
goals, which can learning process. Teaching will be
influence their future differentiated according to students’ needs,
educational and abilities and interests. Effective pedagogies
employment paths. will be used to engage them and to strengthen
their language development.
COMPONENTS OF THE ENGLISH
CURRICULUM Contextualization

COMPONENT 1: LANGUAGE ❏Learning tasks and activities will be

LEARNING PROCESS designed for learners to acquire the language
in authentic and meaningful contexts of use.
Spiral Progression
COMPONENT 2: EFFECTIVE
❏Skills, grammatical items, structures and LANGUAGE USE
various types of texts will be taught, revised
and revisited at increasing levels of difficulty UNDERSTANDING CULTURES
and sophistication. This will allow students to ❏Learning language through text types and
progress from the foundational level to literary appreciation exposes learners to
higher levels of language use. different cultures of the world, including
Interaction one’s culture

❏Language learning will be situated in the UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE

context of communication (oral and written). ❏Learners apply their knowledge of the
Activities that simulate real-life situations of system of the language to assist them to make
varying language demands (purposes, topics, meaning and to create meaning. They come
and audiences) will be employed to help to recognize the patterns and rules of the
students interact with others thereby improve language which emerge as they interact with
their socialization skills. a plethora of texts (literary and
Integration informational) to make meaning.

❏The areas of language learning – the PROCESS AND STRATEGIES

receptive skills, the productive skills, and ❏They use language as a way of coming to
grammar and vocabulary will be taught in an grips with new ideas, resolving difficulties
integrated way, together with the use of or solving problems. They use strategies
relevant print and non-print resources, to such as brainstorming and discussion as a
provide multiple perspectives and way of developing ideas. They experiment,
meaningful connections. Integration may take risks and make approximations with
come in different types either implicitly or language as a way of developing their
explicitly (skills, content, theme, topic, and language skills.
values integration).
COMPONENT 3: MAKING MEANING phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, among
THROUGH LANGUAGE others cannot be ignored. Also the four skills
of language-listening, speaking, reading, and
• The Language Arts and
writing-are seen to be parts of a structurally
Multiliteracies Curriculum
integrated whole. Assessment approaches
(LAMC) is composed of five
should be used for communication and self-
(5) intricately intertwined and
expression. Assessment also takes into
integrated sub-strands
account the whole learner and his or her
(listening, speaking, reading,
social, academic, and physical context.
writing, and viewing) that
serve as building blocks for An integrative view of learning
understanding and creation of
meaning and for effective ❏Assessment attempts to capture the
communication across learner’s total array of skills and abilities. It
curricula (Matrix 1). measures language proficiency in the context
of specific subject matter. Assessment
• The revised curriculum re- procedures are based on the idea that various
organizes the Integrated aspects of a learner’s life, both academic and
Language Arts Curriculum personal, are integral to the development of
according to the content language proficiency and cannot be ignored.
standards that must be met by These dimensions include not only processes
all students at the end of basic such as acquiring and integrating knowledge,
education. extending and refining knowledge, and using
knowledge meaningfully, but also issues
COMPONENT 4: HOLISTIC
such as varying student attitudes towards
ASSESSMENT
learning.
Proximity to actual language use and
performance Developmental appropriateness

❏Assessment procedures should be based on ❏Assessment procedures set expectations

activities that have authentic communicative that are appropriate within the cognitive,
function rather than ones with little or no social, and academic development of the
intrinsic communicative value. These learner. This characteristic of assessment
activities are based on actual performance in makes it particularly valuable for second
authentic situations which the learner is language learners who come from culturally
likely to encounter in his or her daily life. diverse backgrounds and who may have
atypical educational experiences.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ASSESSMENT Multiple Referencing
a. Assessment entails obtaining information
A Holistic View of Language
about the learner from numerous sources and
❏Assessment procedures are based on the through various means.
notion that the interrelationships among the
b. For students, assessment should allow
various aspects of language, such as
them to see their own accomplishments in
terms that they understand and, consequently, 3. Break it down - Give the problem to
allows them to assume responsibility for their students step-by-step. Ask questions to
learning. Assessment should allow parents to help them figure out what they need to
share in the educational process, and offers learn and do. Think about how long the
them a clear insight into what their children problem will take and what students will
are doing in school. need.
4. Teacher's Plan - Write a guide to show
c. For teachers, the primary advantage of how you'll teach the problem, including
assessment is that it provides data on their lectures, group work, and discussions.
students and their classroom for educational 5. Help with Resources - Give students a
decision-making. In addition, it reports the few good places to start their research,
success of the curriculum and provides like websites or the library.
teachers with a framework for organizing
student’s works.
Language is the roadmap of a culture. It tells Project-Based Learning Lesson Plan
you where its people come from and where 1. Know What to Teach - Start with the
they are going. - Rita Mae Brown required learning goals (standards).
2. Set Project Goals - Use those goals to
decide what students should learn in the
Writing a Problem/Project-based project. Focus on long-lasting skills and
Learning Plan standards that involve doing or creating.
Importance of Writing a Problem/Project-based 3. Ask a Big Question - Come up with a
Learning Plan main question (or questions) the project
will try to answer. Figure out what the
Why? finished project should look like to show
they've learned the material.
Defines Learning Goals
4. Give Feedback Often - Plan how you'll
Organizes Teaching give students advice and track their
progress. Have students keep track of
Manages Time
their own progress, questions, and any
Boosts Engagement challenges they face.
5. Teach Important Stuff - Decide how
Improves Assessment
you'll teach the key information
Guidelines in Creating Problem-Based Learning students need. Don't teach everything at
(PBL) Problems once.
6. Talk to Students - Meet with groups
1. Focus on Core Concepts Start with a key
often. Ask questions to help them learn,
concept from the course and identify the
instead of just giving answers. Give extra
learning objectives.
lessons to groups that need them.
2. Real-World Relevance Create a realistic, 7. Share and reflect - Have students create
engaging scenario or case study that
something to show what they learned.
motivates students to solve the
problem, going beyond simple
calculations.
 A well-designed PBL lesson plan is a living Engaging tasks designed to develop
document, a blueprint not just for activities, understanding.
but for fostering genuine inquiry,
collaboration, and the transformation of Types of Activities
students into active, engaged learners. • Introductory Activities - Activate
prior knowledge (e.g.,
brainstorming).
PARTS OF A • Engagement Activities - Interactive
learning (e.g., group work).
LEARNING PLAN
• Application Activities- Reinforce
Steps and Guidelines for Effective Lesson learning (e.g., problem-solving).
Planning
• Ensure Inclusivity – Cater to
What is a Learning Plan? different learning styles.
• A structured guide that helps • Allocate Time Properly – Balance
teachers plan lessons effectively. instruction and interaction.
• Ensures alignment with learning
goals Guidelines for Effective Activities
Keep activities interactive and relevant.
Importance
• Helps maintain lesson flow Ensure they foster critical thinking and
creativity.
and student engagement.
• Ensures clear objectives, Provide clear instructions and examples.
meaningful activities, and Assessment and Evaluation
proper assessment.
Measuring student learning progress.
Learning Objectives:
Types of Assessment
• Statements describing what students
should learn and achieve. Formative - Ongoing checks (e.g., quizzes,
discussions).
Key Features
Summative - Final evaluation (e.g., exams,
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, projects).
Time-Bounded (SMART)
Steps in Designing Assessments
Steps in Writing Objectives:
Align with Objectives – What do you
• Identify the Learning Outcome want to measure?
• Use Action Verbs
• Make It Measurable Select the Right Method – Written, oral,
• Align with Standards or practical tests.
• Consider Student Needs Create Clear Rubrics – Set expectations
Learning Activities for grading.
 Ensure Fairness – Accommodate all ISTE - International Society for Technology in
learners. Education.

Give Feedback – Help students improve.

Guidelines for Effective Assessment
• Make assessments purposeful and
aligned with learning goals.
• Ensure clarity in instructions and
expectations.
• Use a variety of assessment
methods.
Materials and Resources
Tools and materials used for effective
teaching
Steps in Selecting Materials
• Identify Lesson Needs
• Choose Quality Resources
• Consider Student Accessibility
• Prepare in Advance
• Integrate Technology Wisely
Guidelines for Effective Use of Materials
• Choose age-appropriate and
engaging materials.
• Ensure they support learning
objectives.
• Make resources interactive when
possible.
Developing Learning Plan Integrating
ICT into Identified Language
Competencies
"According to ISTE's National
Educational Technology Standards,
"...candidates must continually observe
and participate textcafe join-from 3 in the
effective modeling of technology use for
both their own learning and the teaching
of their students."
 6 Steps for Integrating Technology into o Theme
your Lesson Plan
o POV
STEP 01: ANALYZE THE BENEFITS
o Emotional Content
STEP 02: START BRAINSTORMING
o Quality Language
STEP 03: MAP THE PROJECT
o Quality Images
STEP 04: CREATE THE TEACHING
o Clarity of Voice
TEMPLATE
o Thought Provoking Message
STEP 05: DEVELOP ASSESSMENT
TOOLS
STEP 06: EVALUATION MODE HOW TO CREATE DIGITAL
STORYTELLING?
1. Start with a topic
Digital Storytelling, Blogging, Podcasting,
and Vodcasting 2. Research
Digital Storytelling 3. Develop script
- is a combination of the ancient art of oral 4. Edit
storytelling with a pallete of technical tools to
weave personal stories using digital images, 5. Add multimedia
graphics, music and sound mixed together DIGITAL STORYTELLING TOOLS
with the authors own story voice.
SOCK PUPPETS
- empowers teachers abilities to communicate
and integrate technologies into the SLIDE STORY
curriculum. PUPPET PALS
WHAT ARE THE EDUCATIONAL ZOOBURST
PURPOSES OF DEVELOPING
DIGITAL STORYTELLING? What is Blogging?

• Self-Expression It is the process that implies creating articles,

• Entertainment photos, and other forms of content and
• Language Learning publishing them on a website.
• Call for Action Benefits of Blogging in Language
• Autobiography or Learning
Biography
• Promote self-expression
ELEMENTS OF A DIGITAL
STORYTELLING • Develop analytical thinking

o Over all purpose • Exercise students’ creativity

 • Improve students’ writing SoundCloud
skills
Google Classroom (for private class sharing)
• Encourages the sharing of
What is Vodcasting?
resources among students and
teachers Vodcasting is the practice of creating and
distributing video-based content in a format
BLOGGING PLATFORMS
similar to podcasts.
WordPress
Why Use Vodcasts?
Medium
Easy to access on phones and computers.
Weebly
Engage students to retain more information
LinkedIn when both visual and auditory elements are
involved.
What is Podcasting?
Benefits of Vodcasting in Language
Podcasting is creating and sharing audio
Learning
recordings online.
• Improve Listening and
It includes storytelling, discussions,
Pronunciation
interviews, and more.
• Real-Life Context &
Why Use Podcasts? Cultural Exposure
• Increased Motivation &
Easy to access on phones and computers. Engagement
Engages students with interesting topics and • Encourage Speaking &
voices. Imitation
• Expands Vocabulary &
Benefits of Podcasting in Language Grammar Awareness
Learning
Tools and Platforms
• Improves Listening Skills
• YouTube
• Builds Speaking Confidence
• Vimeo
• Pronunciation and fluency
• Spotify
• Encourages Creativity
• Facebook Watch
• Interactive Learning
• Instagram (IGTV&Reels)
Tools and Platforms
• Tiktok
• For Recording and Editing:
• TED Talks
Audacity (Free, easy to use)
Anchor (Mobile app for beginners)
• For Sharing:
 ALIGNMENT OF LANGUAGE AND - Later success in reading is highly
LITERACY DOMAINS predicted by one’s understanding
of the alphabet.
5. Writing and Composition
 What does Alignment of Language - It involves organizing concepts
and Literacy mean? into lengthier phrases or
- It is to achieve harmony and sentences and expressing them
correspondence in all the using the standard written
dimensions of language and language orthography.
literacy instruction. This 6. Phonics and Word Recognition
encompasses a balance approach - Understanding the alphabet
in which the development and principle, the notion that letters
improvement of listening, and letter patterns correspond to
speaking, reading, and writing spoken language sounds is
skills is insightfully combined to essential to children’s
benefit the students in their development as readers.
overall language development 7. Fluency
and proficiency. - Writing with appropriate speed
and ease.
Attitude towards Language, Literacy, and 8. Reading Comprehension
Literature - Understanding the meaning of
- Create an environment that is text, identifying key details, and
abundant in print making inferences
9. Vocabulary Development
1. Oral Language - Using varied and precise
- Oral language development is a vocabulary in writing.
prerequisite for literacy Content Standards
development. An understanding
of the spoken language is - Content standards are broad
necessary for a child to succeed statements explaining what
inn reading and writing in that students should know, care about
language. and be able to do in each level of
2. Phonological Awareness learning.
- Children must learn how the
Performance Standards
sounds in words function before
they can learn to read print. - Performance standards are used to
3. Book and Print Knowledge evaluate what specific,
- Children should be read to measurable evidence is
frequently as this will teach them acceptable in determining
the correct way to handle books. whether content standards have
4. Alphabet Knowledge been met.
 Nature of Project-based and Problem- communication skills,
based Approaches in Language Teaching vocabulary, and cultural
understanding.
• Life-long learning: PBL helps
Problem-based learning in language
students develop a sense of
acquisition
ownership and self-esteem
- (PBL) is a teaching method that over their work.
uses real-world problems to help
Teaching English using Project-based
students learn language and other
Approach
concepts. It can be a valuable tool
for English language learners It means structuring lessons around student-
(ELLs) to develop driven projects where learners actively
communication skills, engage in researching, analyzing, and
vocabulary, and cultural creating a final product to demonstrate their
understanding. understanding of English language skills
while applying them in a meaningful, real-
world context, often involving collaboration
How PBL works? and critical thinking; this method aims to
enhance engagement and deeper learning
• Real-world problems: PBL compared to traditional rote memorization
uses complex problems that techniques.
are relevant to the students'
lives. Key Aspects of Project-based English
teaching:
• Active learning: Students
work in groups to explore the Real-world relevance:
problems and find solutions.
• Projects are designed to
• Critical thinking: PBL helps mimic real-life situations,
students develop critical allowing students to practice
thinking and problem-solving English in contexts they might
skills. encounter, like creating a
travel blog, designing a
• Self-assessment: Students community poster, or
evaluate their own work and conducting an interview
make improvements. simulation.
Benefits of PBL Student-centered learning:
• Authentic learning: PBL • Students have a degree of
helps students learn language autonomy in choosing project
in a way that's relevant to their topics, deciding on research
lives. methods, and collaborating
• Critical instruction: PBL with peers, fostering
helps students develop ownership over their learning.
Integrated skills development: Development of critical thinking skills:
• Projects naturally incorporate • Researching, analyzing
all four language skills information, and problem-
(reading, writing, speaking, solving are essential
and listening) as students components of project-based
gather information, analyze learning.
data, communicate findings,
Improved communication skills:
and present their work.
• Presenting projects to an
Collaborative work:
audience allows students to
• Most projects involve practice speaking fluently and
working in teams, promoting confidently.
communication, negotiation,
Considerations when using Project-based
and conflict resolution skills
learning
while practicing English in a
social setting. Clear learning objectives:
• Ensure the project aligns with
specific language learning
Examples of Project-based English
goals and clearly outlines the
activities:
expected outcomes.
• Creating a video news report
Scaffolding and support:
• Designing a travel brochure
• Provide adequate guidance,
• Writing a blog series structure, and feedback
throughout the project
• Developing a community
process, especially for
awareness campaign
beginner learners.
Benefits of Project-based English teaching
Assessment strategies:
Increased engagement:
• Develop rubrics to effectively
• Students are more motivated evaluate students' language
when they can actively skills and project quality
participate in projects that are across different aspects like
relevant to their lives and research, writing,
interests. presentation, and
collaboration.
Deeper language acquisition:
• By applying language skills in
a meaningful context,
students gain a deeper
understanding of grammar
and vocabulary usage.
 Productivity Tools in Teaching and WPS Office Writer
Learning Languages
A word processing application within the
Productivity tool- is a computer application WPS Office suite that supports various
that enhances the efficiency of individuals by document formats, including Microsoft
providing support for common office tasks, Word.
such as word processing, spreadsheet
Uses:
management, and creating presentations.
•Creating and editing documents offline and
Ms Word
online
 A widely used word processor with
•Supporting multiple file formats like
advanced formatting, design, and
DOCX, PDF, and TXT
editing features.
•Providing built-in templates for professional
Uses:
document design
•Creating and formatting professional
•Offering cloud storage integration for
documents
document access across devices
•Supporting multiple file formats (DOCX,
LibreOffice Writer
PDF, RTF)
A free and open-source word processor that
•Providing advanced grammar and style
is part of the LibreOffice suite, offering
suggestions
advanced document formatting and editing
•Integrating with OneDrive for cloud storage tools.
and collaboration
Uses:
Google Docs
•Creating and formatting professional
A cloud-based word processor that allows documents
users to create, edit, and share documents
•Supporting open document formats (ODT)
online with real-time collaboration.
and Microsoft Word files
Uses:
•Offering extensive customization and free
•Writing and editing documents from any plugins
device
•Running on multiple operating systems
•Collaborating with multiple users in real without licensing costs
time
•Storing documents securely on Google
Drive
•Integrating with Google Workspace tools
like Sheets and Slides
Features Uses:
• Presentation Templates • Data entry
• Multimedia Integration • Data management
• Customization Options • Accounting
• Animations and Transitions • Financial analysis
Key benefits • Charting and graphing
• Enhances Visual Learning • Programming
• Encourages Interactive Learning • Time management
• Supports Multisensory Learning • Task management
• Saves Time for Teachers • Financial management
• Develops Digital Literacy Google Sheets
• Encourages Creativity Google Sheets is a spreadsheet application
and part of the free, web-based Google Docs
Electronic Spreadsheet
Editors suite offered by Google. Google
• An electronic spreadsheet is Sheets is available as a web application; a
analogous to an accountant’s ledger mobile app for: Android, iOS, and as a
sheet. desktop application on Google's ChromeOS.
The app is compatible with Microsoft Excel
• It contains rows and columns for file format.
entering character or numerical data.
Uses:
Parts of a Spreadsheet
• Editing
1. Rows
• Organizing
2. Columns
• Analyzing
3. Cells
LibreOffice Calc
4. Range
Calc is the spreadsheet component of
Microsoft Excel LibreOffice. You can enter data (usually
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor numerical) into a spreadsheet and then
developed by Microsoft for Windows, manipulate this data to produce certain
macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features results. Its native file format is Open
calculation or computation capabilities, Document Format (ODF), an open standard
graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro format that is being adopted by governments
programming language called Visual Basic worldwide as a required file format for
for Applications. publishing and accepting documents.
Uses: • integration
• Calculations Disadvantages
• Analyzing • Vulnerable to fraud
• Data management • More chances of error
Spreadsheets are calculating tools that can • Difficult to share internally
be applied to:
• Difficult for data visualization
• Numeral applications
• Security risks
• Problems of description
• Difficult to scale
• Problems involving relationships
Use of spreadsheets for language
• Problems involving analysis Learning
• Problems where large volumes of The use of spreadsheets for language learning
data to be manipulated, saved, and and interdisciplinary projects has many
compiled benefits not only for language teachers of
informatics and computer science.
• Statistical applications
There is the aspect of motivation, which is an
• Spreadsheets can be used across the
essential precondition of the learning and
curriculum in education.
memory process.
• Spreadsheet are also called
worksheets.
• Teachers use spreadsheets most
commonly for grade computation, the
development of instructional
materials, and lesson planning.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Spreadsheets
Advantages
• Free to use
• Easy to use
• Easy to track payments
• Business plan
• Accounting
• Formatting