TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 24

Chapter 4
PEB Concept for Low Span Industrial Building

4.1 Introduction
In little range Pre-built Industrial structure length go is kept between 10m-18m. The accessible
profiles of slants for low range modern structure are 1:10,1:12 &1:20.
4.2 Case Study of Low Span Pre-Engineered Industrial building
Location: Vijaywada
Utility: Cement Godown
Building width: 15m
Building Length: 50m
Eave height: 5m
C/C of Main frames: 6.25m
Maximum spacing of Purlin & Girt: 1.5m
Slope of Roof: 1:12
Structural material yield stress: 345MPa except bracing rods & Base plate.
Area covered: 15m x 50m

15.05 m

6.25 m
5m

15 m

Fig.4.1Lean to frame
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 25

15.05 m

6.25m
5m

Fig.4.2 (a) ELEVATION

15 m

6.25m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m
50 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

5m 5m 5m

Fig.4.2(b) PLAN

Fig.4.2 Plan and Elevation of Low Span PEIB

Fig 4.2 (a) shows elevation and fig 4.2(b) shows plan having 60 m length and 15 m width and
spacing between them is 6.25 m .Fig (a) having slope roof of 1:12
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 26

Fig.4.3 Three dimensional view of low span PEIB

The following codes have been used for the design of members

Basic codes:

IS: 800-1984: Code of practice for general construction in steel.

IS: 801-1975: Code of practice for use of Cold-formed light gauge steel structural member’s in
general building construction.

Other codes:

IS: 875(Part2)-1987: Imposed loads

IS: 875(Part3)-1987: Wind loads

BS: 5950(part5)-1998: Code of practice for design of Cold-formed thin gauge sections.

“Metal building systems Manual-1996” Metal buildings manufacturers association.

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 27

4.3 Loading
Imposed Load
As per Table 2 of IS: 875(Part2) UDL on roof measured on plan area for slope less than

10o = 75 kg/m2

Wind Load
According to Clause 5.3 of IS: 875(Part3)

Vz = Vb K1 K2 K3

Location assumed – Vijay Wada

Basic Wind speed Vb = 50 m/s
K1= 1.0 i.e. Risk co-efficient from table 1 of IS: 875 (Part3)
K2= 0.88 from table 2 of IS: 875 (Part3)
K3=1.0 Topography factor
Design Wind speedVz = 50x1x0.88x1 = 44 m/sec
Design Wind PressurePz = 0.6Vz 2 = 0.6x442 = 1161.6 N/m2
CALCULATION OF EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT “Cpe”
I. 1) Roof
Referring to Table 6 of IS: 875(Part3)
Here h = 5m; w=15m

Roof Angle5o

50 m

15 m

Building Plan
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 28

Wind across Length of Building

0.5 N 1.0 N

Wind along Length of Building

0.5 N
1
1.0 N .
0

2) Walls
Referring to Table 4 of IS: 875(Part3)
h 5 1 1
= = <
w 15 3 2
l 50
= = 3.33 < 4
w 15
a) Wind across Length of Building

0.1 (F/S) 0.25 N

0.7 N

Fig.4.4 Wind across Length

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 29

b) Wind along Length of Building

Gable side
0.5 N
0.5 N

0.7 (N/S)

Fig.4.5Wind along Length

Considering openings to be <5% of Total Area.
Internal pressure coefficientCpe = ±0.2
4.4 Purlin design
a) Dead Load
Unit wt. /m of sheeting @ 0.06 kN/m2 = 0.06 x 1.5 = 0.09 kN/m
Unit wt. /m or Self wt. of Purlin = 0.07 kN/m
Total Dead Load per meter on each Purlin = 0.16 kN/m (↓)
a) Imposed Load
Imposed Load intensity on Purlin = 0.75 kN/m2
Total Imposed Load per metre on each Purlin = 0.75 x 1.5 =1.125 kN/m (↓)
Wind Load
Maximum Wind Load per metre on each Purlin= (1+0.2) x1.161x1.5
= 2.09 kN/m (↑)
Since the Slope is very small, all the forces are assumed to act vertically w.r.t Purlin section
Load Combination1- Dead Load + Imposed Load
Total Load per metre on Each Purlin = 0.16+1.125 =1.285KN/m (↓)
Load Combination2- Dead Load + Wind Load
Total Load per metre on Each Purlin = 0.16 - 2.09=1.93KN/m (↑)

Hence” Load Combination 2” is more critical

Considering the Purlin as Continuous members with overlap of 285mm on either side for
splicing purpose as shown in figure below:
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 30

Fig.4.6 overlapping of secondary members

[https://archinect.com/forum/thread/149971695/primary-vs-secondary-structure]

According to STAAD analysis, Maximum Span Moment= 5.84 KN-m

Maximum Negative Moment near support at a distance of 285mm from support= 5.959 KN-m.

Fig.4.7

Property of the Z-section selected is as shown below:

TABLE 4.1
Area Thickness Weight/metre Ixx Iyy Zxx Zyy
8.37sq.cm 2.55mm 6.57Kg/m 439cm4 58.8cm4 46.21cm3 10.01cm3

Checking the above section based on Section 9 of BS: 5950 Part5-1998

1. Overall Depth < 100 t
190 mm< 100 x 2.55
190 < 255 (O.K)
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 31

2. Overall Width of Compression Flange/ Thickness i.e. B/t ≤ 35

60/2.55= 23.52mm<35mm (O.K.)
3. Width of Lip > B/5
20mm > 60/5
20mm>12mm (O.K)
4. Total Width over both Flange>L/60
60x2>6250/60
120>104.17(O.K)
5. Zxx provided> WL/1800cm3
Where W=D.L+L.L=1.285kN/m
46.21cm3>1.285x6.25x6250/1800
46.21 cm3>27.89 cm3 (O.K)
Checking the above section based on IS: 801-1975.
W/t = (60-2x5.55)/2.55=19.17, considering inside bending radius=3mm
1)Minimum Overall depth required as per clause no.5.2.2.1 of IS: 801-1975.

= 2.8t 6 √(w⁄t)2 − 281200⁄fy But not less than 4.8t

Here fy = 3450 kg/cm2

= 2.8x0.2556 √(19.17)2 − 281200⁄3450 = 1.83cm = 18.3mm < 20𝑚𝑚

4.8t=4.8x2.55=12.24mm<18.3mm (O.K)

2) Calculation for Laterally un braced beams

Calculation of effective design width of compressive element as per clause no.5.2.2.1 of IS: 801-
1975

w 1435
= (t) = = 41.4 Where f = 0.75 x 1600 = 1200 kg/cm2
lim √f

w = 41.4 x 2.55 = 105.57 mm > (60 – 2x 5.55) i.e. 48.9 mm

Hence full flange is effective in compression.

Referring to clause no.6.3 (b) of IS: 801-1975.

L2 Sxc
; Where L = Unbraced Length of the member = 2.08 m (considering sag rods at spacing
dIyc

2.08m)
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 32

Iyc = Moment of inertia of the compression portion of a section about the gravity axis of the
entire section parallel to the web=Iy/2=58.8/ 2=29.4 cm4

Sxc= Zxx= 46.21 cm3

d = Depth of the section =190 mm
L2 Sxc 2082 x46.21
= = 3579 (A)
dIyc 19x29.4

0.18π2 ECb
= 1030 (B)
fy

0.9π2 ECb
= 5150 (C)
fy

Where E = 2 x 106 kg/cm2

fy= 3450 kg/cm2

(A) > (B)

(A) < (C)

2 L2 x Sxc fy 2
Hence Fb = 3 f ( d x ) − 2.7π2 EC
Iyc b
y

2 34502
Fb = x3450 − x3579 = 1500.7 kg/cm2
3 2.7π2 x2. x102 x1

Fb = 150.07 N/mm2
Referring to Clause no. 6.1 of IS: 801-1975
F (Basic design stress) = 0.6Fy = 0.6 x 3450 = 2070 kg/cm2
F = 207 N/mm2
Hence, Fb = 150.07N/mm2 is the governing value
Since here Wind load condition is critical,
Fbperm = 1.33 x 150.07 = 199.59 Mpa
M 5.84 x 106
Fbact = =
Zxx 46.21 x 103
Fbact = 126.37Mpa < 199.59Mpa (safe)
Check for Deflection according to M. B. M. A (Due to Live load only)
a) Permissible Deflection due to Imposed load on Purlin as per MBMA = span/240.
6250
δperm = = 26.04mm
240
Load due to Imposed load only = 1.125x6.25=7.03 kN.
b) Calculated Deflection due to Imposed load on Purlin
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 33

5xwl4 5xWl3 5x7.03x103 x62503

δcal = = = = 25.46mm < 26.04𝑚𝑚
384EI 384EI 384x2x105 x439x104

Hence found safe when checked for deflection.

Calculation for Shear Stress in web
Referring to Clause .no. 6.4 of IS: 801-1975
h = 190 - (2x2.55) =178.9mm
h/ t=70.15
4590
= 78.14 > 70.15
√Fy

1275√Fy
Hence Maximum Average Permissible shear stress,Fv = h
t

1275√1380
Fv = = 675.18 kg/cm2
70.15
Maximum Fy = 0.4 Fy=0.4 x 3450 =1380kg/cm2

Fv = 67.51 N/mm2
Actual Shear stress for Dead Load + Wind Load = 1.93 kN/m
1.93x103 x6.25
Actual Shear stress = = 26.45 N/mm2
178.9x2.55
= 26.45 Mpa< 67.51 x1.33
= 26.45 Mpa< 89.78 Mpa

Check for Combined Shear & Bending Stress in Web

Referring to Clause No. 6.4.2 & 6.4.3 of IS: 801-1975

36560000 36560000
Fbw = =
h 2 (70.15)2
(t)

Fbw = 7429.3 kg/cm2

Fbw= 742.93 N/mm2

F = 0.6 x 33450 = 2070kg/cm2 = 207 N/mm2

√(fbw /Fbw )2 + (fv /Fv )2 ≤ 1.0

√(126.37/199.59)2 + (26.45/89.8)2 = 0.698 ≤ 1.0 Hence Safe

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 34

4.5 Side Girt design

Assuming Side Girt spacing = 1.5m

Span of Side Girt = 6.25m

a) Dead Load

Unit weight per metre run of Sheeting @ 0.06 kN/m2 = 0.06 x 1.5 = 0.09 kN/m
Unit weight per metre run for self-weight of Side Girt = 0.07 kN/m
Total Dead Load per metre on each Girt = 0.16 kN/m
b) Wind Load
Maximum Suction Wind Load per metre = (0.5+0.2) x 1.161x1.5=1.21kN/m.
Maximum Pressure Wind Load per metre = (0.7+0.2) x1.161x1.5=1.56 kN/m.
Considering the Side Girt as Continuous members with overlap of 285mm on either side for
splicing purpose
0.16x6.252
My = Due to Dead Load only
10

My = 0.625 kN m
 Gravity load due to Dead Load+ Wind Load = 1.93 KN/m
 Horizontal Load due to Wind Load = 1.56 KN/m
 Maximum Negative moment = 5.96 KNm
1.56
Mx = ( x5.96) Due to Maximum Wind Load only
1.93

Mx = 4.82 kN m
Sag rods needs to be placed at 1/3 of Span i.e. 2.08m.
Checking the adequancy of Girt section as per BS: 5950- Part 5
Using the same Section as used for Purlin i.e. Lipped “Z”
Section(20mmx60mmx190mmx2.55mmthick) @ 6.57 Kg/m
1) Overall Depth < 100 t
190mm< 100x2.55
190< 255 (O.K)

2) Overall Depth > L/45

190mm > 138.89mm (O.K)

3) Total width of both flanges > L/60

= 60x2 > 6250 /60
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 35

=120 > 104.17(O.K)

4) Overall Width of Compression Flange/ Thickness i.e. B/t £ 35
= 60 / 2.55 = 23.52 < 35 (O.K)

5) Width of Lip > B/5

6) 20 > 60 /5
20 > 12 (O.K)
6) Unity check as per BS: 5950 Part-5
Checking for Design expression for “Z” sheeting rails as per Table 13 of BS: 5950 Part-5
Consider Span as Continuous & two rows of Vertical supports at 1/3 of Span.
Ww L Wd L
+ ≤ 1.0
2250Zx 16880Zy
Where,
Ww = 1.56x6.25 = 9.75 kN Wind Load on Girt causing Tension on inside face.
Wd= 0.16x6.25 = 1 or 2 kN whichever is greater.
9.75x6250 2.6250
+ = 0.58 + 0.073 = 0.65 ≤ 1.0 Hence Safe
2250x46.21 16880x10.01

4.6 End wall Column design

6.2500
5.0000

5.000

Fig.4.8 Gable End Wind

Fig 4.8 shows end wall column having bending momemt and spacing of 5 mc/c
Loadings:
Bending Moment on end wall Column due to Wind load from Gable end side Axial
Compressive Load due to Self weight of side sheeting, girt etc.
Consider End wall Column spacing 5m c/c
Dead Load
Assume Self weight due to side sheeting and Girt = 0.16 kN/m.
Load at each node (junction with side Girt) on end wall Column 0.16x5 =0.8kN Axial
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 36

Compressive Load on end wall column due to Side sheeting & Girt =0.8x3=2.4 kN.
Where 3 is the number of Girts
Assume Self Weight of Column = 1.5kN.
Maximum Length of End wall Column =5.84m.
Total Axial Compressive Load = 1.5+2.4=3.9kN.

Wind Load
Wind Load on End wall Column due to Wind influence area
= 5x5.84x0.9x1.161=30.52kN
Consider End wall Column pinned at both the ends.
30.52x5.84
Mxmax = = 22.28 kNm
8
Shear Force at ends (supports) due to Wind Load = 30.52/2 = 15.26 kN
The properties of the single section are as listed below

TABLE 4.2
Area in Weight Ixx Iyy Zxx Zyy rxx ryy
cm2 (kg/m) cm4 cm4 cm3 cm3

14.2 11.2 704 119.4 78.2 22.2 7.04 2.89

cm2 (kg/m) cm4 cm4 cm3 cm3

180.000

2.0000

80.000
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 37

180.000

4.000

80.000

Fig.4.9Combined Section Back To Back

Combines sections shows X and Y axis of length 180 m and width 80 m
The properties of the combined section are as listed below:
TABLE4.3
Area in Weight Ixx Iyy Zxx Zyy rxx ryy
2 4 4 3 3
cm (kg/m) cm cm cm cm

28.4 22.4 1408 432 156.4 54 7.04 3.9

As per clause no. 6.6.3 of IS: 801-1975

KL 1x584
= = 82.95 < 200
rx 7.04
KL 1x150
= = 38.46 < 200
ry 3.9
Considering Compression Flange restrained at 1.5m spacing c/c
Finding out “Fa1” i.e. Permissible average compressive stress as per Clause no.6.6.1.1of IS: 801-
1975

2π2 E 2π2 x2x106

Cc = √ =√ = 107
Fy 3450

Calculation of Effective design width of Compression element as per Clauseno.5.2.1.1 of IS:

801-1975.

w 1435 1435
( ) = =
t lim √f √20
Considering Actual Stress in Compressive element f = 20kg/cm2
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 38

w
( ) = 321 or w = 321x4 = 1284
t lim
Q=1.0
Where Q = Effective Design Area / Full or Gross Area.
Steel thickness used is 4mm> 2.29mm.
KL
= 82.95 < Cc = 107
r
KL
As < Cc according to Clause no. 6.6.1.1. (b) of IS: 801-1975.
rx
2
(KL⁄r)
(1 − ) Fy
2(Cc )2
Fa1 = 3
5 3 (KL⁄r) (KL⁄r)
+ 8x −
3 Cc 8(Cc )3

(82.95)2
(1 − 2(107)2 ) x3450 kg
Fa1 = 5 (82.95)3
= 1276.39 = 127.64 N/mm2
+ 8x
3 (82.95)
− 8(107)3 cm2
3 107

Permissible Axial Compressive under Wind Load = 127.64x1.33 =169.76 Mpa.

3900
Actual Axial Compressive Stress = = 1.37 Mpa
28.4𝑥102
Calculation For Permissible Compressive Bending Stress
As per Clause no. 6.3 of IS: 801-1975
F (Basic design stress) = 0.6Fy = 0.6x3450 =2070kg/cm2 =207 N/mm2
Under Wind Load Condition Fb= 207 x 1.33 = 275.31N/mm2
w 1435 1435
(t) = = = 37Where f = 0.75 x 2000 = 1500 kg/cm2
lim √f √1500

w = 148 mm > 66 mm Hence Full flange is effective in compression.

Referring to Clause no.6.3 (a) of IS: 801-1975.
L = 1.5m is Unbraced Length i.e. Spacing of side Girts.
Sxc = Zxx =156.4 cm3
Iyy 432
Iyc = = = 216 cm4
2 2
L2 Sxc 1502 x156.4
= = 905 (1)
dIyc 18x216

0.36π2 ECb
= 2060 (2)
Fy

1.8π2 ECb
= 10299 (3)
Fy

(1) < (2)

0.0
.Hence,
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 39

Fb = 275.31 N/mm2
22.28x106
Fbcact = = 142.46 < 275.31 𝑀𝑝𝑎
156.4x103
Unity Check
Referring to Clause no. 6.7.2 Of IS: 801-1975,
fa 1.37
= = 0.0080 < 0.15
Fa1 169.76
fb 142.46
= = 0.52
Fb1 275.31
fa fb
+ < 1.0
Fa1 Fb1
fa fb
+ = 0.52 < 1.0 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒
Fa1 Fb1
Check for Deflection
Permissible Deflection due to Wind load on Column as per MBMA
span 5840
δallow = = = 48.67 mm
120 120

Calculated Deflection due to Wind load on Column

5xwl4 5xWl3 5x30.52x103 x58403
δcal = = = = 28.1 mm < 48.67𝑚𝑚
384EI 384EI 384x2x105 x1408x104

Hence the Column is found safe when checked for Deflection.

4.7 Eave Beam design

Maximum Wind force on Gable end= (0.7+0.2)x1.161x(15x5+0.5x15x1.25)=88.163KN.
Axial Compressive force at each corner i.e. on each Eave Beam=88.163/4=22.04kN.
Wind force due to drag by Clause no.6.3.1 of IS: 875 PART 3-1987
d = 50m b = 15m h = 5m
h<b; d/h =50/5 =10 > 4
Cf ′ = 0.04
F ′ = Frictional drag force = Cf ′ (d − 4h)bPd + Cf ′ (d − 4h)2bPd
F ′ = 0.04x(50 − 4x5)x15x1.161 + 0.04x(50 − 4x5)x2x15x1.161 = 34.83 kN
Therefore Frictional Drag force on each Eave Beam = 34.83/2=17.42KN.
Total Maximum Axial Load on Eave beam = 22.043 + 17.42 = 39.463 KN.
The Cross-section selected as Eave beam is as shown below:
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 40

50.00

3.200
125.00

16.800

Fig.4.10Eave Beam design

The property of the Lipped C section is as listed below:

TABLE4.4
Area in cm2 7.81
Weight (kg/m) 6.13
Ixx 181cm4
Iyy 27 cm4
Zxx 29 cm3
Zyy 8 cm3
rxx 4.82 cm

ryy 1.84 cm
Cyy 1.68 cm
Xo 4.05
J 0.2665 cm4
Cw 965 cm6

Referring to Clause no.6.6.1.2 of IS: 801-1975.

π2 E π2 x2x106
σex = = 2 = 10566
KL 2
(r ) (208.33⁄4.82)
x

ro = √rx 2 + ry 2 + Xo 2 = √4.822 + 1.842 + 4.052 = 6.56 cm

1 π2 ECw 1 π2 x2x106 x965 kg

σt = 2
[GJ + 2
] = 2
[795000x02665 + 2
] = 1936.23 2
Aro (KL) 7.81x6.56 (208.33) cm
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 41

= 193.63N/mm2
xo 2 4.05 2
β= 1−( ) =1−( ) = 0.62
ro 6.56
1
σTFO = [(σex + σt ) − √(σex + σt )2 − 4βσex σt ]
2β
1
σTFO = [(10566 + 1936) − √(10566 + 1936)2 − 4x0.62x10566x1936]
2x0.62
= 1796.2kg/cm2
σTFO = 179.62N/mm2
kg kg
σTFO = 1796.2 2
> 0.5cfy = 0.5x3450 = 1725 2
cm cm
Fy 2
Fa2 = 0.522Fy −
7.67xσTFO
34502
Fa2 = 0.522x3450 − = 936.95
7.67x1796.2
kg
Fa2 = 1.33x936.95 = 1246.14 2
cm
w 1435 1435
( ) = = = 52.4
t lim √f √750
Where f = 0.75 x 1000 =750kg/cm2is actual stress in compressive element.
W = 52. 4x 3. 2=167.67mm > 114.6 hence full flange and web are effective in compression.
Actual Axial compressive stress under Wind Load
39.46x103 N N
39.46kN = 2
= 50.52 2
< 124.61
7.81x10 mm mm2
Hence above section was found safe for axial compressive Stress.
Finding out Fbpermas per Clause no.6.3. (a) of IS: 801-1975.
L2 Sxc
dIyc
Iyc = Iy/2 = 27/2 cm4
Sxc = Zxx=29 cm3
d = 125mm=12.5cm
L = 208.33cm
L2 Sxc
= 7458.6 (1)
dIyc

0.36π2 ECb
= 2060 (2)
Fy

1.8π2 ECb
= 10299 (3)
Fy

(1) > (2)

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 42

(1) < (3)

2 fy 2 L2 x Sxc
Fb = fy − ( )
3 2.7π2 ECb d x Iyc
2 34502
Fb = x3450 − 2 6
x7458.6 = 1467.6 kg/cm2
3 5.4π x2. x10 x1
Fbperm = 146.71x1.33 = 195.12Mpa
Considering Eave beam as simply supported
(0.7 + 0.2)x1.161x1.5x6.25
Wind Load on Eave beam = = 4.89kN
2
4.89x6.25
Mx = = 3.82kNm
8
3.82𝑥106
Actual Bending Stress = = 131.74 𝑀𝑝𝑎
29𝑥103
Total Compressive Stress = 131.74+50.52= 182.26 Mpa< 0.6 x 345 x 1.33 (O.K)
Total Compressive Stress=182.26 Mpa< 275.31 Mpa; Hence Safe
4.8 Bracings design

6.25 m
5m

Fig.4.11Bracings design
[https://www.steelconstruction.info/Braced_frames]
Total Maximum Axial Load on Eave beam = 39.458 KN.
6.25
𝜃 = tan−1 ( ) = 45𝑜
6.25
39.458 39.458
Force in Vertical Bracing member = = = 55.8𝑘𝑁
cos 𝜃 cos 45
Using “X” Bracings at both ends Fy = 250 Mpa.
55.8x103
Areareqd = = 139.84 mm2
2x0.6x250x1.33
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 43

Using 20mm Diameter Rod,

0.8xπx202
Areaprovided = = 251.32mm2 > 139.84mm2 Hence Ok
4
Using 20mm dia Rod @ 2.47 Kg/m
4.9 Main frame design
Load Calculation
Dead Load:

Dead weight (Roof Sheeting & Purlins) on frame is considered as 0.1 7kN/m2
Hence, Loads on rafter as U.D.L = 0.17 x 6.25 = 1.0625 KN/m (↓)
Nodal Loads on Column at Girt Points = 0.17 x 1.5 x 6.25 = 1.59 KN (↓)
Total Load transferred by Girt & Sheeting on Column = 1.59 x 3 = 4.78 kN
Where 3 is the no. of Girts.

b) Service Load:
Service Load on the Rafter is considered as 0.1 kN/m2
Hence, Loads on rafter as U.D.L = 0.1 x 6.25 = 0.625 kN/m(↓)

c) Imposed Load:
As θ<10oLive Load = 0.75kN/m2
Hence, Loads on rafter as U.D.L = 0.75 x 6.25 = 4.6875 kN/m(↓)

d) Wind Load:
1.2N 0.3 N
0.7 N 0.8 N
1.2 KN

0.5 N
0.45 N 0.9 N 0.05 N

Wind Across Length Of Building

In this due to wind space forces acted from each frame
 TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 44

1.2 N 1.2 N 1.2 N

1.2 N

0.3 N 1.2 N
0.7 N 0.7 N

Wind along Length Of Building

In this due to wind space forces acted from each frame

Loads considered:
a) Dead Load
1.0625 KN/m

0.954 KN/m

Fig.4.12(a)Dead load

Fig.4.12(a) shows Dead load having uniform distributed load over the entire span.

1) Live Load
4.6875 KN/m

Fig.4.12(b)Live load

Fig.4.12(a) shows live load having uniform distributed load over the entire span.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 45

1) Service Load
0.625 KN/m

Fig.4.12(c)Service Load

Fig.4.12(a) shows service load having uniform distributed load over the entire span.

1) Wind Load -1 (windward)

8.70 KN/m

5.08 KN/m

3.27 KN/m
3.63 KN/m

Fig.4.12(d)Wind Load -1 (windward)

Fig 4.12 (d) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it
2) Wind Load -1(Leeward)
8.70 KN/m
5.08 KN/m

3.63 KN/m
3.27 KN/m

Fig.4.12(e)Wind Load -1(Leeward)

Fig 4.12 (e) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 46

3) Wind Load-2(Windward)
5.8 KN/m

2.17 KN/m

0.36 KN/m
6.53 KN/m

Fig.4.12(f)Wind Load-2(Windward)
Fig 4.12 (f) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it
3) Wind Load-2 (Leeward)
5.80 KN/m
2.17 KN/m

6.53 KN/m
0.36 KN/m

Fig.4.12(g)Wind Load-2 (Leeward)

Fig 4.12 (g) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it
4) Wind Load-3
8.7 KN/m

5.07 KN/m 5.07 KN/m

Fig.4.12(h)Wind Load-3
Fig 4.12 (h) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 47

4) Wind Load-4

8.7 KN/m

2.17 KN/m

2.17 KN/m

Fig.4.12(i)Wind Load-4

Fig 4.12 (i) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it

Load Combination
The STAAD analysis has been carried out considering the following combination of Individual
load cases:

1) D.L + L.L +S.L

2) D.L +W.L1 (windward)

3) D.L + W.L1(leeward)

4) D.L + W.L2(windward)

5) D.L + W.L2(leeward)

6) D.L+W.L3

7) D.L+W.L4
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 48

7.6101
7.6840

Member 3
Member 2

Member 4 6.25000
5.0000 Member 1

The Maximum Designed Axial force, Shear force and Bending moment for the Four members is
as shown below:
TABLE 4.5
Member no. Axial force (kN) Shear force (kN) Moment (kNm)
1 55.5 (C) 30.4 104.4
2 32.4 (T) 49.9 106
3 32.7 (T) 58.3 149
4 62 (C) 37.5 149

The Frame with configuration of all four members is as shown below:

2-D View of Frame

The Depth of flange, web thickness and flange width are kept constant throughout the
Pre-engineered Lean to portal frame
Properties of Members of The Frame
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 49

TABLE4.6
Member Depth of Depth of thickness Width of thickness of
no. Section at Section of web flange flange
Start Node at End Node
1 250 mm 400 mm 6 mm 200 mm 10 mm
2 400 mm 400 mm 6 mm 200 mm 10 mm
3 400 mm 400 mm 6 mm 200 mm 10 mm
4 400 mm 250 mm 6 mm 200 mm 10 mm
Checks To Be Performed For Frame
1) Unity Check for combined action of axial tension and bending stress.
By performing above checks the four members were found to be safe.
2) Check for Deflection.
As per MBMA Maximum permissible Horizontal Deflection due to Wind Load only for the
frame = h/60 to h/ 100.
Maximum permissible Horizontal Deflection due to Wind Load only for the frame =5000/60 to
5000/ 100= 83.33mm to 50mm.
As per MBMA Maximum permissible Vertical Deflection due to Live Load only for the frame =
span/240 = 15000/ 240 = 62.5mm.
The frame was checked for horizontal Deflection at nodes “2” &”4” for Wind Load and was
found Safe.
The frame was also checked for Vertical Deflection at node “3” for Live Load and was found
safe.
Weight of Members Of Lean To Frame
The weight of all members in a” Lean To Frame” is as shown below:
TABLE 4.7
Member Profile Length Weight of Member
no. in Tonnes
1 Tapered 5m 0.2239
2 Linear 7.53 m 0.3631
3 Linear 7.53 m 0.3631
4 Tapered 6.25 m 0.2799
Total Weight of all Members 1.23

Therefore Final Weight of the” Lean To Frame” will be 1.15x 1.23 = 1.414 Tonnes
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 50

Code used for Connection design is “IS- 3757”.

The table below gives the members adopted for the design of PEIB with Low spanand frame
spacing 6.25m.
TABLE 4.8

Sr.No. Items Section/Size Material

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

Girt Endwall Column

4 Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa
Side
5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x125x3.2 345 Mpa
Endwall Column Lipped C
6 345 Mpa
Combined 20x80x180x4

7 Bracing 20mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx250mmx350mm 250 Mpa

Base Plate Endwall

11 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa
Column
Anchor plate Main
12 8mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa
frame
Anchor plate Endwall
13 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa
Column
Foundation Bolt Main
14 4 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
frame
Foundation Bolt
15 2 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
Endwall Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 51

4.10 PARAMETRIC STUDIES OF LOW SPAN PEIB

A Parametric investigation has been carried out by changing the Spacing of the frame. Three
cases have been studied by increasing the frame spacing from 6.25m to7.14m and then to 8.33m.

6.25
7.14 8.33

6.25
7.14
8.33
6.25

7.14
6.25 8.33
50.0 50.0
7.14 50.0
0
6.25 7.14
8.33

7.14
6.25

8.33
6.25 7.14

6.25 7.14 8.33

15.0 15.0 15.0

0
CASE II
CASE I CASE III

Fig.4.13Low Span PEIB

All three cases are solved by changing the slope of the frames. Slopes considerd 1:3, 1:6, 1:10
and 1:12.The total cases solved are twelve by changing the parameters viz. slope and frame
spacing.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 52

CASE 1: Frame Spacing “6.25m”.

TABLE 4.9

Sr. No. Items Section/Size Material

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

Girt End wall Column

4 Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa
Side

5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x125x3.2 345 Mpa

End wall Column

6 Lipped C20x80x180x4 345 Mpa
Combined

7 Bracing 20mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx250mmx350mm 250 Mpa

Base Plate End wall
11 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa
Column
Anchor plate Main
12 8mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa
frame
Anchor plate End wall
13 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa
Column
Foundation Bolt Main
14 4 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
frame
Foundation Bolt
15 2 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
End wall Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 53

CASE 2: Frame Spacing “7.14m”.

TABLE 4.10

Sr. No. Items Section/Size Material

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

Girt End wall Column

4 Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa
Side

5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x125x3.2 345 Mpa

End wall Column

6 Lipped C20x80x180x4 345 Mpa
Combined

7 Bracing 20mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx250mmx350mm 250 Mpa

Base Plate End wall

11 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa
Column
Anchor plate Main
12 8mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa
frame
Anchor plate End wall
13 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa
Column
Foundation Bolt Main
14 4 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
frame
Foundation Bolt
15 2 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
End wall Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 54

CASE3: Frame Spacing “8.33m”

TABLE 4.11

Sr. No. Items Section/Size Material

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x240x3.15 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x230x2.55 345 Mpa

Girt End wall Column

4 Lipped Z 20x60x230x2.55 345 Mpa
Side

5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x150x3.2 345 Mpa

Combined Lipped
6 End wall Column 345 Mpa
C25x80x180x4

7 Bracing 18mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx250mmx300mm 250 Mpa

Base Plate End wall

11 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa
Column
Anchor plate Main
12 9mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa
frame
Anchor plate End wall
13 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa
Column
Foundation Bolt Main
14 4 no.'s M18dia600mm long 250 Mpa
frame
Foundation Bolt
15 2 no.'s M18dia600mm long 250 Mpa
End wall Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 55

7.7300

5.0000

ELEVATION

15m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m
50 m
6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m
6.25 m

Plan
Fig.4.14Plan And Elevation Of Conventional Industrial Building

4.11 Observation For Low Span PEIB:-

For Low Span Pre-engineered Industrial building covering an area of 15mx50m with slope of
frame 1:12 & Eave height of 5m optimized spacing was found to be 7.14m.